Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PT anatomy > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(105 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Term to describe the curvature of the cervical spine?

A

lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Term to describe the curvature of the thoracic spine?

A

kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Term to describe the curvature of the lumbar spine?

A

Lordosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Term to describe the curvature of the sacral spine?

A

kyphosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which structure is involved in spina bifida?

A

incomplete fusion of the posterior arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the symptoms associated with spina bifida aculta?

A

hidden pathology with no symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the symptoms associated with mylo-meningocele spina bifida?

A

meninges and spinal cord leak out of posterior arch (unprotected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which structure is affected in a scotty dog fracture?

A

pars inticularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens if you have a bilateral pars inticularis fracture?

A

weakness is verebrae causes sliding of the vertebral body forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

at which vertebra does the spinal cord end?

A

L1/L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is thickest spinal disc? and why is it thickest there?

A

cervical spine, allows for more head movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why are cervical spinous process bifid?

A

allows for more muscle attachment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what structure travels through transverse foramen of C-1C6?

A

vertebral artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of the uncinate process of cervical vertebrae?

A

allows for movement specifically flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what movement do the thoracic vertebra generally facilitate?

A

rotation of the trunk and side bending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is T12 most commonly fractured from sheering forces?

A

Top half acts as thoracic vertebra, bottom act as a lumbar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What movement do the lumbar vertebra generally facilitate?

A

flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which plane of motion do the thoracic vertebra generally move in?

A

frontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What plane of motion do the lumbar vertebra generally move in?

A

sagittal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the check rein of the tectorial membrane?

A

flexion @ atlantoocipital joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the check rein of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

flexion from C2-Sacrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the extension of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

tectorial membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which ligament lies deep to the tectorial membrane?

A

cruciform ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what is the function of the cruciform ligament?

A

holds C1 against the dens of C2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the check rein for the alar ligaments?
rotation of C2
26
location of the alar ligaments?
from dens to occipital bone
27
What is the condition for incomplete closure of the posterior neural arch?
Spina bifida
28
Term meaning hidden spina bifida?
spina bifida occulta
29
Term for the more servere spina bifida
Spina bifida meningomyelocele
30
what is removed during a laminectomy
removal of spinous process and adjacent lamina
31
what is contained in the transverse foramina?
vertebral artery
32
Which cervical vertebrae are atypical?
C1,C2, C7
33
Orientation of cervical facets?
horizontal
34
What is the function of the uncinate processes?
for added stability
35
C1 moves in yes motion around which joint?
atlanto-occipital joints
36
C2 moves in no motion around which joint?
atlanto-axial joints
37
unique characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae?
have costal facets
38
which movement do thoracic vertebra allow? which plan are the articular facets orientated?
coronal/horizontal plane rotation/ side bending
39
which movement do lumbar vertebrae allow and which plane?
sagittal plane extension and flexion
40
what is lumbar spinal stenosis?
narrowed vertebral foramen in lumbar region. can cause compression of the nerve roots
41
how many fused vertebrae are in the sacrum?
5
42
how many foramen does the sacrum have?
8
43
List the crests of the sacrum from lateral to medial?
lateral, intermediate, median
44
name the types of cervical intervertebral articulations? (C3-C6)
Symphesis joints, zygoapophyseal joints, uncovertebral joints.
45
what type of joints are the symphyses joints?
cartilaginous
46
what type of joints are the zygaphohyseal joints?
synovial
47
Which cervical vertebrae have uncinate processes?
C3-C6
48
is there a symphysis joint between C1 and C2?
No
49
Which is the inferiormost functional joint?
Symphysis joint between L5 and S1
50
what occurs if there is injury to zygoapophyseal joints?
Compression of nerve roots
51
the annulus can undergo...?
ipsilateral compression, contralateral tension
52
as we age what happens to the IV discs?
nucleus dehydrates making it stiffer. Lamellae bear more weight and may crack
53
which way does the nucleus usually herniate?
Posterolaterally
54
what is the most common location of a disc herniation?
L4-L5 and L5-S1
55
what is the ALL a check rein for?
extension
56
which is wider the ALL or PLL?
the ALL
57
What is the PLL a check rein for?
flexion
58
what does the PLL change its name to? and where
Tectorial membrane, C2
59
What does the supraspinous ligament change its name to and where?
Nuchal ligament at C7-occipital bone
60
Name the two craniovertebral joints
Atlanto-axial joint Atlanto-occipital joint
61
what three joints make up the atlanto-axial joints? and what are they called?
2 planar joints and 1 pivot. lateral atlantoaxial joints and one median atlantoaxial joints
62
What does the movement of the atlanto-axial joints permit?
rotation (no)
63
what type of joints are the atlanto-occipital joints? and what is the movement?
synovial condyloid joint "yes", some lateral flexion as well
64
what are the ligaments in the atlanto axial joint?
Cruciate, alar, tectorial
65
what arteries typically supply the vertebrae?
segmental arteries
66
where do the segmental arteries arise from?
aorta
67
where do segment arteries exit to reach targets?
intervertebral foramina
68
which space do the venous plexuses run through?
fat-filled epidural space
69
what are some common causes for ischemia?
obstructive arterial disease, surgical error, inadequate circulation/bp (shock)
70
What are the consequences of ischemia in the spinal cord?
necrosis (weakness/paralysis)
71
what is an anastomoses?
connection of arteries. allowing for redundant blood supply
72
in general superficial and intermediate back muscles act on...?
upper extremity and thoracic rib cage
73
in general deep muscles of the back act on...?
vertebral column
74
general innervation of the supperficial and intermediate muscles?
anterior rami and one cranial nerve
75
general innervation of the deep back muscles?
posterior rami
76
the trapezius and lat muscle are commonly refered to as...?
posterior axioappendicular muscles (have attachments on appendicular and axial skeleton)
77
function of the serratus posterior muscles?
proprioception
78
orientation of the splenius capitis muscles fibers?
supermedial
79
orientation of the splenius cervicis muscle fibers?
inferolateral fibers
80
orientation of the transversospinalis muscle fibers?
superomedial
81
name the three minor transversospinalis muscles?
interspinalis, intertransversarii, levatores costarum
82
what are the minor transversospinalis muscles responsible for?
proprioception
83
list the boundaries of the suboccipital triangle?
rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis superior and inferior
84
superior attachment of the inferior obliquus capitis?
transverse process of C1 (only capitis" that doesnt attach to head)
85
where does the spinal cord end?
L1-L2
86
location of cervical region?
C4-T1
87
location of lumbosacral enlargement?
T11-S1
88
at what bony landmark does the medulla become the spinal cord?
foramen magnum
89
what are the two parts that the filum terminal anchors to?
dural sac @ S2 coccyx (coccygeal ligament)
90
what type of roots are contained in the cauda equina?
lower lumbar,
91
gray matter is made up of what?
cell bodies
92
white matter is made up of?
axons
93
review the stained cross-sections and how they look different in each region
94
how do you name a spinal nerve?
based on the area of the spinal cord the rootlets attach too
95
which direction do the dorsal roots travel?
afferent
96
what branches does the posterior intercostal arteries give off?
radicular branches that enter vertebral
97
anterior rami are sensory or motor?
Motor
98
what kind of branches do the anterior rami give off?
intercostal nerves (lateral and anterior cutaneous branches)
99
what kind of branches do the posterior rami give off?
muscular and cutaneous and branches to zygoapophseal joints
100
what nerve does T12 anterior rami produce?
subcostal nerve
101
List the meningeal layers from superficial to deep?
dura matter, arachnoid matter, pia mater
102
list the three spaces of the spinal meninges?
extradural, subdural, subarachnoid
103
which space is filled with cerebrospinal fluid?
sub-arachnoid
104
what produces CSF?
choroid plexus
105
Name the types of vertebral articulations in thoracic region?
Costovertebral, zygoapophaseal, symphesis

PT anatomy (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions