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PSY 100 > EXAM 1 > Flashcards

EXAM 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The scientific attitude is comprised of…

A

curiosity, skepticism, and HUMILITY

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2
Q

Structuralism

A

TITCHNER

What were the structures of mind?

WHAT the mind and consciousness WERE

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3
Q

Functionalism

A

JAMES

Practice applications-what were the evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings?

HOW mind and consciousness WORKED

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4
Q

Behaviorism

A

Study of OBSERVABLE behavior

if something isn’t observable, it cannot be tested

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5
Q

Levels of analysis

A

Biological, psychological, social

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6
Q

Basic subfield

A

additional to knowledge

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7
Q

Applied subfield

A

Solution to existing problems

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8
Q

Positive correlation

A

0.0 to 1.0

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9
Q

Negative correlation

A

-0.0 to -1.0

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10
Q

Action potential

A

Brief wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps the axon

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11
Q

Resting potential

A

The stable, negative charge of an inactive neuron

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12
Q

Depolarization

A

The movement of a cell’s membrane potential to a more positive value

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13
Q

Repolarization

A

The change in membrane potential, returning to a negative value

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14
Q

Hyperpolarization (refractory period)

A

A change in a cell’s membrane potential that makes it more negative

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15
Q

Case study

A

Phineas Gage

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16
Q

Neural impulse

A

dendrite to axon to myelin sheath

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17
Q

Agonist

A

Increases a neurotransmitter’s action

Increase production or release
Blocks reuptake

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18
Q

Antagonist

A

Inhibits or blocks a neurotransmitter’s action

Blocks production or release

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19
Q

Chemical balance

A

Overflowing a brain with opiates may case it to stop producing its own

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20
Q

What does the nervous system consist of?

A

Peripheral and Central nervous system

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21
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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22
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Autonomic and somatic

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23
Q

Autonomic

A

Controls self-regulated action of internal organs and glands

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24
Q

What does the autonomic system consist of?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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25
Sympathetic
Arousing
26
Parasympathetic
Calming
27
What does the somatic system consist of?
Sensory input and motor output
28
Hormones
Glands that are involuntary Transported through the blood
29
Neurotransmitters
Neurons that are voluntary or involuntary Transported through neurons
30
Endocrine system
Hypothalamus : controls the pituitary gland
31
Pituitary gland
Secretes many different hormones, some of which affect other glands
32
Motor neurons
Carry messages OUTWARDS
33
Sensory neurons
Carry messages INWARDS
34
PET scan
Measures consumption of energy (glucose)
35
Brain stem
Attaches to the spinal cord Involuntary responses -Midbrain -Pons -Medulla
36
Pons
Connects cerebellum and brain stem Sleep and arousal
37
Medulla
Controls vital functions and regulates reflexes
38
Hippocampus
Processes conscious, explicit memories Decreases in size and function w/ age No hippocampus = no new memories
39
The brain consists of which 4 lobes?
Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital
40
Frontal lobe
Motor control Problem solving Speech production
41
Parietal lobe
Touch perception Body orientation and sensory discrimination
42
Temporal lobe
Auditory processing (hearing) Language comprehension Memory / info retrieval
43
Occipital lobe
Sight Visual reception and visual interpretation
44
Cerebellum
Balance and coordination
45
What part of the body has the most sensory neurons?
Hands and mouth
46
Corpus callosum
Connects the 2 hemispheres Responsible for relaying info between them
47
Sensation
Occurs when sensory receptors detect sensory stimuli
48
Perception
When sensory info is organized and interpreted, enabling recognition
49
Sensory receptors
Nerve endings
50
Signal Detection Theory
Predicts when we detect weak signals Subliminal
51
Ever notice that when you’re driving you hate pedestrians, the way they saunter through the crosswalk, almost daring you to hit them, but when you’re walking you hate drivers? Holding a gun makes people more likely to perceive someone else is holding a gun
We perceive things based on the context of the situation
52
Motivation
"Energy" for achieving goals Desired object are perceived as closer Destinations seems farther away when we're tired or carrying a heavy load Losing weight can make destinations seem closer Softballs seem bigger when you're hitting well
53
Emotion
Emotions can change perceptions i.e. sad music (mourning vs. morning)
54
Short wavelength
High frequency BLUE
55
Long wavelength
Low frequency RED
56
Great amplitude
BRIGHT colors
57
Small amplitude
DULL colors
58
What is the process of the eye?
1. Light enters cornea 2. Passes through pupil 3. Iris 4. Hits transparent lens which 5. Focuses rays onto retina by changing curvature and thickness 6. Brain processes this Information very fast
59
Are there more cones or rods?
More rods
60
What are the 2 stages of color processing?
1. The retina's red, green, and blue cones respond in varying degrees to different color stimuli (Trichromatic theory) 2. The cones' responses are then processed by opponent-process cells (Hering's theory)
61
What is included in parallel processing?
Motion, form, depth, color
62
What is the process of seeing a scene?
Scene Retinal processing Feature detection Parallel processing Recognition
63
Sound waves
Air molecules create waves of compressed and expanded air (ears detect brief air pressure changes)
64
Short wavelength
High frequency HIGH-PITCHED SOUNDS
65
Long wavelength
Low frequency LOW-PITCHED SOUNDS
66
Great amplitude
LOUD SOUNDS
67
Small amplitude
SOFT SOUNDS
68
Ear drum
Tight membrane where sound waves strike
69
Middle ear
Chamber between ear drum and cochlea
70
Cochlea
Fluid filled tube in inner ear Vibrations causes hairs to move in ear that trigger nerve impulses
71
What is the process of sound entering the ear?
Ear drum Middle ear Inner ear Cochlea Semicircular Vestibular sacs Auditory nerve
72
Loudness
Number of hair cells activated
73
Gate-Control Theory
Spinal cord contains "gate" Blocks pain signals or allows them to go to brain "Gate" is opened by activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve fibers "Gate" is closed by larger fibers OR info coming from brain
74
Smell
Olfactory neurons bypass thalamus
75
How many exam scores are dropped?
1
76
Do you need to email if you miss class?
No

PSY 100 (5 decks)

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