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Env. Biology > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Renewable Resource

A

can be used theoretically for everything
water is not evenly distributed but renewable

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2
Q

Consumption Overpopulation

A

the population is consuming more than then other populations aligned on earth

ex. USA makes up 20% but consumes 80%

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3
Q

People Overpopulation

A

overcrowded by numbers, limited resources, life expectancy is about or less 40%

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4
Q

Birth Rate

A

rapid growth if a country has more births than deaths
Nigeria

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5
Q

Death Rate

A

decline in growth when death rates are higher than birth rates
Germany

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6
Q

Slow growth

A

0 population growth when birth rates and death rates are the same.
USA
number of individuals being added to the population is not increasing rapidly over time.

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7
Q

Rate of Natural Increase

A

a measure of population growth that considers births and deaths within a population

A higher rate of natural increase implies faster population growth, while a lower rate suggests slower growth or even a decrease in population size.

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8
Q

Biotic Potential

A

where a population can increase if conditions are ideal

shape at the curve looks like the letter j
maximum rate at

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9
Q

Environmental Resistance

A

the factors in an ecosystem that limit the growth of a population

competition for resources

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10
Q

Exponential Population Growth

A

a rapid increase in the size of a population over time

growth remains constant and the population doubles in size at regular intervals.

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11
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

largest population sustained for an indefinite period of time in a particular environment as long as it doesn’t change.

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12
Q

K-Strategy

A

organism like humans, mammals that care for their young.
larger body
under low reproductive rates

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13
Q

R- Strategy

A

organism that have fast reproductive cycles that mature very rapidly
have life short life span
fish, insects. sea turtle

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14
Q

Density - Dependent Factors

A

affect the population stability based on density,
when it gets high, predation is needed as a factor that is affected by density when it;s high we do well, but when it’s low density predators starve

ex. diseases, pandemics

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15
Q

Density - Independent Factors

A

ex. tidal waves, asteroids, volcanic erruption

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16
Q

Demography

A

graphs of age control
rapid, slow and decline
by age, sex, and peope in millions

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17
Q

Replacement- Level Fertility

A

2.1 rate
two parents two children?
if one is lost then you’ll miss replacement facility.
one child below replacement

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18
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

over time, 300 million years by layers of sediment accumulated over the dead plant material.

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19
Q

Non-Renewable Sources

A

can’t be replenished in a reasonable amount of time and supply can’t be met due it to not being replenished fast enough.
ex. fossil fuels

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20
Q

Natural Gas

A

a fossil fuel that comes from underground, mainly composed of methane and is used for energy like heating and electricity

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21
Q

Anthracite

Study These Flashcards
A

mine
deep shaft mining
a mile or more into earth
oldest and purest
burns the hottest

22
Q

Bituminous Coal

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A

not the deepest just above anthracite.
easily extracted
most used
dirtiest
very dark

23
Q

Lignite Coal

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A

brown
soft
wetter then bituminous not as wet as peat

24
Q

Black Lung Disease

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A

associated w/ anthracite or deep shaft mining operations.
the small particles block the ability for gases to exchange across the cardiovascular system to the breathing.
common in miners.
will lead to cancer.
under osha, miners are to wear PPE mask

25
Strip Mining
bituminous, most popular
26
Subsurface Mining
deep into earth anthracite lignite
27
Acid Deposition
occurs when large amount of sulfur dioxide is released in the atmosphere when coal is burning. when breathing a high dose it can be deadly to the lungs.
28
Scrubbers
devices that help clean pollutants and harmful chemicals from industrial emissions or smokestacks to reduce air pollution
29
Crude Oil
comes from microscopic- plankton. they have oil and when they die they settle to the bottom of the ocean creating sedimentation creating crude oil; natural gas, comes from green organisms.
30
Fission
Splitting uranium 235 and capturing the energy to boil water to create steam, and turn electrical power ------------------------------------ Chain reaction splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller fragments followed by the release of a large amount of energy,
31
Fusion
uses the lightest element on earth; hydrogen fussed together to create helium in a fusion reactor which is 4 times more energetic Joining of two lightweight atomic nuclei Fuel = isotopes of hydrogen pros: No high level waste fuel is hydrogen cons: Takes high temps. confines plasme
32
Enrichment
purifying and enriching uranium to increase the concentration of U235
33
Control Rod
used to regulate rate of fission if pushed down the process is slowed, less electrical power, if pulled up it speed the process 90 control rods must be kept at all times
34
Hydropower
Form of renewable energy reliant on flowing or falling water to generate mechanical energy or electricity if the equalizer allows it to run.... can destruct the ecosystems silk can build up at the bottom and block the system.
35
Chernobyl
many mistakes: Human error water and steam instead of graphite moderator did not use a containment top in ukraine 1986
36
High Level Radioactive Waste
nuclear waste in nuclear weapon, or power facilites
37
Low Level Radioactive Waste
nuclear waste from research labs, unis, hospitals
38
Active Solar Heating
how to het water heater black shield on the roof that facing south orientation but rather than creating electricity they have tubes within them that water flows through like a radiator and when the sun hits the shield the tubes hits the water and has other f=devices that increase the flow. merely heating water, fluids or air mass
39
Passive Solar Heating
heating greenhouses, pools or sun houses energy is penetrating into the water of the pool or into the greenhouse and keeping it warm because it can't radiate back out or it gets trapped.
40
Solar Thermal Heating/ Electric Generation
generates electricity from the heat of the sun special systems are used to focus sunlight and create steam which drives turbines to produce electricity
41
Photovoltaic
generates electrical current shields are semiconductors so when the energy of the sun hits the material photovoltaic shields excites the electrons which causes a flow of electricity and the flow generates the power for the system.
42
Fuel Cell
a battery that generates electricity by combining hydrogen and oxygen. produces electricity w/o burning fuel env. friendly
43
Wind Power
common in mountain passes North Sea Area needs a lot of space and can be disruptive to the ecosystem kills large birds of prey
44
Biomass Methane
found in landfills where the trash and organic materials buried become anaerobic and produces methane gas used to power electricity sent to the power grid.
45
Geothermal
practical in areas where there in molten material and there is core that is near water. ground water systems below being heated. geothermal water is very toxic
46
Biomass (alcohol)
the alcohol is ethenyl, mainly in the USA and made out of corn. used for fuel
47
Age Distibution Curves
number in millions, age and sex shows how a population is spread out in terms of different age groups.
48
Kerosene
1850 pan oil in the US; main source of fuel from crude oil; kerosene used for lights.
49
Peat
made out of decayed plant material and is can be used as fuel or in gardening forms in waterlogged areas like swamps
50
Reserve
a material that can be extracted profitably with existing technology under present economic conditions what you're willing to buy within your affordability
51
Resource
all of the resources from a substance that can be extract and processed that can be sold to consumers willing to buy.
52
Sulfur Dioxide
a gas produced when things like coal and oil are burn harmful to the environment and human health causes acid rain

Env. Biology (3 decks)

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