Exam 2

Question 1

The upper extremity sacrafices what for what?

Answer 1

Sacrafices stability for mobility

Question 2

main innervation and blood supply to the upper extremity?

Answer 2

brachial plexus and axillary artery

Question 3

what is the one point that attaches the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton?

Answer 3

Sternoclavicular joint

Question 4

what are the landmarks on the inferior surface of the clavicle?

Answer 4

conoid tubercle, trapezoid line, subclavian groove, impression for costoclavicular lig

Question 5

Name the joints of the shoulder?

Answer 5

sternoclavicular
Acromioclavicular
glenohumeral
Scapulothoracic

Question 6

What is the scapulothoracic joint?

Answer 6

not a real joint, only conceptual involving the movement of the anterior scapula on ribs

Question 7

What is scapulohumeral rhythm?

Answer 7

movement in shoulder elevation
2* at glenohumeral joint for every 1 * movement at scapulothoracic joint

Question 8

What are the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 8

only points of attachment for upper limbs to the trunk
saddly-type joint (ball and socket)
(clavicle is the radius through with the shoulder moves)

Question 9

What is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 9

only points of attachment for upper limbs to the trunk
saddly-type joint (ball and socket)
(clavicle is the radius through with the shoulder moves)

Question 10

Where is the articular disc?

Answer 10

attaches to the sternoclavicular ligaments to support the joint, absorbs force from upper extremity

Question 11

what does the interclavicular ligament connect?

Answer 11

medial ends of clavicle to superior border of manibrium

Question 12

What movement does the sternoclavicular joint allow?

Answer 12

Superior movement of the clavicle 60*
Scapular retraction-protraction 30*

Question 13

Ligaments of the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 13

Interclavicular ligament
anterior sternoclavicular lig
costoclavicular lig

Question 14

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 14

plane-type synovial

Question 15

is the acromioclavicular capsule strong or weak?

Answer 15

capsule is loose and weak

Question 16

What are the components of the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 16

acromioclavicular ligament,
coracoclavicular ligament (trapezoid + conoid)

Question 17

What ligaments rupture when there is a AC joint seperation?

Answer 17

both the acromioclavicular ligament and corocaclavicular ligament

Question 18

What muscles are considered scapulohumeral muscles?

Answer 18

deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff (teres minor, suprspinatus, infraspinatous, subscap)

Question 19

Action of the clavicular head of pec major?

Answer 19

flex the humerus

Question 20

Action of the sternocostal head of pec major?

Answer 20

extends humerus from flexed position?

Question 21

Action of pec major and innervation?

Answer 21

Transverse Adduction and medial rotation, flexion
Medial and lateral n

Question 22

Action of the pec minor?

Answer 22

Draws scapula anterior and inferior
shoulder abduction (protraction) + depression

Question 23

innervation of pec minor?

Answer 23

medial n

Question 24

Action and innervation of subclavius?

Answer 24

depresses scapula,
nerve to subclavias

Question 25

Action and innervation of serratus anterior

Answer 25

Protract scapula Inferior fibers superiorly rotate Long thoracic n

Question 26

Action and innervation of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 26

Abduction anterior + posterior fibers: stabilize Arm must be adbucted to at least 15 * first Axillary n.

Question 27

Action and innervation of the teres major?

Answer 27

adducts and medially rotates arm subscapular n

Question 28

Action and innervation of infraspinatus

Answer 28

Suprascapular n. lateral rotators

Question 29

Action of supraspinatus and innervation

Answer 29

Suprascapular n. abduction

Question 30

Action and innervation of teres minor?

Answer 30

axillary nerve lateral rotator

Question 31

Action and innervation of subscap?

Answer 31

Upper and lower subscap medial rotator

Question 32

What is contained in the quadrangular space?

Answer 32

Posterior circumflex humeral a. Axillary n

Question 33

Boundaries of the quadrangular space?

Answer 33

teres minor teres major surgicial neck of humerus Long head of triceps brachii

Question 34

What is contained in the triangular space?

Answer 34

circumflex scapular artery

Question 35

Borders of the triangular space?

Answer 35

teres minor teres major long head of tricpes

Question 36

what is contained in the triangular interval?

Answer 36

radial n. profunda brachii

Question 37

What are the boundaries of the triangular interval?

Answer 37

teres major lateral/long head of triceps

Question 38

Why does an axillary nerve injury occur? consequences?

Answer 38

humeral fractures/dislocations of the humeral head can damage it deltoid and teres minor will atrophy

Question 39

What are the boundaries of the axilla?

Answer 39

Apex: cervicoaxillary canal Base: skin, subcutaneous tissue, axillary fascia Medial wall: thoracic wall +serratus Lateral wall: intertubercular groove of humerus Anterior wall: pec major + minor Posterior wall: scapula/subscap, teres major, lat

Question 40

What is the inferior -most part of the posterior wall of axilla?

Answer 40

posterior axillary fold (teres major and lat)

Question 41

what is the inferior-most part of the anterior wall of axilla?

Answer 41

anterior axillary fold (pec major and skin

Question 42

what is the purpose of the tickle reflex?

Answer 42

when arm is fully abducted the axilla is vulnerable, being ticklish response is to adduct arm

Question 42

what is the purpose of the tickle reflex?

Answer 42

when arm is fully abducted the axilla is vulnerable, being ticklish response is to adduct arm

Question 43

where do the roots of the brachial plexus emerge?

Answer 43

between middle and anterior scalens

Question 44

Nerve branches from the anterior divisions of the brachial plexus innervate which compartment?

Answer 44

anterior (flexor-pronator) compartment

Question 45

Nerve branches from the posterior divisions of the brachial plexus innnervate which compartment?

Answer 45

posterior (extensor-supinator compartment)

Question 46

Upper plexus disorders may present as?

Answer 46

Waiters tip position (C5-C7)

Question 47

Lower plexus disorders may present as?

Answer 47

claw hand (C8-T1)

Question 48

what seperates the anterior and posterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 48

medial and lateral intermuscular septa

Question 49

why are fascial linings important?

Answer 49

contain the spread of infection or hemmorhage

Question 50

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the arm?

Answer 50

Musculocutaneous

Question 51

Action of the biceps brachii?

Answer 51

flexion and supination Most efficient at 90* flexion

Question 52

Action of the brachialis. m.?

Answer 52

flexes forearm *recieves some radial nerve innervation

Question 53

Action of the coracobrachialis?

Answer 53

flex and adduct arm

Question 54

Action of triceps brachii?

Answer 54

Long head: stabilze adducted shoulder (resist downward displace) medial head: extensor mainly lateral head: some extension

Question 55

Action of the anconeus muscle?

Answer 55

extension of forearm Stabilizes elbow abducts ulna in pronation

Question 56

Innervation of posterior compartment upper arm muscles?

Answer 56

radial n.

Question 57

At what landmark does the subclavian artery turn into axillary artery?

Answer 57

lateral 1st rib

Question 58

at what landmark does the axillary artery turn into the brachial artery?

Answer 58

teres major m.

Question 59

what are the three parts of the axillary artery?

Answer 59

superior thoracic a. thoracoacromial trunk, subscapular a. (thoracodorsal and circumflex scapular a.)

Question 60

why are fascial linnings important?

Answer 60

they contain/direct the spread of

Question 61

what is the brachial fascia continuous with?

Answer 61

pectoral pascia and axillary fascia and antebrachial fascia

Question 62

what artery supplies the arm?

Answer 62

brachial artery

Question 63

what does the brachial artery split into?

Answer 63

radial and ulnar artery also profunda brachii, superior and inferior ulnar collateral

Question 64

where does the brachial v. begin?

Answer 64

at the elbow joint, union of ulnar and radial v.

Question 65

what veins form the axillary v.

Answer 65

brachial v. and basilic v.

Question 66

what nerve innervates anterior compartment of arm?

Answer 66

musculocutaneous

Question 67

What muscles does the axillary n innervate?

Answer 67

deltoid, teres minor

Question 68

what are the borders of the cubital fossa?

Answer 68

superior: imaginary line through medial and lateral epicondyles of humerus Medially: mass of flexor muscles, pronator teres Laterally: massof extensor muscles (brachioradialis) Roof: brachial/antebrachial fascia Floor: brachialis m. supinator m.

Question 69

what are the contents of the cubital fossa?

Answer 69

brachial a.-> radial+ ulnar biceps tendon median n. radial n.

Question 70

what kind of joint is the elbow?

Answer 70

hinge-type synovial joint

Question 71

is the elbow joint weak or strong?

Answer 71

weak anteriorly and posterly

Question 72

Ligaments of the elbow?

Answer 72

radial collateral ligament, annular ligament, ulnar collateral

Question 73

Which ligament is reconstructed during tommy john surgery?

Answer 73

ulnar collateral ligament Valgus force can injury it

Question 74

what is the antebrachial fascia continuous with?

Answer 74

brachial and palmar fascia

Question 75

both the radius and ulna bones have...?

Answer 75

anterior tuberuosities and distal styloid processses

Question 76

what type of joints is the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 76

synovial pivot type joint

Question 77

what does the anular ligament allow?

Answer 77

holds the radial head on ulna.

Question 78

what type of radial rotation occurs with supination? pronation?

Answer 78

lateral rotation, pronation

Question 79

what is nursemaids elbow?

Answer 79

subluxation of the radial head from the annular ligament

Question 80

what type of joint is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 80

syndesomosis

Question 81

some lovers try positions that they cant handle?

Answer 81

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 82

what type of joint is the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 82

condyloid synovial joint

Question 83

does the ulna participate in the wrist joint?

Answer 83

no

Question 84

what are the four bones that form the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 84

radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, articular disc

Question 85

what are the ligaments of the wrist?

Answer 85

palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments Ulnar collateral ligament Radial collateral ligament

Question 86

what do the palmar and dorsal radiocarpal ligaments allow?

Answer 86

supination and pronation

Question 87

What does the ulnar collateral ligament check reing?

Answer 87

Hyper ABduction

Question 88

what does the radial collateral ligament check rein?

Answer 88

hyperADDuction

Question 89

name the muscles in the superifical layer of the anterior compartment?

Answer 89

pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 90

Name the muscles in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment?

Answer 90

flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 91

Name the muscles in the deep layer of the anterior compartment?

Answer 91

flexor digitorum profundus, flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus

Question 92

Most muscles of the anterior compartment are innervated by what nerve?

Answer 92

median n and anterior interosseous

Question 93

The two muscles in the anterior compartment innnervated by the ulnar nerve are?

Answer 93

medial half of flexor digitorum profundus, flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 94

Name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 94

Brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor indicis, supinator

Question 95

Where do most posterior compartment muscles attach?

Answer 95

common extensor tendon

Question 96

rWhere do the two unique posterior compartment muscles attach?

Answer 96

lateral supraepicondylar ridge

Question 97

What nerve innervates muscles of the posterior compartment?

Answer 97

deep radial n.

Question 98

Boundaries of the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 98

abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis, extensor pollicis longus, fascia, scaphoid

Question 99

how many bones in the hand?

Answer 99

27

Question 100

landmarks of the metacarpal bones?

Answer 100

proximal base, shaft, distal head

Question 101

how many phalanges?

Answer 101

3 proximal, middle, distal

Question 102

what type of joints are the Carpometocarpals?

Answer 102

planar except from thumb (saddle)

Question 103

what type of joints are the intermetacarpal joint?

Answer 103

planar synovial

Question 104

what type of joints are metacarpophalangeal joint?

Answer 104

synovial joints of the condyloid type

Question 105

what type of joints are iP joint?

Answer 105

synovial

Question 106

The MCP and IP jionts have _____ ligaments that support the fibrous capsule?

Answer 106

collateral ligament

Question 107

what are the main compartments of the hand?

Answer 107

hypothenar. thenar, central, adductor compartment, interosseous

Question 108

what is the neutral position of the thumb?

Answer 108

90* rotated

Question 109

at what joint does opposition of the thumb occur?

Answer 109

1st CMC

Question 110

what is contained in the anatomical snuff box?

Answer 110

radial artery