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Immunology Final Study > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The MHC is divided into how many major regions?

2
3
4
5

A

4

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2
Q

Which is not one one the 5 important factors in the functioning of antigens:

Degradability
Structural Stability
Complexity
Relativity
Molecular Weight

A

Relativity

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3
Q

MCH class I molecules include the regions:

B, C, D
A, B, D
A, B, C
A, C, D

A

A, B, C

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4
Q

Papain generates a single bivalent antigen-binding fragment.

True
False

A

False

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5
Q

This immunoglobulin variant is the dominant type found on the immunoglobulins of all animals in a species.

Allotype
Idiotype
Isotype

A

Isotype

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6
Q

What is the correct order for the phases of antibody response?

Log phase
Decline phase
Plateau phase
Lag phase

A

Lag phase
Log phase
Plateau phase
Decline phase

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7
Q

Which of the following are applications of monoclonal antibodies:

immunoassay development
classifications of leukemias and lymphomas
quantification of hormones
b and c
all of the above

A

all of the above

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8
Q

Place in the correct order the process of phagocytosis.

Adherence
Digestion and destruction
Phagosome formation
Fusion
Chemotaxis
Engulfment

A

Chemotaxis
Adherence
Engulfment
Phagosome formation
Fusion
Digestion and destruction

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9
Q

Opsonization is the coating of organisms by which two molecules

Fc and C3
Fc and C4
C3 and C4
Fa and C3

A

Fc and C3

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10
Q

Match the adhesion step with the description
Adhesion First contact of leukocyte with endothelium

Tethering Upregulation of integrins promote activity of
cell adhesion molecules on the endothelium

Triggering Neutrophil is prepared to receive signals from
chemokines

A

Adhesion Upregulation of integrins promote activity of
cell adhesion molecules on the endothelium

Tethering First contact of leukocyte with endothelium

Triggering Neutrophil is prepared to receive signals from
chemokines

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11
Q

Monocytes and macrophages are the primary source of which polypeptide hormone:

IL-1
IL-17
IL-10
IL-25

A

IL-1

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12
Q

The cardinal signs of inflammation do not include:

pain
bruising
swelling
redness

A

bruising

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13
Q

Chronic inflammation almost always leads to:

fibrosis
pus formation
resolution
acute inflammation

A

fibrosis

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14
Q

The progressive stages of sepsis are:

infection, sepsis, severe sepsis
sepsis, septic shock, death
sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock
infection, severe sepsis, death

A

sepsis, severe sepsis, septic shock

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15
Q

The sequence of component activation in the classic pathway is:

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

A

1
4
2
3
5-9

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16
Q

Which acute phase protein has greater specificity for proinflammatory markers for sepsis?

alpha 1- antitrypsin
C-reactive protein
procalcitonin
C4

A

procalcitonin

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17
Q

Which acute phase protein may help differentiate between bacterial and viral infections?

alpha 1-antitrypsin
C-reactive protein
procalcitonin
C3

A

C-reactive protein

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18
Q

As a group, cytokines:

bind to specific membrane receptors on target cells
act close to the site of synthesis on the same cell or on a nearby cell
regulate receptor expression in T and B cells
both a and b
all of the above

A

all of the above

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19
Q

This person is considered the “father of immunology”

Jenner
Pasteur
Burnet
Frazer

A

Pasteur

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20
Q

The innate immune system has:

The 1st line of defense
The 3rd line of defense
The 1st and 2nd line of defense
The 2nd and 3rd line of defense

A

The 1st and 2nd line of defense

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21
Q

The adaptive immune system has all but:

The ability to exhibit memory of a prior response
the ability to rearrange genes
highly targeted precise response
an immediate protection component

A

an immediate protection component

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22
Q

The stem cell is a common ________ multipotential cell.

CD4+
CD20+
CD34+
CD80+

A

CD34+

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23
Q

Which is not a tissue sentinel cell in the innate immune system?

Macrophage
Neutrophil
Mast cell
Dendritic cell

A

Neutrophil

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24
Q

What is the order of the classical pathway stages?

Amplification
Membrane Attack Complex
Recognition

A

Recognition
Amplification
Membrane Attack Complex

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25
Which cell's primary function is host defense against bacterial and fungal infections? Neutrophil T lymphocyte Basophil NK cell
Neutrophil
26
Which cell is associated the most with allergic reactions? Neutrophils Monocytes Eosinophils Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
27
All of the microbes that inhabit different locations in our bodies are called: Microbiota Microbiome Probiotics Promicrobes
Microbiome
28
Match the mode of action with its type of immunity: Antibodies in action Humoral Mediated Immunity Direct cell-to-cell contact or Cell Mediated Immunity soluble products secreted by cells
Antibodies in action Humoral Mediated Immunity Direct cell-to-cell contact or Cell Mediated Immunity soluble products secreted by cells
29
The characteristics of: rapid recognition of microbes use of widely expressed nonvariant receptors to recognize microbes receptors to distinguish self from non-self are seen in which line of defense? 1st 2nd 3rd
2nd
30
Which immunoglobulin is commonly found in tears and saliva? IgA IgG IgE IgD
IgA
31
Lymphatic fluid, lymphocytes, and antigens enter the lymph node through the efferent duct and exit through the afferent duct. True False
False
32
Which cell would not be considered to be part of the innate immune system? Monocytes Dendritic cells NK lymphs T lymphs
T lymphs
33
Match the cell with the activity/phrase. Neutrophils Macrophages consistent concentration at a steady state respond to soluble mediator, interleukin-17, from the adaptive immune system respond to soluble mediator, interferon, from adaptive immune system highly variable concentration in peripheral circulating blood
Neutrophils respond to soluble mediator, interleukin-17, from the adaptive immune system highly variable concentration in peripheral circulating blood Macrophages consistent concentration at a steady state respond to soluble mediator, interferon, from adaptive immune system
34
The IgM antibody class: Has the highest plasma or serum concentration in normal individuals Has the shortest half-life Has the highest molecular weight Can exist as a dimer
Has the highest molecular weight
35
The chemical composition of an antibody is: Protein Lipid Carbohydrate Any of the above
Protein
36
The characteristic associated with IgD is: Predominant immunoglobulin in secretions Increase in infectious diseases, collagen disorders, and hematologic disorders Mediates some types of hypersensitivity reactions Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin
Primarily a cell membrane immunoglobulin
37
Avidity is defined as: Strength of a bond between a single antigenic determinant and an individual combining site Noncovalent combination of an antigen with its respective specific antibody Ability of an antibody to combine with one antigen instead of another Strength with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent antigen
Strength with which a multivalent antibody binds to a multivalent antigen
38
An appropriate description of IgG is: Accounts for 10% of the Ig pool, largely confined to the intravascular space Mediates some types of hypersensitivity Found in tears, saliva, colostrum, milk, and intestinal secretions Diffuses more readily into extravascular spaces, neutralizes toxins, and binds to microorganisms
Diffuses more readily into extravascular spaces, neutralizes toxins, and binds to microorganisms
39
Bonding of antigen to antibody exists exclusively as Hydrogen bonding Van der Waals forces Electrostatic forces Noncovalent bonding
Noncovalent bonding
40
The surface membrane marker for CD4 is found on: All T lymphocytes Helper-induced T cells Suppressor-cytotoxic T cells T regulatory lymphocytes
Helper-induced T cells
41
The appropriate function of B lymphocytes is: Cellular immune response Humoral immune response Destruction of foreign particles Phagocytosis
Humoral immune response
42
The surface marker for CD3 is found on: All or most T lymphocytes Helper-inducer T cells Suppressor-cytotoxic T cells T regulatory lymphocytes
All or most T lymphocytes
43
The process of aging causes the thymus to: Decrease in size Not change over time Lose cellularity Both a and c
Both a and c
44
Which of the following is not a characteristic of T lymphocytes? Can form a suppressor-cytotoxic subset Can be helper-inducers Can be CD4+ or CD8+ Can synthesis and secrete immunoglobulin
Can synthesis and secrete immunoglobulin
45
The surface membrane marker for CD8 is found on: All T lymphocytes Helper-induced T cells Suppressor-cytotoxic T cells T-regulatory cells
Suppressor-cytotoxic T cells
46
A characteristic of myeloperoxidase deficiency is: Marked defect in cellular response to chemotaxis Failure to exhibit increased anaerobic metabolism during phagocytosis Mild-to-moderate defect in bactericidal ability of neutrophils Defective leukocyte locomotion
Mild-to-moderate defect in bactericidal ability of neutrophils
47
A characteristic of Chediak-Higashi Syndrome is: Failure to exhibit increased anaerobic metabolism during phagocytosis Marked defect in cellular response to chemotaxis Mild-to-marked defect in bactericidal ability of neutrophils Defective leukocyte locomotion
Marked defect in cellular response to chemotaxis
48
The function of neutrophils is: As primary phagocytic cells Antibody-synthesizing cells Recognition of foreign antigen and production of antibodies
As primary phagocytic cells
49
The characteristic associated with colony stimulating factor is: Stimulates hematopoietic growth factor Encoding gene located in the HLA region between the HLA-DR and HLA-B loci Induces phenotype transformation in non-neoplastic cells Also known as IL-2
Stimulates hematopoietic growth factor
50
Which activity is associated with interferon? Enhances phagocytosis Retards expression of specific genes Interferes with viral replication Promotes complement-mediated cytolysis
Interferes with viral replication
51
Which of the following conditions can be associated with hypercomplementemia? Myocardial infarction Systemic lupus erythematosus Glomerulonephritis Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Myocardial infarction
52
The __________ terminates in a membrane attack complex Classic Pathway Alternative Pathway Both a and b
Both a and b
53
Generation of an active (C3bBb) C3 convertase is seen in Classic Pathway Alternative Pathway Both a and b
Alternative Pathway
54
All of the following are complement controlling proteins except: C1 (INH) Factor I Factor H C3
C3
55
Which pathway requires a humoral immune response? Classic Pathway Alternative Pathway Mannose-Binding Lectin Pathway
Classic Pathway
56
Which is not one of the 4 main sources of Biological Response Mediators? B lymphs NK cells Monocytes Neutrophils
Neutrophils
57
In adaptive immunity acquired by active natural immunity, the duration of the presence of circulating antibody is ________ some other types of responses. Shorter than Longer than Equivalent to
Longer than
58
In adaptive immunity the mode of acquisition of passive natural immunity is: Infusion of serum or plasma Vaccination Infection Transfer in vivo or by colostrum
Transfer in vivo or by colostrum
59
Which is not a component of the alternative pathway? C3 C4 Factor H Factor I
C4
60
Which is not a protein family that is involved in forming a network of cellular interactions in the immune system? the immunoglobulin family the integrin family the selectin family the Adam's family
the Adam's family

Immunology Final Study (3 decks)

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