Exam 2

Question 1

Multiaxial System

Answer 1

an academic tool to summarize the key pieces of information regarding an individual succinctly and thoroughly (not used in the DSM)

Question 2

Axis I in the Multiaxial System

Answer 2

curable, transient disorders (basically all diagnoses that aren’t personality or neurodevelopment disorders.

Question 3

Axis II in the Multiaxial System

Answer 3

neurodevelopmental and personality disorders. long standing/lifelong disorders

Question 4

Axis III in the Multiaxial System

Answer 4

medical difficulties. transient AND longstanding, as even transient medical difficulties can influence mental health and symptoms

Question 5

Axis IV in the Multiaxial System

Answer 5

environmental stressors. anything in the outside world can impact the world

Question 6

Axis V in the Multiaxial System

Answer 6

GAF (0=not enough information. 1-100, absence of difficulties-completely impaired. 60 is the cutoff for impairment)

Question 7

JM Charcot

Answer 7

policies and science etiology of hysteria

Question 8

S Freud

Answer 8

Etiology and cure of hysteria, childhood sexual abuse, traumatic memory vs. normal memory, unconscious

Question 9

J Breuer

Answer 9

Talking cure, Freud mentor, Anna O., cathartic method

Question 10

Pierre Janet

Answer 10

Clinician, Salpetriere, 1st; dissociation, subconscious, transference, PTSD= “vehement emotions”. believed traumatic memory is not condensed or flexible and is modified by other memory stores, time, experiences, fluidity, and the self

Question 11

Janet’s “Dissociation”

Answer 11

refers to isolated memory fragments. slow decline in functioning.

Question 12

Normal memory

Answer 12

integrates elements of each experience into continuous flow of self-experience by complex process of association. narrative reflects brain’s need for coherence. details change over Time, sense of the past when recalling or retelling

Question 13

Traumatic memory

Answer 13

triggers. memory is reliving. no condensation over time. fragmented narrative. gaps in recall.

Question 14

Traumatic Memory and the Brain: Thalamus

Answer 14

inefficient central post office leads to a chain reaction

Question 15

Traumatic Memory and the Brain: Hippocampus

Answer 15

memory center: matches incoming data with stored data. impacted by an inefficient central post office. poorly packaged data contributes to fragmentation

Question 16

Traumatic Memory and the Brain: Broca’s Area

Answer 16

cannot put thoughts and feelings into words: speechless terror

Question 17

Traumatic Memory and the Brain: Medial Prefrontal Cortex (MPFC)

Answer 17

guard in the watchtower slows down so cannot decipher the meaning of the alarm set off by the smoke detector/amygdala

Question 18

Traumatic Memory and the Brain: Hypothalamus

Answer 18

initiates fight-flight via pituitary gland. hormones (especially adrenaline/epinephrine), in turn, influence memory

Question 19

Stress Response System

Answer 19

the brain requires repetitive, appropriately arousing stimulation to develop well. it can lead to dysfunction in all four brain areas if poorly regulated.

Question 20

what is the heritability of IQ?

Answer 20

0.50 (environment and genetics are equally important)

Question 21

which OCEAN is most associated with higher IQs? why?

Answer 21

openness to new experiences. curiosity and seeking new experiences engage in activities and interests that raise IQ

Question 22

attunement

Answer 22

reactiveness we have to another person. It is the process by which we form relationships.

Question 23

What are the attachment styles?

Answer 23

secure and anxious (subcategories: ambivalent, avoidant, and disorganized)

Question 24

What is the point of attachment and what is it?

Answer 24

its a psychological bond between parent and child. it keeps the caregiver near the child, increasing survival. its genetically driven and a product of the environment

Question 25

who created the attachment styles and when?

Answer 25

John Bowlby, 1950

Question 26

Secure Attachment

Answer 26

roughly 2/3 of children. inner template: people, and the world, are predictable and safe. others will come to your aid effectively when needs emerge. it supports self regulation and derived from psychological attunement

Question 27

Secure Attachment: biologically

Answer 27

regulation of the CNS and promotes physical health

Question 28

Secure Attachment: psychologically

Answer 28

creates a sense of security, promotes autonomy and psychological health

Question 29

Secure Attachment: environments

Answer 29

physical safety

Question 30

Ambivalent Attachment: indicators

Answer 30

seeks comfort, nurturing when distress but remains anxious when it is provided. uncertain that people will be present and/or helpful when needed. the world isn't necessarily safe or predictable. things can go from good to bad at any point.

Question 31

what type of care is ambivalent attachment related to?

Answer 31

inconsistent care

Question 32

Avoidant Attachment: Indicators

Answer 32

does not seek comfort when distressed, behavior withdrawal, may attempt to self sooth. people may or may not be present when needed and if they're present, they won't be helpful. work and people are potentially harsh and harmful.

Question 33

what type of care is avoidant attachment related to?

Answer 33

harsh, critical, rejecting care

Question 34

Disorganized Attachment: Indicators

Answer 34

may not seek comfort or seeks comfort in confusing, ineffective ways. when in pain, they believe others will make things worse. world and people are harsh, potentially harmful place

Question 35

what type of care is disorganized attachment related to?

Answer 35

abusive parenting

Question 36

Impacts of abuse on the self

Answer 36

compromised self-worth and self-esteem. children tend to be self-centered (due to lack of physiological development and social exposure) which turns to guilt or being fundamentally flawed when they face chronic abuse/neglect.

Question 37

Impacts of Abuses on Safety and Autonomy

Answer 37

trusting is difficult and the world is unsafe. tends to shut down in reference to others (greater risk of low biological tolerance for stress and others are inherently stressful). children may seek out inappropriate care.

Question 38

Developmental Path with Abuse

Answer 38

sets stage for continued difficulty during adolescence and adulthood. relationships are problematic and school/work behaviors are problematic because they are distracted by psychological symptoms, lack sense of safety, and (non)intrusive thoughts about abuse