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PSY 100 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific attitude is comprised of…

A

curiosity, skepticism, and HUMILITY

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

TITCHNER

What were the structures of mind?

WHAT the mind and consciousness WERE

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

JAMES

Practice applications-what were the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings?

HOW mind and consciousness WORKED

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4
Q

Behaviorism

A

Study of OBSERVABLE behavior

if something isn’t observable, it cannot be tested

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5
Q

Levels of analysis

A

Biological, psychological, social

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6
Q

Basic subfield

A

additional to knowledge

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7
Q

Applied subfield

A

Solution to existing problems

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8
Q

Positive correlation

A

0.0 to 1.0

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9
Q

Negative correlation

A

-0.0 to -1.0

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10
Q

Action potential

A

Brief wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps the axon

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11
Q

Resting potential

A

The stable, negative charge of an inactive neuron

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12
Q

Depolarization

A

The movement of a cell’s membrane potential to a more positive value

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13
Q

Repolarization

A

The change in membrane potential, returning to a negative value

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14
Q

Hyperpolarization (refractory period)

A

A change in a cell’s membrane potential that makes it more negative

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15
Q

Case study

A

Phineas Gage

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16
Q

Neural impulse

A

dendrite to axon to myelin sheath

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17
Q

Agonist

A

Increases a neurotransmitter’s action

Increase production or release
Blocks reuptake

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18
Q

Antagonist

A

Inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter’s action

Blocks production or release

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19
Q

Chemical balance

A

Overflowing a brain with opiates may case it to stop producing its own

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20
Q

What does the nervous system consist of?

A

Peripheral and Central nervous system

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21
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Autonomic and somatic

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23
Q

Autonomic

A

Controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands

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24
Q

What does the autonomic system consist of?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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25
Q

Sympathetic

A

Arousing

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26
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Calming

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27
Q

What does the somatic system consist of?

A

Sensory input and motor output

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28
Q

Hormones

A

Glands that are involuntary

Transported through the blood

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29
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Neurons that are voluntary or involuntary

Transported through neurons

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30
Q

Endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus : controls the pituitary gland

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31
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Secretes many different hormones, some of which affect other glands

32
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry messages OUTWARDS

33
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry messages INWARDS

34
Q

PET scan

A

Measures consumption of energy (glucose)

35
Q

Brain stem

A

Attaches to the spinal cord

Involuntary responses

-Midbrain
-Pons
-Medulla

36
Q

Pons

A

Connects cerebellum and brain stem

Sleep and arousal

37
Q

Medulla

A

Controls vital functions and regulates reflexes

38
Q

Hippocampus

A

Processes conscious, explicit memories

Decreases in size and function w/ age

No hippocampus = no new memories

39
Q

The brain consists of which 4 lobes?

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

40
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Motor control

Problem solving

Speech production

41
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Touch perception

Body orientation and sensory discrimination

42
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory processing (hearing)

Language comprehension

Memory / info retrieval

43
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Sight

Visual reception and visual interpretation

44
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance and coordination

45
Q

What part of the body has the most sensory neurons?

A

Hands and mouth

46
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Connects the 2 hemispheres

Responsible for relaying info between them

47
Q

Sensation

A

Occurs when sensory receptors detect sensory stimuli

48
Q

Perception

A

When sensory info is organized and interpreted, enabling recognition

49
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Nerve endings

50
Q

Signal Detection Theory

A

Predicts when we detect weak signals

Subliminal

51
Q

Ever notice that when you’re driving you hate pedestrians, the way they saunter through the crosswalk, almost daring you to hit them, but when you’re walking you hate drivers?

Holding a gun makes people more likely to perceive someone else is holding a gun

A

We perceive things based on the context of the situation

52
Q

Motivation

A

“Energy” for achieving goals

Desired object are perceived as closer

Destinations seems farther away when we’re tired or carrying a heavy load

Losing weight can make destinations seem closer

Softballs seem bigger when you’re hitting well

53
Q

Emotion

A

Emotions can change perceptions

i.e. sad music (mourning vs. morning)

54
Q

Short wavelength

A

High frequency

BLUE

55
Q

Long wavelength

A

Low frequency

RED

56
Q

Great amplitude

A

BRIGHT colors

57
Q

Small amplitude

A

DULL colors

58
Q

What is the process of the eye?

A
  1. Light enters cornea
  2. Passes through pupil
  3. Iris
  4. Hits transparent lens which
  5. Focuses rays onto retina by changing curvature and thickness
  6. Brain processes this Information very fast
59
Q

Are there more cones or rods?

A

More rods

60
Q

What are the 2 stages of color processing?

A
  1. The retina’s red, green, and blue cones respond in varying degrees to different color stimuli (Trichromatic theory)
  2. The cones’ responses are then processed by opponent-process cells
    (Hering’s theory)
61
Q

What is included in parallel processing?

A

Motion, form, depth, color

62
Q

What is the process of seeing a scene?

A

Scene
Retinal processing
Feature detection
Parallel processing
Recognition

63
Q

Sound waves

A

Air molecules create waves of compressed and expanded air (ears detect brief air pressure changes)

64
Q

Short wavelength

A

High frequency

HIGH-PITCHED SOUNDS

65
Q

Long wavelength

A

Low frequency

LOW-PITCHED SOUNDS

66
Q

Great amplitude

A

LOUD SOUNDS

67
Q

Small amplitude

A

SOFT SOUNDS

68
Q

Ear drum

A

Tight membrane where sound waves strike

69
Q

Middle ear

A

Chamber between ear drum and cochlea

70
Q

Cochlea

A

Fluid filled tube in inner ear

Vibrations causes hairs to move in ear that trigger nerve impulses

71
Q

What is the process of sound entering the ear?

A

Ear drum
Middle ear
Inner ear
Cochlea
Semicircular
Vestibular sacs
Auditory nerve

72
Q

Loudness

A

Number of hair cells activated

73
Q

Gate-Control Theory

A

Spinal cord contains “gate”

Blocks pain signals or allows them to go to brain

“Gate” is opened by activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers

“Gate” is closed by larger fibers OR info coming from brain

74
Q

Smell

A

Olfactory neurons bypass thalamus

75
Q

How many exam scores are dropped?

A

1

76
Q

Do you need to email if you miss class?

A

No

PSY 100 (5 decks)

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