exam 1 Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
4 D’s
A
- deviance
- distress
- dysfunction
- danger
2
Q
deviance
A
different, extreme, unusual - away from baseline
3
Q
distress
A
unpleasant and upsetting to the person (anxiety)
4
Q
dysfunction
A
interferring with the persons ability to conduct daily activities in a constuctive way
5
Q
danger
A
posing risk or harm
6
Q
limitations for deviance
A
- cultural differences
- cut off points- whats considered norml
- reason - disorder (mental) or disease
7
Q
limitations for distress
A
- grief
- school stress
8
Q
limitations of dysfunction
A
- disability/ physical impairment
- hangover
9
Q
limitations for danger
A
most disorders arent dangerous
speeding, smoking
10
Q
demonological model
A
anything super natural
-mental disorders is witch craft or being prossessed
11
Q
medical model
A
backed by medicine
12
Q
asylums (15-20th centuries)
A
psychiatric hospitals how vs how their were
-basic needs were neglected
13
Q
moral therapy movement
A
if you treat people and them happy, they will get better
14
Q
deinstitutionalizations
A
start to get medications that people can take to help- outside insitutions
-push to get out of hosptials
15
Q
1960 community health act
A
local low cost options for people to get treatment within their communties
-cost a lot of money
16
Q
challenges of research
A
ethical and validity
17
Q
ethical issues
A
rights of participants
-informed consent
-condidentiality
-experimental research
18
Q
internal validity
A
cause and effect
19
Q
external validity
A
generalizability - do they look like real world results
- how well do they apply to real people
20
Q
qualitative method
A
interview and case studies
21
Q
quantitative method
A
statistics
22
Q
sample
A
small group taken from population
the participant use for study
-random assigment
23
Q
variable
A
the particular attribute that is being researched
24
Q
population
A
entire group that is interested in learning the experience tested
25
random selection
everyone has an equal chance at being selected
-increases external validity
26
correlational mehod
measures degree to which events or characterisitics vary with each other
27
benefits of correlation
-replicable
-generalizability
-gives equal ideas for future
-allows for studying things that cannot be manipulated
28
correlation does not have good ____ validity
internal validity
29
problems with correlations
directionality
third variable problem
30
experimental method
supports causation when well done
- one variable is manipulated and the effect on another variable is observed
31
manipulated variable
independent variable
32
variable being observed
dependent variable
33
3 ways to guard against confounds
1. control group - no treatment
2. random assignment = equal chance be in either group
3. blind design
34
hypothesis
statement about the cause of event or about the relationship between 2 events
35
analogue experiement
involves stimulating a real life situation under controlled conditions
36
attrition
some people drop out over time
37
cross sectional study
involves examining different groups of people at one point of time
38
cohort effects
children in different ages are raised at different eras
39
goal of random assignment
elimate pre existing group differences
40
matched groups
use variables and match based on variables w equal number of people in each variable
41
prevalance
total number of cases in a given period
42
incidence
number of new cases that emerge in a given period
43
kinship studies
used to determine genetic factors in disorders
44
concordance rates
% likelihood that you will be diagnosed with a disorder if a family member has it
45
family studies
look at people over time (family tree)
46
adoptee studies
the strongest kineship study
-compare pairs of persons, e.g., adopted child and adoptive mother or adopted child and b
47
model of abnormality
set of assumptions about where mental health disorders, why they exist
48
biological perspective
medical model
- look at anatomy and chemistry
-genetic causes
49
strength of biological perspective
1. lots of research
2. treatments actually work
50
weakness of biological perspective
side effects of treatment
over relied upon
51
psychodynamic model
oldest model
-development stages
-persons personality behvavior is based on dynamic forces
- structures of identity (id, ego, superego)
- defense mechanisms
52
therapies for psychodynamic model
insight oriented
traditional pyschoanalysis
-fee asscociation
53
defense mechanism
1.denial
2. rationalzing
3. displacement
4. reaction formation
5. sublimation
54
denial
refusing to acceptance something threatening
55
rationalization
justifying unacceptable behavior
56
displacement
directing impulses toward threatening objects into less threatening objects
57
reaction formation
taking opposite position of threatening impulses
58
sublimation
channeling impulse into more acceptable behaviors
(art - putting emotions into painting)
59
strengths of cognitive model
make sense to clients
-recognizable and portable and can research
- effective
60
weaknesses to cognitive model
we dont know exactly what role cognitive plays into our mental health
-sometimes therapy doesnt help everyone
-not the right thing to change cognitive thoughts
61
ABC approuch
A= activiting event
b= belief
c= consequences
62
cognitive behavioral model
combines the cognitive model and the behavioral model to be how thoughtd and behaviors interact
63
rogers humanistic approach
belief about self acceptance
-focus on drive to self actualization through honest and non judgment
64
unconditional positive regard leads to
unconditional self regard
65
conditional positive regard leads to
conditional of worth
66
strength of humanistic approach
1. taps into positive domain = first theory on the person and what promotes instead of elimanting distress
2. big impact on clinical practice
67
weakness of humanistic approach
1. focus on abstracting issues
2. rejected theory at first - way to simplistic
68
sociocultural model
argue that abnormal belief is best understood in light of social and cultural forces that influence on individual
69
sociocultural model is comprised as 2 major perspectives
1. family social perspective
2. cultural perspective
70
social explantion and family explanation
social explanations and social labels and roles - being labeled can make symptoms worses
-social connections and supports
and family structures and roles
71
culture
set of values, attitudes, beliefs, history, and behaviors shared by a group of people
72
psychodynamic therapies strengths
emphasize negative consquences of child maltreatment and parenting
-focus on providing better enviroment for children
-defense mechanisms
73
psychodynamic therapies weakness
little date exists
difficult to measure
74
behavioral model
focuesd on nuture
-concentrations on behaviors nd enviroment factors
includes classical conditioning, operate conditioning, modeling
75
classical conditioning
unconditional stimulus = uncondition response
turns to conditional stimulus = conditioned response
76
operant conditioning
different behaviors are reinforced which shapes on going behaviors
77
positive reinforcement
addition of something present upon competing desired behavior
78
negative reinforcement
removal of something unpleasant upon completed desired behavior
-do something to prevent consequence
79
positive punishment
addition of something unpleasant upon completing undesired behavior
-putting a child into time out for hitting
80
negative punishment
removal of something pleasant upon completing undesired behavior
-taking away a phone for lying
81
behavioral therapies
aim to identify the behaviors that are causing problems
82
id
portion of the personality that is present at birth
seek immediate gratification
-pleasure principle
83
ego
organized, rational system that uses higher order thinking processes to obtain gratification
-reality principle - thinking it through
84
