EXAM 4

Question 1

Criteria of Abnormal Behavior (Disruptive)

Answer 1

Statistically atypical, deviates from cultural norms

Question 2

Criteria of Abnormal Behavior (Dysfunctional)

Answer 2

Compromises ability to lead satisfying life, function effectively, or dangerous to self/others

Question 3

Criteria of Abnormal Behavior (Distressful)

Answer 3

The person finds it troubling

Question 4

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 4

Recognizes all the previously mentioned factors as potential influences

Psychological disorders are caused by multiple factors

Vulnerability-stress model or diathesis-stress model (pre-existing conditions can put an individual at risk of developing a psychological disorder)

Question 5

Purpose of classification

Answer 5

• Understand, treat, prevent, predict
• Communication between clinicians
• Billing/Managed care

Question 6

DSM

Answer 6

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Question 7

ICD

Answer 7

The International classification of diseases

Question 8

Critiques of DSM

Answer 8

• Relies too much on social norms and subjective judgments
• Too many new categories w/o sufficient evidence
• Loosened standards to meet criteria
• Heterogeneity of presentation
• Comorbidity
• Focuses on problems, not strengths

Question 9

Neurodevelopmental disorders in general

Answer 9

Diagnosed in childhood

Often due to
- genetic differences
- atypical brain development (structure/function)
- prenatal exposure to teratogens

Question 10

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Symptoms

Answer 10

Excessive anxiety and worry

Question 11

OCD Criteria

Answer 11

1. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both
2. These are time consuming and/or cause significant distress

Question 12

Obsessions

Answer 12

THOUGHTS

Question 13

Compulsions

Answer 13

ACTIONS

Question 14

OCD Cycle

Answer 14

Obsessions –> Anxiety –> Compulsion –> Relief –>

Question 15

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 15

Depressed mood most of the day
Diminished interest or pleasure

Must experience 5 or more symptoms during a 2-week period

Question 16

Persistent Depressive Disorder

Answer 16

When these symptoms persist for 2 years

Question 17

Manic Episode (Bipolar 1)

Answer 17

Abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy LASTING AT LEAST 1 WEEK

Question 18

Hypomanic Episode (Bipolar 2)

Answer 18

4 consecutive days

Question 19

Physical indications of fight or flight response

Answer 19

• Dilated pupils
• Trembling
• Pale or flushed skin
• Rapid heart beat and breathing

Question 20

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Answer 20

Our stress response system defends, then fatigues

Indicated by Hans Selye

Question 21

Functions of stress

Answer 21

• Can invigorate our lives by arousing and motivating us
• Stress keeps us SAFE

Question 22

Functions of anger

Answer 22

• Promotes survival
• Motivating
• Serves as a social and personal value indicator and regulator
• Used as a “bargaining tool” and increase cooperation
• Can alert us to injustices

Question 23

Social Determinants of Health

Answer 23

• Economic stability
• Education access and quality
• Health care access and quality
• Neighborhood and built environment
• Social and community context
• Institutionalized discrimination = chronic stress

Question 24

Emotion-focused coping skills

Answer 24

Self-care activities, involves regulating your feelings
(exercise, taking a bath, meditating)

Question 25

Problem-focused coping skills

Answer 25

Facing the problem head-on (Work on managing time, ask for support, created a to-do list)

Question 26

External locus of control

Answer 26

Attributing outcomes to such things as luck, fate, or chance ("Things happen to me," "why is it always me?," "There's nothing I can do about my future")

Question 27

Internal locus of control

Answer 27

The outcomes of actions are results of own abilities ("I determine my future," "I make things happen,")

Question 28

Social Support

Answer 28

Calms us, lowers blood pressure, reduces stress hormones Leads to strong immune functioning

Question 29

Religion

Answer 29

Healthy behaviors Social support Positive emotions Overall better health

Question 30

Influences on well-being

Answer 30

Emotional ups and downs tend to balance out over the long run We overestimate the duration of our emotions and underestimate our resiliency

Question 31

Adaptation level phenomenon

Answer 31

Tendency to form judgments relative to our prior experience

Question 32

Relative deprivation

Answer 32

Perception that one is worse off than those in comparison

Question 33

Happiness is not related to...

Answer 33

Age, gender, physical attractiveness

Question 34

Schizophrenia

Answer 34

The mind's split from reality Only 1 in 7 make full recovery

Question 35

Positive symptoms (schizophrenia)

Answer 35

Inappropriate behaviors are present (adding)

Question 36

Negative symtoms (schizophrenia)

Answer 36

Appropriate behaviors are absent (taking way)

Question 37

Hallucinations

Answer 37

False perceptions See, hear, feel, taste, smell Most often voices that give orders

Question 38

Delusions

Answer 38

False beliefs Paranoid tendencies Selective attention

Question 39

Schizophrenia: Brain Abnormalities

Answer 39

Dopamine overactivity (pos. symtoms) Abnormal activity (low in frontal lobes) Abnormal anatomy (enlarged fluid filled ventricles)

Question 40

Prenatal environment (schizophrenia)

Answer 40

Low birth weight, maternal diabetes, older mom, and oxygen deprivation at delivery Fetal viral infections

Question 41

Dissociative Disorders

Answer 41

Controversial and rare Conscious awareness dissociates

Question 42

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Answer 42

2 or more distinct personalities They deny awareness of each other

Question 43

Personality Disorders

Answer 43

Inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

Question 44

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Answer 44

Lower emotional intelligence Impulsive Reduced activation to witnessing danger