Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology I > Exam #02 - Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists and Anti-hypertensive Agents > Flashcards

Exam #02 - Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists and Anti-hypertensive Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Phenylephrine

A

Type: Direct-acting Adrenergic agonist

Selectivity: Alpha-1 selective

MOA:
powerful post-synaptic alpha-receptor agonist producing vasoconstriction

Major Therapeutic Use:
nasal decongestant
ophthalmic solutions for mydriasis

AE:
high doses can cause hypertensive HA and heart irregularities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clonidine

A

Brand Name: Catapres

Type: Direct-acting Adrenergic agonist

Selectivity: Alpha-2 selective

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypertension

MOA: stimulates alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the brain resulting in reduced sympathetic outflow from the CNS and decreased peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance, HR, and BP

Notes:
2 similar drugs: Guanabenz & Guanfacine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dobutamine

A

Type: Direct-acting Adrenergic agonist

Selectivity: Beta-1 selective

MOA:
stimulates beta-1 receptors in heart

Major Therapeutic Use:
increase CO and cardiac contractility to treat CHF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Terbutaline

A

Type: Direct-acting Adrenergic agonist
Selectivity: Beta-2 selective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Type: Direct-acting Adrenergic agonist

Selectivity: Non-selective Beta agonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Epinephrine

A

Type: Direct-acting Adrenergic agonist

Selectivity: Non-selective agonist

MOA:
activates both alpha and beta receptors

Major Therapeutic Use:
anaphylaxis, asthma, cardiac arrest, glaucoma,
cardiac stimulant (inotropic & chronotropic), potent vasoconstrictor, increase duration of LA for nerve block (give LA with epi constricts adjacent vessels and forms pocket), control of local bleeding (esp for facial surgery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

NE

A

Type: Direct-acting Adrenergic agonist

Selectivity: Non-selective agonist (hits all but beta-2)

MOA:
a sympathomimetic amine alpha activity results in peripheral vasoconstriction and beta activity leading to inotropic stimulation of the heart and coronary artery vasodilation

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypotension
cardiac arrest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ephedrine

A

Type: Indirect/Mixed adrenergic agonist

Selectivity: Non-selective agonist

MOA: releases stored catecholamines (namely NE) increasing activity on adrenergic receptors

Major Therapeutic Use:
nasal decongestant, weight loss products

Notes:
found in Ma Huang plant
can cross BBB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amphetamine

A

Type: Indirect Adrenergic agonist

MOA: stimulates release of NE, DA, and serotonin by impairing VMAT - more DA gets released into cytosol and gets pushed out into the synapse (some gets metabolized in cytoplasm before it’s released)
appetite suppressant and CNS stimulant

Major Therapeutic Use:
derivatives of amphetamine are used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy

AE:
toxicity due to excess beta receptor stimulation of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tyramine

A

Type: Indirect Adrenergic agonist

MOA:
stimulates the release of catecholamine (namely NE)

AE:
Tyramine is found in fermented foods (cheese, sausage, pickled fish, wine). If patient ingests these foods and is also taking a MAO inhibitor, there will be an increase in [NE] which can lead to a hypertensive crisis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cocaine

A

Type: Indirect-acting Adrenergic agonist

Therapeutic Use: LA, vasoconstriction, peripheral sympathomimetic actions

MOA: inhibits reuptake of NE, DA, and serotonin by working at the DAT and NET

AE:
toxicity due to beta-receptor stimulation of heart
abuse mainly related to inhibition of DA reuptake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reserpine

A

MOA: Irreversibly binds to VMAT stopping the packing of NE and DA into vesicles. Reduces sympathetic output, decreases HR and arterial BP

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypertension
psychotic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Would direct acting adrenergic agonists be impacted by prior treatment with reserpine?

A

No, responses may actually be potentiated by reserpine (and cocaine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Would mixed acting adrenergic agonists be impacted by prior treatment with reserpine?

A

Yes, b/c ephedrine is still acting on post-synaptic receptors, the response would be reduced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Would indirect acting adrenergic agonists be impacted by prior treatment with reserpine?

A

Yes, responses are abolished b/c stores of NE and DA have been depleted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dopamine (DA)

A

Brand Name: Intropin

Selectivity: dopaminergic and adrenergic agonist

MOA:
produces positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on myocardium by activating beta1-receptors on heart and releases NE from storage sites thus increasing heart rate and contractility. Also stimulates alpha-adrenoreceptor activity resulting in vasoconstriction increasing peripheral resistance and a rise in BP

Major Therapeutic Use:
raises BP (vasopressor)
useful in treating CHF
at low doses, good for treating shock situations

Notes: Dose dependent; at low doses PR can decrease, at higher doses activates alpha-1 receptors leading to vasoconstriction

17
Q

Salmeterol

&

Formoterol (Foradil)

A

Brand name: Serevent

Selectivity: beta-2 agonist

MOA:
activation of beta-2 receptors in lungs
long acting due to high lipid solubility

Major Therapeutic Use:
Chronic asthma and COPD
DOC for long lasting effects
Used as asthma prophylaxis

AE: tremor, tachycardia (from effects way down the line on beta-1 receptor)

18
Q

Albuterol

&

Metaproterenol

&

Pirbuterol (Maxair)

A

Brand name: Proventil

Selectivity: beta-2 agonist

MOA:
activation of beta-2 receptors in lungs
max effects within 15-30 min, lasts 3-4 hours

Major Therapeutic Use:
acute bronchospasm
useful in treating exercise induced asthma

AE:
use with caution in patients with cardiac arrythmias and uncontrolled hypertension
tremor, tachycardia

19
Q

Pseudoephedrine

A

Type: Indirect/Mixed adrenergic agonist

Selectivity: Non-selective agonist

MOA: releases stored catecholamines (namely NE) increasing activity on adrenergic receptors

Major Therapeutic Use:
OTC nasal/sinus decongestant

Notes:
found in Ma Huang plant
can cross BBB

20
Q

Phentolamine

A

Type: non-selective alpha antagonist (competitive, surmountable)

MOA:
Reversibly binds and blocks alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors. Decreases peripheral resistance (alpha-1) and increase CO (blocking alpha-2 receptors increase sympathetic outflow)

Major Therapeutic Use:
pheochromocytoma (tumor in adrenal medulla releasing excess Epi and NE)
shorter duration of action than Phenoxybenzamine

AE:
postural hypotension
tachycardia

21
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Type: non-selective alpha antagonist (non-competitive, non-surmountable)

MOA: irreversibly binds and blocks alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors. Decreases peripheral resistance (alpha-1) and increase CO (blocking alpha-2 receptors increase sympathetic outflow)

Major Therapeutic Use:
pheochromocytoma (tumor in adrenal medulla releasing excess Epi and NE)
long duration of action

AE:
postural hypotension
tachycardia

22
Q 
Prazosin
&
Terazosin
&
Doxazosin
A

Type: alpha-1 selective antagonist

MOA:
blocks alpha-1 receptors which decreases peripheral resistance

Major Therapeutic Use:
moderate to mild hypertension
BPH

AE:
vertigo
reflex tachycardia
postural hypotension

23
Q

Tamsulosin

A

Type: alpha-1 selective antagonist (selective for receptors in prostate)

MOA:
blocks alpha-1 receptors (mostly) in prostate

Major Therapeutic Use:
only used to treat BPH since it’s very selective for alpha-1 receptors in the prostate

24
Q

Yohimbine

A

Type: alpha-2 selective antagonist

No present clinical role

25
Q

Propanolol

A

Type: non-selective beta blocker

MOA:
blocks beta-1 and beta-2 receptors, decreasing HR, myocardial contractility, BP, and O2 demand (from heart slowing down)

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypertension
angina
arrythmias and tachycardia
migraine prophylaxis

AE:
use with caution in asthma patients, since this is a non-selective beta blocker (blocking beta-2 receptor would result in increased bronchoconstriction

26
Q 
Acebutolol
& 
Atenolol
&
Metoprolol
A

Type: Beta-1 selective blocker (competitive, surmountable)

MOA:
blocks beta-1 receptors resulting in decreased HR, CO, BP

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypertension (especially in patients with asthma)
supraventricular and ventricular arrythmias
ischemic heart disease

27
Q

Esmolol

A

Type: Beta-1 selective blocker (competitive, surmountable)

MOA:
blocks beta-1 receptors resulting in decreased HR, CO, BP. rapid onset, short acting drug (10 min)

Major Therapeutic Use:
Useful in treating critically ill patients with arrhythmias via IV in hospital setting only.

28
Q

Timolol

A

Type: non-selective beta blocker

Major Therapeutic Use:
treats open angle glaucoma

NO LA effect so safe for glaucoma (you wouldn’t want to numb the eye to treat glaucoma)

29
Q

Nadolol

A

Type: non-selective beta blocker

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypertension
LONG ACTING (14-24 hours)

30
Q

Labetalol

A

Type: non-selective alpha & beta blocker

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypertension
heart failure
arrythmias, angina

AE:
use caution in asthma patients

Notes:
NOT useful in treating glaucoma b/c it has LA effect

31
Q

Carvedilol

A

Type: non-selective alpha & beta blocker

MOA: non-selective blocker, plus Ca+2 channel blocker, antioxidant activity

Major Therapeutic Use:
useful in treating patients with CHF b/c it’s slightly more beta selective
hypertension

AE:
use caution in asthma patients

Note:
metabolite of carvedilol has amazing anti-oxidant properties

32
Q

Nebivolol

A

Type: beta-1 selective blocker

MOA:
blocks beta-1 receptors AND increases NO production (contributes to vasodilation)
Long acting (11-30 hours)

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypertension

33
Q

Carteolol

A

Type: non-selective beta blocker

MOA:
blocks beta-1 receptors AND increases NO production AND has partial agonism on beta-2 receptors (all contributing to vasodilation)

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypertension

34
Q

Betaxolol

A

Type: beta-1 selective blocker

MOA: blocks beta-1 receptors AND Ca+2 channel blocker (contributes to vasodilation)

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypertension
glaucoma

35
Q

Methyldopa

A

Type: alpha-2 selective agonist

MOA:
methyldopa injected, rapidly enters brain, converted into methylnorepinephrine which activates alpha-2 receptors and leads to reduction in sympathetic outflow lowering CO, peripheral resistance, and BP

Major Therapeutic Use:
hypertension in pregnant women

Notes:
much longer duration of action compared to Clonidine (the other alpha-2 agonist)

Pharmacology I (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions