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abnormal psych > exam 4 > Flashcards

exam 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

long term effects of substance use

A

substance use disorder
psychological dependence
physical dependence

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2
Q

short term effects of substance use

A

intoxication
potential hallucinations

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3
Q

2 forms of physical dependence

A

tolerance and withdrawl

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4
Q

substance use criteria

A
  • take in larger amounts over a longer period of time than intented
  • persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down on use
  • time spent in activities necessary to obtain substance
  • unable to fulfill obligations
  • continues use depsite consequences
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5
Q

highest rate of substance use in

A

native Americans
lowest in asian americans

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6
Q

depressants

A

slows activity of the central nervous system
-reduce tension and inhibitions

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7
Q

3 most widely used depressants

A

sedative-hypnotic drugs
opioids
alcohol

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8
Q

binge drinking

A

occurs when people drink five or more drinks on a single occasion

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9
Q

how does alcohol work

A

binds to neurons, helps GABA shut down neurons and causes relaxation

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10
Q

stimulants

A

increase activity in central nervous system
- causes increase in blood pressure, heart rate, alertness

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11
Q

common stimulants

A

cocaine
amphetamines
caffeine
nicotine

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12
Q

caffeine acts as a stimulant by

A

producing releases of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine

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13
Q

hallucinogens

A

produce delusions hallucinations, other sensory distortions

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14
Q

sociocultural views for substance use

A

family environment
social environment
cultural back ground
stressful socioeconomic conditions

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15
Q

psychological causes: cognitive behavioral view

A

Self: medication hypothesis - deal with unpleasant symptoms and turn to medication.

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16
Q

psychological causes: behaviorist

A

operant conditioning - actions that are followed by reinforcement will be strengthened and more likely to occur again in the future
- increase the likelihood of drinking because it relaxes, decreases feelings, decreases social anxiety, increases consequences

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17
Q

psychological causes: cognitive theorist

A

rewards produce expectancy that substances will be rewarding

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18
Q

biological view of substance use

A

genetic predisposition
- dopamine 2 receptor gene

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19
Q

biological views: biochemical factors

A

dopamine
incentive - sensitization theory
reward - deficiency syndrome

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20
Q

stages of change

A
  1. precontemplation = dont think you have a problem
  2. contemplation: acknowledge that there is a problem but doesn’t do anything about it
  3. preparation = planning for behavior change
  4. action - doing it
  5. maintenance = consistently doing the plan
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21
Q

types of therapy ; behavioral therapy

A

classical and operant conditioning
- aversion therapy, contingency management

-doesnt really work for substance use

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22
Q

types of therapy : cognitive behavioral therapy

A

self control strategies
- ABC
- antecedents - environment, seeing others drink
behaviors - drinking
consqeunces - hungover, anxiety, work and relationship issues

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23
Q

types of therapy : biological therapy for substance abuse

A

detoxification
aversion therapy drugs
drug maintenance therapy - hard drugs
usually not enough on your own

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24
Q

types of therapy: sociocultural approaches for substance abuse

A

self-help programs - can be incredibly helpful if you find the right one
community prevention programs - DARE

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25
abstinence-only therapy
abstain from all substances
26
Harm Reduction
seeks to reduce the health and social harms associated with addiction and substance use, without necessarily requiring people who use substances from abstaining or stopping.
27
psychosis
a state defined by loss of contact with reality hallucinations - sensory delusions - thoughts and beliefs
28
criteria for schizophrenia
delusions hallucinations disorganized speech grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior negative symptoms present for at least 6 months not due to other physical or psychological causes
29
what class is schizophrenia highest in
poverty
30
downward drift theory
people drift downward into poverty once they are diagnosed with schizophrenia
31
stress of poverty theory
those who are more stressed will develop the disorder -those who are in poverty are more stressed
32
three phases of schizophrenia
prodromal active residual
33
prodromal
early signs and symptoms, don't know the difference between hallucinations and reality
34
active
psychotic break
35
residual
remaining symptoms - looks like prodomal
36
positive symptoms of schizophrenia:
additions of not typical behaviors -things you do in a psychosis that you dont do normally - delusions - disordered thinking and speech - neologism (making up words) clang - combining words that sound the same (rope and soap)
37
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
take away things you do normally experience but arent - reduce words in talking when usually talkative - restricted affect - almost robotic like - loss of volition - lack of motivtion - social withdrawal
38
psychomotor symptoms of schizophrenia
awkward movements repeated grimances odd gestures extreme form of catatonia - rigidity, lack of repsonsivness
39
common delusions
being controlled persecution grandjur - belief you are special
40
who is most likely to recover?
those who seek treatment early those who have support abrupt onset later onset onset caused by stress
41
cause of schizophrenia: biological
genetics abnormal brain structure - smaller amounts of grey matter, abnormal flow to the brain, smaller temporal and frontal lobes
42
cause of schizophrenia: psychological
cognitive model suggest that schizophrenia may be caused by problems with attention, memory, and reasoning because of symptoms Behavioral explanation: operant conditioning/ reinforcement - paying attention to your abnormal behaviors so they keep acting like that because it gives you the attention you want psychodynamic = cold mothers
43
cause of schizophrenia: socio cultural
1. multicultural factors: race and ethnicity differences 2. unintentional bias - women more likely to ve diagnostic 3. beliefs 4. differences in race and ethnicity and poverty levels pregnancy complications - prenatal exposure to viruses likelihood increases if mothers have certain illnesses
44
type 1 schizophrenia
dominated by positive symptoms - usually dopamine abnormalties
45
type 2 schizophrenia
dominated by negative symptoms - usually brain structure abnormalites
46
social labeling of schizophrenia
suggests that the features of schizophrenia are influenced by the diagnosis itself
47
treatment for antipsychotic medication
antipsychotic medication - neuroleptics and antipsychotic
48
first gen anti psychotic
neuroleptics - decrease in dopamine in certain areas in the brain
49
which medication is good for positive symptoms
neuroleptics
50
downside of neuroleptics
serious side effects- tardive dyskinesia = tick like movement, motor side effects like tremors
51
2nd generation medication for schizophrenia
antipsychotic lower risk of side effects works better with negative symptoms does more than just effect dopamine
52
psychotherapy
medication and psychotherapy can be combined w family therapy or acceptance and commitment therapy
53
community approach to treating schizophrenia
medication psychotherapy help in daily functioning guidance in decision making
54
RAISE initiative
recovery after an initial schizophrenia episode - community based treatment
55
personality
set of uniquely expressed characteristics that impact our whole lives
56
3 ps of personality
persisted, pervasive pathological
57
persisted
has been the same across time
58
pervasive
across situations w rigidity and lack of flexibility
59
pathological
problematic behaviors
60
clusters of personality disorders
1. old or eccentric behavior: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, personality disorder 2. dramatic emotional erratic: antisocial, borderline, narcissistic personality 3. anxious or fearful behaviors; avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
61
"odd" personality disorders
display symptoms somewhat similar to schizophrenia but not as extensive
62
paranoid personality disorder - odd personality
deep distrust and suspicion of others remain cold and distant critical weakness and fault in others unable to recognize their own mistakes, sensitive to criticism often blames others for problems - more men then women
63
schizotypal personality disorder
range of interpersonal problems, including extreme discomfort in case relationships -odd ways of thinking - magical thinking - difficulty w attentional focus and keeping conversations on track - resembles schizophrenia but less extensive
64
schizoid personality disorder
do not want social relationships limited emotional expression disconnected emotionally want to be alone no distress - content with how they feel
65
dramatic personalities
Histronic, narcissistic, borderline, antisocial - dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors, difficulty in relationships
66
histronic
characterized by highly dramatic, emotional, and high attention seeking - displays emotion inapproprately -vain, self centered, demanding
67
narcassistic
marked by grandiosity, and a need for admiration, lack of empathy and exaggeration of achievements and talents - typically express ideas that they are better than others, more deserving then others, more talented -often take advantage of others, because they believe they are deserving
68
causes of dramatic personality disorders: sociocultural
disorder is higher in those who need to present themselves in big ways (CEO)
69
causes of dramatic personality disorders: psychodynamic
the disorder is more present in children who were abused if needs weren't met as a child - it led to insecurity which led to a built facade that they are better than everyone
70
causes of dramatic personality disorders: cognitive behavioral
kids who are over-praised can develop this because they dont know how to deal with failure
71
treatment of dramatic personality disorders
difficult to treat, often attempts to manipulate therapist into supporting sense of superiority
72
antisocial personality disorder
psychopaths, sociopaths - persistent disregard for others rights - lies, reckless behavior, impulsivity, cruel behaviors
73
what disorder is the most linked to criminal behavior
antisocial personality disorder
74
causes of antisocial personality disorder; psychodynamic
higher risk in children w adhd and conduct disorder - abscence of parental love, therefore lack of basic trust for relationship
75
causes of antisocial personality disorder: behavioral
learned through modeling or unintentionally reinforced
76
causes of antisocial personality disorder; cognitive
hold maladaptive thoughts that trivialize the importance of other peoples needs
77
causes of antisocial personality disorder; biological
low levels of serotonin, deficient frontal lobe, functioning in the brain, lower levels of anxiety
78
treatment of antisocial personality disorder
cognitive therapy attempts to guide clients to think about moral issues and needs of others
79
borderline personality disorder
instability of mood: large emotional shifts - high reactivity instability of self-image - difficulty in establishing and maintaining identity instability in maintaining relationships
80
causes of borderline personality disorder: external factors
trauma not getting needs appropriately being reinforced for problematic behaviors early
81
treatment used for borderline personality disorder
contemporary psychodynamic therapy focuses on relational patterns and working through trauma - dialectical behavior therapy
82
dialectical behavior therapy
a mix of variety of treatments but mainly cognitive and behavioral 4 aspects: 1. mindfulness 2. emotional regulation skills 3. interpersonal skills 4. distress tolerance skills
83
anxious personality disorder
behavior is anxious and fearful uncomfortable and inhibited in social situations
84
dependent personality disorder
Pervasive, excessive need to be taken care of * “Clingy,” obedient, fear separation, indecisive * Central feature is a difficulty with separation
85
obessive compusive personality disorder
Highly rigid, inflexible, preoccupied with order and perfection and control

abnormal psych (5 decks)

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