Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychological Trauma > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What did Charcot want to find, and how?

A

wanted to understand the cause of hysteria as a neurological disorder. used hypnosis to “prove” it is a biological condition of science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did Freud and Breuer come up with and why?

A

the “talking cure” to show hysteria is a product of the mind to get insight regarding repressed memories and catharsisss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

catharsis

A

an emotional outpouring that emerges with new insight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

hysteria

A

catch all category for physical and behavioral difficulties that can’t be explained medically (equivalent to fibromyalgia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fixation

A

stuck in a prior stage of development. now called developmental stunting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which side of the brain is trauma imprinted on?

A

left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

stress

A

Taxing, day becomes harder, affects thinking, affects affect (way you feel in a given moment). Positive and negative stressors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Traumatic Stress

A

an exposure to acute (threat to physical and/or psychological integrity) violence. You feel like you will never be the same again.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Traumatized

A

an outcome. a PERSISTING impact(s) of exposure to traumatic stress. has to last longer than 30 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

dissociation

A

moment when the brain unplugs and becomes fuzzy. very common.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

depersonalization

A

you lose a sense of your body. its there, but you can’t feel it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

derealization

A

the outside world feels unreal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

dissociative amnesia

A

a lesssposnes to an (acute, sexual assault, or cues) event. absence of memory for a specific period of time or responses to certain cues (usually a person)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A

some controversy around it. its real. people aren’t always aware of it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

who is father of neurology and “Napoleon of Neuroses”

A

Jean-Martin Charcot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Repression

A

Freud. fundamental psychological defense where the mind removes materials from conscious awareness. it sa fundamental problem caused by overwhelming stressors that were pushed out of consciousness. still has many effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aetiology of Hysteria

A
  1. traumatic stress, especially childhood sexual abuse, can causes mental illness.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

who established psychoanalytic theory

A

Freud and Breuer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the stages of psychosexual theory?

A

oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oral Psychosexual Stage

A

infancy. development of the Id. pleasure principle. purpose: ensures survival. environmental variables: failed gratification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

anal psychosexual stage

A

18months- 3 years old. ego. reality principle. purpose: negotiates Id vs. world. environmental variable: potty training.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

phallic psychosexual stage

A

3-6/7 years old. superego. morality principle. purpose: morality values (also develop moral standards of the oedipal/Electra complex.) environmental variables: fear of the Oedipal and Electra complex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

latency psychosexual stage

A

6/7-pubescent. no personality development. no associated principle. purpose: further growth of the Id, ego, and superego. environmental variables: socialization, academic skills, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

genital psychosexual stage

A

pubescent-death. no personality development. no associated principle. purpose: further growth of id, ego, and superego. environmental variables: finding mate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Tabula Rasa
John Locke. we are born as a blank slate. knowledge comes from experience and perception.
26
what happens when the autonomic nervous system activates?
fear.
27
neutral stimulus
stimulus to which the individual experiences no particular response. classical conditioning
28
unconditioned response
a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response without any previous training or conditioning. classical conditioning
29
unconditioned response
a reflexive response that does not depend upon previous conditioning or learning. classical conditioning
30
conditioning stimulus
a stimulus that comes to elicit a reflexive (conditioned) response due to pairing with a stimulus that already elicits the same response. classical conditoning
31
classical conditioning
most fundamental form of learning. previously neutral stimulus is linked to another variable, which leads to learning.
32
typical difference between classical and operant conditioning
when we make choices regarding behavior, we are dealing with operant conditioning now.
33
daddy of operant conditioning
Berrhus Franklin Skinner
34
reinforcement
ALWAYS increases the target behavior
35
positive reinforcement
presentation of a stimulus that increases the likelihood that a behavior will recur
36
negative reinforcement
response results in the removal of a negative reinforcer, i.e., undesired variable
37
stimulus generalization
increased responding due to the presentation of a variable that is similar to the initial stimulus
38
extinction
decline in a behavior in the absence of the reinforcer or conditioned stimulus
39
social learning theorist observation
not all human behavior can be explained by conditioning. other variables should be considered.
40
3 primary areas of interest of social learning
observational learning, cognitive processes, and motivation
41
cognitive processes
emphasizes that we gain knowledge from out interactions I the environment. latent learning allows us to apply abstract information for situation when needed. social learning
42
cognitive map
mental représentation of the environment. social learning
43
observational learning
how we learn when we watch a model of something. not a result of direct reinforcement, but from seeing reinforcement that emerges from others' behaviors. social learning
44
motivation
inferred process within a person or animal that causes that individual to move. social learning
45
locus of control
an expectation about whether the result of one's actions are under one's own control
46
external locus of control
believes actions are beyond one's control
47
internal locus of control
believe actions are under one's control
48
how does locus of control affect trauma
those with internal locus of control do better in healing than those with external locus of control.
49
Adverse Childhood Experiences Study
assessed the relationship between adult health risk behaviors and childhood abuse and household dysfunction. magic numbers are 4 and 6.
50
ACES Score Etiology Pyramid. put them in the right order: early death; social, emotional and cognitive impairment; diseases, disability, and social problems; disrupted neurodevelopment; adoption of health-risk behaviors; and adverse childhood experiences
starts with adverse childhood experiences; then disrupted neurodevelopment; then social emotional and cognitive impairment; adoption of health-risk behaviors; disease, disability, and social problems; and finally an early death
51
biopsychosocial explanations
traumatic stress leaves physiological impacts that are not sufficiently explained by psychological theories
52
how is the brain organized?
bottom to top, inside to outside
53
bottom to top: diencephalon, neocortex, limbic, and brainstem
bottom: brainstem, diencephalon, limbic, and then neocortex is at the top
54
brainstem
sleep and attention, "brain's pace maker"
55
diencephalon (and cortex)
motor control and coordination
56
cerebellum
coordination, balance, walking, posture
57
4 parts of the limbic system (for the class
amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, and hippocampus
58
amygdala
emotional salience of information (especially survival oriented information)
59
thalamus
sorting station, "central post office" for incoming information from the body. trauma is re-experienced as fragments when there is no functioning.
60
hypothalamus
interacts with the ANS to regulate homeostatic functioning
61
hippocampus
memory formation, long-term memory
62
What are the parts of the cortex?
frontal, temporal, partial, and occipital
63
frontal lobe
motor planning and execution, executive functioning
64
temporal lobe
auditory and olfactory centre, memory, language, and emotion
65
parietal lobe
somatosensory, spatial formation
66
occipital lobe
visual
67
Low Road
faster pathway. includes the amygdala (smoke detector) which cautions for danger, then to the hypothalamus, which releases a cascade of hormones- "fight-flight-freeze" response. activates the stress response system
68
High Road
slower pathway (a couple milliseconds). thalamus, then the hippocampus, then the anterior cingulate, then the prefrontal cortex
69
Stress response System
The Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis. regulates the stress response. hypothalamus: releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). the CRH signals the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) into the bloodstream. ACTH travels to the adrenal gland where it prompts the release of cortisol in the adrenal cortex. cortisol is the "stress hormone" because it is involved in supporting the body when we experience stress
70
Cortisol
"stress hormone". increases blood glucose.
71
adrenaline/epinephrine
essential f-f dilates airways, constricts blood vessels, decrease pain perception, hyper-awareness/focus, increases physical strength
72
noreadrenaline/norepinephrine
assists in creating energy needed to defend yourself: increases heart rate, breaks down fat, and increases glucose levels
73
Hebb's Principle
what fires together wires together. each time we relive, pathways are strengthened
74
dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex
"guard in the watchtower" allows people to discern actual threat or anger versus normal things (frown = angry or gassy?)
75
when did PTSD get added to the DSM?
1980 and DSM-3
76
when does extinction work? for what types of trauma?
it only works for mild-moderate trauma. it will not work for severe trauma.
77
Meyers
"shell shock" from WWI. male hysterics. Freud's talking cure worked, leading tothe birth of talk therapies.
78
Charles Davenport
believed behavior and intelligence can be passed down through generations. believed genetics can explain traits in human beings (like nomadism or intelligence). believed traits are linked with behavior (low intelligence= poverty) and these traits are inherited and unchanging.
79
Henry Goddard
made IQ tests to sort soldiers by intelligence. believed intelligence is inherited.

Psychological Trauma (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions