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chem 115 > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

what effect does bonding have on potential energy

A

it LOWERS potential energy between positive and negative particles

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2
Q

ionic bond

A

nonmetal & metal (electron transfer)

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3
Q

covelant bonding

A

nonmetal & nonmetal (electron sharing)

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4
Q

metallic bonding

A

metal & metal (sea of electrons)

strongest type of bonds

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5
Q

Lewis dot structures use valence electrons from the…

A

group #

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6
Q

octet rule

A

when atoms bond they lose, gain or share electrons to attain a filled outer layer of 8 (H & Li are exceptions)

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7
Q

ionic bonding model

A

the transfer of electrons from metal atoms to non metal atoms

(atoms want to reach the nearest noble gas)

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8
Q

lattice energy

A

the enthalpy change associated with the process of separating 1 mol of ionic solid into gaseous ions

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9
Q

lattice energy increases with…

A

decrease in ionic radius

increase in ionic charge

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10
Q

bond order

A

the # of electron pairs being shared by a given pair of atoms

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11
Q

bond energy/strength

A

energy to separate = energy to form

always positive: breaking bonds is ENDOTHERMIC

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12
Q

bond length

A

the distance between the nuclei

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13
Q

higher bond order results in…

A

smaller bond length &

higher bond energy

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14
Q

molecular covelant substances are ______ and have _______ melting points

A

weak,low (due to weak forces between them)

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15
Q

breaking bonds

A

endothermic (positive)

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16
Q

forming bonds

A

exothermic (negative)

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17
Q

highest lattice energy

A

highest product of charges + smallest radius

charge first/radius second

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18
Q

electronegativity

A

relative ability of bonded atoms to attract shared electrons

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19
Q

oxidation #

A

valence e - (# of shared e + unshared e)

shared e go to the most electronegative

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20
Q

bond order

A

(# of electrons bonded - # electrons not bonded) divided by 2

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21
Q

formal charge

Study These Flashcards
A

= # of valence e ➖ (# of unshared valence ➕ 1/2 # shared valence e)

22
Q

formal charges must sum….

Study These Flashcards
A

to the actual charge of the species

0 for a molecule / ionic charge for an ion

23
Q

picking the best resonance based on FC

Study These Flashcards
A

prefer smaller formal charges, most negative FC should be on the most electronegative

24
Q

formal charge is used to….

Study These Flashcards
A

examine resonance structures & determine best fit

25
electron arrangement
bonding & non bonding groups around a central atom (can yield varied molecular shapes)
26
molecular shape
relative position of the nuclei bonding groups ONLY
27
linear
2 bonding groups | 180° ideal bond bond angle
28
lone pairs ______ the angle between bonding pairs
decrease
29
the ______ the bond angle the weaker the repulsion
greater
30
double bonds have more electron density and repel _________ more than they repel eachother
electrons in single bonds
31
trigonal planar
3 electron groups 120° ideal bonding angle when you have 1 lone pair the structure is BENT
32
tetrahedral arrangement
4 electron groups 109.5° ideal bond angle 4/0: tetrahedral 3/1: trigonal pyramidal 2/2: bent
33
trigonal bypriamidal
5 bonding groups 3 120° & 2 90° ideal bond angles 5: trigonal bypriamidal 4/1: see-saw 3/2: T-shaped 2/3: linear
34
octahedral
6 electron groups 90° bond angles 6: octahedral 5/1: square pyramidal 4/3: square planar
35
covenant bonds are polar when…
the atoms have different electronegitivities
36
non-polar
net dipole= 0 everything cancels out equal sharing of electrons
37
polar
net dipole >0 | unequal electron sharing, asymettrical
38
Born Haber Cycle
1. sublimation 2. dissociation 3. ionization 4. electron affinity 5. formation 6. lattice energy
39
atomic radius is highest …
bottom left corner
40
electronegativity is highest…
top right corner
41
when oxygen is present the heat_____
decreases
42
repulsion
high potential energy
43
attraction
low potential energy
44
bond length _____ when atomic radius increases
increases
45
bond polarity and ionic character increase with a _____
increasing difference in electronegitivity
46
electronegativity increases….
diagonally from bottom left to upper right
47
bond strength INCREASES as atomic radius
DECREASES
48
molecule will be non polar if:
the shape around the central atom has no lone pairs (unless square planar or linear) if all atoms around the central atom are the same
49
mass=
concentration x molar mass x volume mol x gram/mol x liters
50
mass=
concentration x molar mass x volume

chem 115 (4 decks)

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