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Immunology Final Study > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The MHC is divided into how many major regions?

2
3
4
5

A

4

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2
Q

Which is not one one the 5 important factors in the functioning of antigens:

Degradability
Structural Stability
Complexity
Relativity
Molecular Weight

A

Relativity

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3
Q

MCH class I molecules include the regions:

B, C, D
A, B, D
A, B, C
A, C, D

A

A, B, C

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4
Q

Papain generates a single bivalent antigen-binding fragment.

True
False

A

False

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5
Q

This immunoglobulin variant is the dominant type found on the immunoglobulins of all animals in a species.

Allotype
Idiotype
Isotype

A

Isotype

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6
Q

What is the correct order for the phases of antibody response?

Log phase
Decline phase
Plateau phase
Lag phase

A

Lag phase
Log phase
Plateau phase
Decline phase

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7
Q

Which of the following are applications of monoclonal antibodies:

immunoassay development
classifications of leukemias and lymphomas
quantification of hormones
b and c
all of the above

A

all of the above

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8
Q

Place in the correct order the process of phagocytosis.

Adherence
Digestion and destruction
Phagosome formation
Fusion
Chemotaxis
Engulfment

A

Chemotaxis
Adherence
Engulfment
Phagosome formation
Fusion
Digestion and destruction

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9
Q

Opsonization is the coating of organisms by which two molecules

Fc and C3
Fc and C4
C3 and C4
Fa and C3

A

Fc and C3

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10
Q

Match the adhesion step with the description
Adhesion First contact of leukocyte with endothelium

Tethering Upregulation of integrins promote activity of
cell adhesion molecules on the endothelium

Triggering Neutrophil is prepared to receive signals from
chemokines

A

Adhesion Upregulation of integrins promote activity of
cell adhesion molecules on the endothelium

Tethering First contact of leukocyte with endothelium

Triggering Neutrophil is prepared to receive signals from
chemokines

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11
Q

Monocytes and macrophages are the primary source of which polypeptide hormone:

IL-1
IL-17
IL-10
IL-25

A

IL-1

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12
Q

The cardinal signs of inflammation do not include:

pain
bruising
swelling
redness

A

bruising

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13
Q

Chronic inflammation almost always leads to:

fibrosis
pus formation
resolution
acute inflammation

A

fibrosis

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14
Q

The progressive stages of sepsis are:

infection, sepsis, severe sepsis
sepsis, septic shock, death
sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock
infection, severe sepsis, death

A

sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock

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15
Q

The sequence of component activation in the classic pathway is:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

A

1
4
2
3
5-9

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16
Q

Which acute phase protein has greater specificity for proinflammatory markers for sepsis?

alpha 1- antitrypsin
C-reactive protein
procalcitonin
C4

A

procalcitonin

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17
Q

Which acute phase protein may help differentiate between bacterial and viral infections?

alpha 1-antitrypsin
C-reactive protein
procalcitonin
C3

A

C-reactive protein

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18
Q

As a group, cytokines:

bind to specific membrane receptors on target cells
act close to the site of synthesis on the same cell or on a nearby cell
regulate receptor expression in T and B cells
both a and b
all of the above

A

all of the above

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19
Q

This person is considered the “father of immunology”

Jenner
Pasteur
Burnet
Frazer

A

Pasteur

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20
Q

The innate immune system has:

The 1st line of defense
The 3rd line of defense
The 1st and 2nd line of defense
The 2nd and 3rd line of defense

A

The 1st and 2nd line of defense

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21
Q

The adaptive immune system has all but:

The ability to exhibit memory of a prior response
the ability to rearrange genes
highly targeted precise response
an immediate protection component

A

an immediate protection component

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22
Q

The stem cell is a common ________ multipotential cell.

CD4+
CD20+
CD34+
CD80+

A

CD34+

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23
Q

Which is not a tissue sentinel cell in the innate immune system?

Macrophage
Neutrophil
Mast cell
Dendritic cell

A

Neutrophil

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24
Q

What is the order of the classical pathway stages?

Amplification
Membrane Attack Complex
Recognition

A

Recognition
Amplification
Membrane Attack Complex

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25
Q

Which cell’s primary function is host defense against bacterial and fungal infections?

Neutrophil
T lymphocyte
Basophil
NK cell

A

Neutrophil

26
Q

Which cell is associated the most with allergic reactions?

Neutrophils
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes

A

Eosinophils

27
Q

All of the microbes that inhabit different locations in our bodies are called:

Microbiota
Microbiome
Probiotics
Promicrobes

A

Microbiome

28
Q

Match the mode of action with its type of immunity:

Antibodies in action Humoral Mediated Immunity

Direct cell-to-cell contact or Cell Mediated Immunity
soluble products secreted by cells

A

Antibodies in action Humoral Mediated Immunity

Direct cell-to-cell contact or Cell Mediated Immunity
soluble products secreted by cells

29
Q

The characteristics of:

rapid recognition of microbes
use of widely expressed nonvariant receptors to recognize
     microbes
receptors to distinguish self from non-self

are seen in which line of defense?

1st
2nd
3rd

A

2nd

30
Q

Which immunoglobulin is commonly found in tears and saliva?

IgA
IgG
IgE
IgD

A

IgA

31
Q

Lymphatic fluid, lymphocytes, and antigens enter the lymph node through the efferent duct and exit through the afferent duct.

True
False

A

False

32
Q

Which cell would not be considered to be part of the innate immune system?

Monocytes
Dendritic cells
NK lymphs
T lymphs

A

T lymphs

33
Q

Match the cell with the activity/phrase.

Neutrophils Macrophages

consistent concentration at a steady state
respond to soluble mediator, interleukin-17, from the adaptive immune system
respond to soluble mediator, interferon, from adaptive immune system
highly variable concentration in peripheral circulating blood

A

Neutrophils
respond to soluble mediator, interleukin-17, from the adaptive immune system
highly variable concentration in peripheral circulating blood

Macrophages
consistent concentration at a steady state
respond to soluble mediator, interferon, from adaptive immune system

34
Q

The IgM antibody class:

Has the highest plasma or serum concentration in normal individuals
Has the shortest half-life
Has the highest molecular weight
Can exist as a dimer

A

Has the highest molecular weight

35
Q

The chemical composition of an antibody is:

Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Any of the above

A

Protein

36
Q

The characteristic associated with IgD is:

Predominant immunoglobulin in secretions
Increase in infectious diseases, collagen disorders, and hematologic disorders
Mediates some types of hypersensitivity reactions
Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin

A

Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin

37
Q

Avidity is defined as:

Strength of a bond between a single antigenic determinant and an individual combining site
Noncovalent combination of an antigen with its respective specific antibody
Ability of an antibody to combine with one antigen instead of another
Strength with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent antigen

A

Strength with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent antigen

38
Q

An appropriate description of IgG is:

Accounts for 10% of the Ig pool, largely confined to the intravascular space
Mediates some types of hypersensitivity
Found in tears, saliva, colostrum, milk, and intestinal secretions
Diffuses more readily into extravascular spaces, neutralizes toxins, and binds to microorganisms

A

Diffuses more readily into extravascular spaces, neutralizes toxins, and binds to microorganisms

39
Q

Bonding of antigen to antibody exists exclusively as

Hydrogen bonding
Van der Waals forces
Electrostatic forces
Noncovalent bonding

A

Noncovalent bonding

40
Q

The surface membrane marker for CD4 is found on:

All T lymphocytes
Helper-induced T cells
Suppressor-cytotoxic T cells
T regulatory lymphocytes

A

Helper-induced T cells

41
Q

The appropriate function of B lymphocytes is:

Cellular immune response
Humoral immune response
Destruction of foreign particles
Phagocytosis

A

Humoral immune response

42
Q

The surface marker for CD3 is found on:

All or most T lymphocytes
Helper-inducer T cells
Suppressor-cytotoxic T cells
T regulatory lymphocytes

A

All or most T lymphocytes

43
Q

The process of aging causes the thymus to:

Decrease in size
Not change over time
Lose cellularity
Both a and c

A

Both a and c

44
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic of T lymphocytes?

Can form a suppressor-cytotoxic subset
Can be helper-inducers
Can be CD4+ or CD8+
Can synthesis and secrete immunoglobulin

A

Can synthesis and secrete immunoglobulin

45
Q

The surface membrane marker for CD8 is found on:

All T lymphocytes
Helper-induced T cells
Suppressor-cytotoxic T cells
T-regulatory cells

A

Suppressor-cytotoxic T cells

46
Q

A characteristic of myeloperoxidase deficiency is:

Marked defect in cellular response to chemotaxis
Failure to exhibit increased anaerobic metabolism during phagocytosis
Mild-to-moderate defect in bactericidal ability of neutrophils
Defective leukocyte locomotion

A

Mild-to-moderate defect in bactericidal ability of neutrophils

47
Q

A characteristic of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is:

Failure to exhibit increased anaerobic metabolism during phagocytosis
Marked defect in cellular response to chemotaxis
Mild-to-marked defect in bactericidal ability of neutrophils
Defective leukocyte locomotion

A

Marked defect in cellular response to chemotaxis

48
Q

The function of neutrophils is:

As primary phagocytic cells
Antibody-synthesizing cells
Recognition of foreign antigen and production of antibodies

A

As primary phagocytic cells

49
Q

The characteristic associated with colony stimulating factor is:

Stimulates hematopoietic growth factor
Encoding gene located in the HLA region between the HLA-DR and HLA-B loci
Induces phenotype transformation in non-neoplastic cells
Also known as IL-2

A

Stimulates hematopoietic growth factor

50
Q

Which activity is associated with interferon?

Enhances phagocytosis
Retards expression of specific genes
Interferes with viral replication
Promotes complement-mediated cytolysis

A

Interferes with viral replication

51
Q

Which of the following conditions can be associated with hypercomplementemia?

Myocardial infarction
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Glomerulonephritis
Subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Myocardial infarction

52
Q

The __________ terminates in a membrane attack complex

Classic Pathway
Alternative Pathway
Both a and b

A

Both a and b

53
Q

Generation of an active (C3bBb) C3 convertase is seen in

Classic Pathway
Alternative Pathway
Both a and b

A

Alternative Pathway

54
Q

All of the following are complement controlling proteins except:

C1 (INH)
Factor I
Factor H
C3

A

C3

55
Q

Which pathway requires a humoral immune response?

Classic Pathway
Alternative Pathway
Mannose-Binding Lectin Pathway

A

Classic Pathway

56
Q

Which is not one of the 4 main sources of Biological Response Mediators?

B lymphs
NK cells
Monocytes
Neutrophils

A

Neutrophils

57
Q

In adaptive immunity acquired by active natural immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ________ some other types of responses.

Shorter than
Longer than
Equivalent to

A

Longer than

58
Q

In adaptive immunity the mode of acquisition of passive natural immunity is:

Infusion of serum or plasma
Vaccination
Infection
Transfer in vivo or by colostrum

A

Transfer in vivo or by colostrum

59
Q

Which is not a component of the alternative pathway?

C3
C4
Factor H
Factor I

A

C4

60
Q

Which is not a protein family that is involved in forming a network of cellular interactions in the immune system?

the immunoglobulin family
the integrin family
the selectin family
the Adam’s family

A

the Adam’s family

Immunology Final Study (3 decks)

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