exam 1

Question 1

density

Answer 1

mass divided by volume

Question 2

1kg

Answer 2

1000g

Question 3

1m

Answer 3

1000mm

Question 4

temperature

Answer 4

how hot/cold something is

Question 5

heat

Answer 5

the energy that flows from the object with a higher temperature to the one with a lower temperature

Question 6

sig fig rules

Answer 6

1. non zeros are significant
2. leading zeros are NOT significant
3. trailing zeros are significant when there is a decimal present

Question 7

precision

Answer 7

how close the value are to eachother

Question 8

accuracy

Answer 8

how close the values are to the actual value

Question 9

protons

Answer 9

in the nucleus (positive charge)

Question 10

nuetrons

Answer 10

in the nucleus (neutral charge)

Question 11

electrons

Answer 11

surround the nucleus (negative charge)

Question 12

why are atoms neutrally charged

Answer 12

because the number of protons and the number of electrons cancel each-other out

Question 13

atomic #

Answer 13

the number of protons in the nucleus

Question 14

isotopes

Answer 14

the same element with varied amounts of neutrons and thus a different mass #

Question 15

atomic mass

Answer 15

the average of its isotopic weights

Question 16

elements in the same _______ share similar behavior

Answer 16

group

Question 17

transferring e-

Answer 17

ionic bond

Question 18

sharing e-

Answer 18

covelant bond

Question 19

positively charged ion

Answer 19

cation

Question 20

negatively charged ion

Answer 20

anion

Question 21

bonding

Answer 21

metals lose electrons — nonmetals gain

Question 22

mass of an element to moles of an element

Answer 22

divide by the molar mass (on periodic table)

Question 23

mol of element to molecules/atoms

Answer 23

divide by avagadros #

Question 24

the assumed amount of product based on a chemical equation

Answer 24

theoretical yield

Question 25

percent yield

Answer 25

actual divided by theoretical yield x 100

Question 26

radioactivity

Answer 26

the spontaneous disintegration of a nucleus by the emission of radiation

Question 27

nuclear reactions

Answer 27

atoms of one element are converted to atoms of another large change in energy and mass

Question 28

chemical reactions

Answer 28

atoms DONT change identity small changes in energy/ no change in mass

Question 29

alpha decay

Answer 29

4-2-He 2+ make heavy nucleus stable utilized by EVERY element with molar mass over 83

Question 30

beta decay

Answer 30

0/-1 B high speed electrons proton emission: proton converts to nuetron and positron ( 0/1 B) electron capture: draws in an electron (0/-1 e)

Question 31

gamma decay

Answer 31

have no mass or charge, accompany other types of decay, high energy photons

Question 32

determining types of decay

Answer 32

nuetron rich: B- decay proton rich: B+ decay heavy: alpha decay

Question 33

ionization

Answer 33

atom experiences ionizing radiation to form an ion+ and an e-

Question 34

fission

Answer 34

heavy nucleus splits into two lighter nuclei

Question 35

fusion

Answer 35

two lighter nuclei form a heavy one

Question 36

nuclear binding energy

Answer 36

e every required to break 1 mol of a nuclei into individual nucleons

Question 37

kinetic energy

Answer 37

motion

Question 38

potential energy

Answer 38

position

Question 39

internal energy (E)

Answer 39

kinetic + potential energy

Question 40

energy in a system…..

Answer 40

must be accompanied by an EQUAL and OPPOSITE change in its surroundings

Question 41

ΔE

Answer 41

transfer of energy from system to surroundings

Question 42

heat (q)

Answer 42

thermal energy: transfer of heat to the lower temp hot coffee cup ——-> cold air

Question 43

work (w)

Answer 43

all other forms of energy transfer ex. kicking a soccer ball

Question 44

energy transferred out of a system is…

Answer 44

NEGATIVE

Question 45

energy transferred into a system

Answer 45

POSITIVE

Question 46

energy transferred through work

Answer 46

system RELEASE energy: work is done BY it | system ABSORB energy: work is done TO it

Question 47

law of conservation of energy

Answer 47

ΔE overall = ΔE system + ΔE surroundings=0

Question 48

internal energy

Answer 48

state function: depends on the current state of the system

Question 49

pressure volume work

Answer 49

W = -P ΔV

Question 50

expansion

Answer 50

losing energy by increasing volume

Question 51

contraction

Answer 51

gaining energy by decreasing volume

Question 52

specific heat capacity

Answer 52

the quantity of heat absorbed/released is proportional to its temperature change

Question 53

calorimetry equation

Answer 53

q = c x mass x ΔT

Question 54

magnitude of a thermochemistry exam equation is…

Answer 54

proportional to the amount of substance

Question 55

rank the types of radiation in order of penetrating ability

Answer 55

alpha beta gamma (highest)