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chem 115 > exam “4” > Flashcards

exam “4” Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

DNA is held together through what force

A

hydrogen bonding

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2
Q

which feature is common to soaps, detergents, and phospholipids?

A

their function depends on the dual polarity of their molecules

polar & nonpolar end

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3
Q

Degree of polymerization (n) =

A

molecular weight of polymer / molecular weight of the monomer

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4
Q

alkane

A

single bond

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5
Q

alkene

A

double bond

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6
Q

alkyne

A

triple bond

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7
Q

naming organic molecules:

A

parent (# of carbons) + suffix (type of molecule)

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8
Q

orgo prefixes:

A
  1. meth
  2. eth
  3. prop
  4. but
  5. pent
  6. hex
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9
Q

valence bond theory

A

how we explain the shapes of molecules based on the interaction of atomic orbitals

  • covalent bond forms when orbitals overlap (e- pair is in the overlap)
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10
Q

the more overlap….

A

the stronger the bond

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11
Q

orbitals must have…

A

opposing spins and two electrons

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12
Q

benzene

A

specific cyclic alkene: 3 double bonds

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13
Q

anything bonded to an OH is an

A

alcohol

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14
Q

microwaves ____ molecules

A

rotate

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15
Q

IR _____ bonds

A

vibrate

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16
Q

UV ______ bonds

A

break

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17
Q

hierarchy of forces

A 
ion-dipole
H-bond
dipole-dipole
ion-induced dipole 
dipole-induced dipole
london dispersion
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18
Q

energy of attraction

A

(charge 1 x charge 2) divided by internuclear distance

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19
Q

polarizability follows the trend of…

A

atomic radius: the smaller particles are less polarizable (harder to break apart)

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20
Q

when finding highest boiling point

A
  1. look for H bonding
  2. avoid shortest chain length
  3. avoid branched molecules
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21
Q

salts dissolve in

A

water

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22
Q

salts WONT dissolve in

A

hexane

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23
Q

hydrophilic

A

polar head: interacts with H20

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24
Q

hyrdrophobic

A

non-polar tail: salt interactions

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25
gas to liquid
condensation
26
vaporization
liquid to gas
27
gas to solid
deposition
28
sublimation
solid to gas
29
solid to liquid
melting/ fusion
30
freezing
liquid to solid
31
transition from a less ordered phase is a _____ reaction
exothermic
32
specific heat capacity
joules/ grams x kelvin
33
molar heat capacity
joules / mol
34
potential energy
energy of attraction (covalent bonds and intermolecular forces)
35
hybridization
the process of orbitals mixing
36
the greater the overlap
the stronger the bond | & the closer the nucleus is to the electrons
37
orbital for linear shape:
2 sp | 2 p remaining
38
orbital for trigonal planar shape:
3 sp2 | 1 p remainder
39
orbital for tetrahedral
4 sp3 | no remainder
40
sigma bonds
end to end overlap football shaped allows free rotation SINGLE BONDS
41
pi bonds
side to side overlapping restricts rotation double bonds have 1 triple bonds have 2
42
sigma bonds are ____ than pi bonds
stronger
43
condensation polymers must have _____ functional groups
two
44
addition polymer
aka chain polymer
45
homomonomer
one type of monomer
46
copolymer
two of more types of monomers
47
closed systems have…
equilibrium and changes are reversible
48
phase changes have a….
CONSTANT TEMP
49
higher applied pressure = boiling point
higher
50
ion dipole
when ion and polar molecule attract
51
dipole dipole
the attractive forces between a positive pole of one molecule and the negative pole of another higher dipole dipole = high boiling point
52
hydrogen bonds
stronger than dipole dipole H bonded to N,O or F
53
solubility
max amount of dissolved in a fixed quantity at a given temp
54
solvent
solution in which substances are dissolved
55
what is being dissolved
solute
56
like dissolved like
substances with similar intermolecular forces dissolve eachother
57
ion induced dipole is ______ than dipole induced dipole
stronger
58
oil dissolves in
hexane
59
like dissolves like
the ability to replace the current present forces
60
properties of soap
polar/ionic head | non polar tail
61
concentration
the proportion of a substance in a mixture
62
molality
of moles of solute dissolved in 1 kg of solvent

chem 115 (4 decks)

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