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Env. Biology > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fundamental Niche

A

theorotical perfect role or position that a species or organism could occupy in its environment.

Potential idealized ecological niche

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2
Q

Realized Niche

A

The niche the organism occupies.

theACTUAL role or position that a species or organism occupies and functions within its environment

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3
Q

Primary Succession

A

Starts from bare rock. EX: Lichen, Moss, Grass, Shrubs, Forests

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4
Q

Secondary Succession

A

Existing soil (Most common)

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5
Q

Ecology

A

(Eco) comes from the Greek word Oikos - The House.

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6
Q

Biome

A

Regional Eco

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7
Q

ECO: Community

A

association of different populations that interact in an ecosystem.
ex. Savannah

different species that interac

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8
Q

ECO: Biosphere

A

living sphere

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9
Q

Phytoplankton

A
  • plant like
  • photosynthesize
  • microscopic algae
  • base of food chain
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10
Q

Zooplankton

A
  • Animal like plankton
  • eats phytoplankton
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11
Q

Photosynthesis

A

green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy

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12
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

bacterir and archae algae’s
geothermal vents

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13
Q

Food Chains

A

In the flow of energy only 10% transfers and 90% is lost

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14
Q

Food Webs

A

Represents interlocking food chains that connect all organisms in an ecosystem

all the different animals and plants in a place are connected through who eats whom

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15
Q

Heat

A

Infrared radiation

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16
Q

Primary Consumers

A

herbivores
deers and rabbits

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17
Q

Secondary Consumers

A

Carnivores
Snakes and spiders

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18
Q

Decomposers / Saprotrophs

A

Fungi and bacteria

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19
Q

Producers

A

Uses photosynthesis to create their food.
Needs light energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

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20
Q

Consumers / Heterotrophs

A

consumes another organism.

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21
Q

Hydrothermal Vents

A

bacteria is found here.
emit extremely hot mineral water

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22
Q

Krakatoa

A

an existent primary succession example.
broken into tropical rainforest.

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23
Q

Keystone Species

A

A species that exerts profound influence on a community.

  • top of the food chain
    -more important to the community
    -Ex. Orca
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24
Q

Yellowstone

A

Idaho
Wyoming
Montana

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25
Symbiosis
an intimate relationship between 2 or more species where the participants may be benefited, harmed, or unaffected by the relationship. the result of coevolution
26
Mutualism
2 species working together, coevolution (evolve together), like the honeybee and a flowering plant
27
Parasitism
one organism is helped and the other hurt.
28
Competitive Exclusion
- One species excludes another from a portion of the same niche as a result of competition for resources. - Interspecific competition - One is outcompeting the other.
29
Intraspecific
Competition between individuals in a population. - same species
30
Interspecific
Competition between individuals in 2 different species. - different species
31
TCC: Photosynthesis
comes from both aquatic and terrestrial algae
32
TCC: Respiration
CO2 put into the atmosphere.
33
TCC: Combustion
human or natural; natural > forest; fire in forest caused by lighting. - can also put co2 in the atmosphere.
34
TCC: Decomposition
can also put CO2 in the atmosphere
35
TCC: Marine Plankton
comes from both coal and natural gas
36
Bioluminescence
Used to... Attract mates + food Escape communicate
37
Tundra
Permafrost Grey Wolf
38
Taiga
Conifer - cone bearing
39
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Oak, Hickory trees Hartwood North or Mid East
40
Chaparral
Mediterranean Climate Mild, Moist winters Hot, dry summers Mule, deer, chipmunks evergreen shrubs thin soil; often not fertile | Socal , Greece
41
Savannah
Large mammal herds herbivores
42
Tropical Rain Forests
warm, moist productive biome ancient, weathered - poor soil 2 distinc canapy layers insects, reptiles
43
Estuaries
Where salt and fresh water meets
44
Benthic Environment
bottom of the ocean
45
Neritic Province
shallow, open ocean 200 meters or less
46
Oceanic province
deep sea
47
Coral Reef
has the highest species diversity
48
Corals (from the movie)
mutualism between Nigerian pala and singe cell phytoplankton - extremely aggressive - eat each other at night
49
Emerging Diseases
Not previously observed in humans and usually jumps from animal host. ex. Aids, Lyme Disease, West Nile Virus
50
Re-Emerging diseases
existed in the past and recently increasing in incidence. ex. Tuberculosis, yellow fever, malaria
51
Persistence
a characteristic of certain chemicals that are extremely stable and may take may years to be broken down into simpler forms by natural processes. ex. DDT
52
Bioaccumulation
The buildup of a persistent toxic substance in an organism body, often in fatty tissues. - accumulates in body, moves through chains, and increase concentration.
53
Biomagnification
The increased concentration of toxic chemicals in the tissue of organisms that are at higher levels in food webs. - single chemicals moving through a chain -diagram of ddt
54
Endocrine Disruptors
- Alters hormone production - Damages testosterone in males and progesterone in females
55
Toxicant
Chemical with adverse human health effects Adverse toxic response at a certain dose
56
Carcinogen
- Causes cancer - Not all synthetic; some biological - Damages DNA
57
Synergistic Dilution Paradigm
The solution to pollution is dilution.
58
Synergistic
Deadly; not necessarily carcinogenic
59
Typhoon
The benefit of the reef; allows for diversity.
60
Pipe Fish
Male hold unto its eggs till they hatch allowing for the female to create eggs twice as fast
61
Largest fish in the ocean
Whale shark
62
Decomposition of a whale...
Carcasses take many years to decompose.
63
ECO: Population
individuals from the same species
64
Pioneer Community
in Primary; Lichen
65

Env. Biology (3 decks)

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