Exam 1

Question 1

wellness

Answer 1

optimal health & vitality

Question 2

dimensions of wellness

Answer 2

physical, emotional, intellectual, spiritual, social & environmental

Question 3

components of wellness

Answer 3

persistent thought, positive expectations, stress response, physical activity & generosity

Question 4

infectious disease

Answer 4

communicable from 1 person to another

Question 5

chronic disease

Answer 5

develop & continue over a period of time

Question 6

US leading cause of death

Answer 6

heart disease & cancer

Question 7

healthy people 2020

Answer 7

increase quality & years of life
eliminate health disparities

Question 8

wellness factors

Answer 8

health habits, heredity, environment & access to health care

Question 9

wellness profile

Answer 9

managing stress, relationships, diet, understanding illness

Question 10

motivation for change

Answer 10

boost self efficacy (locus of control, visualisation, self talk & role models)

Question 11

stages of change model

Answer 11

precontemplation
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance
termination

Question 12

chain of infection

Answer 12

pathogen
reservoir
portal of exit
means of transmission
portal of entry
new host

Question 13

body’s defence system

Answer 13

physical & chemical = skin/mucus
immune system = lymphocytes

Question 14

histamine

Answer 14

dilation of blood vessels (heat, redness & swelling)

Question 15

incubation

Answer 15

virus multiply, no symptoms till 2nd/3rd stage

Question 16

prodromal period

Answer 16

infected host gains immunity

Question 17

immunisation

Answer 17

‘priming’ the body to remember encounter with specific antigen

Question 18

active vaccine

Answer 18

killed/weakened pathogen to make the body produce antibodies

Question 19

passive vaccine

Answer 19

inject antibodies produced by other human

Question 20

acquired vaccine

Answer 20

memory lymphocytes to remember previous infection

Question 21

bacteria

Answer 21

single celled organisms, pneumonia

Question 22

protozoan

Answer 22

malaria

Question 23

autoimmune disease

Answer 23

immune system attacks its own cells

Question 24

how many & what are the essential nutrients

Answer 24

45 nutrients
carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals & water

Question 25

what do we overconsume

Answer 25

calories, fats, sugar, sodium, alcohol, cholesterol

Question 26

kilocalorie

Answer 26

measure of energy

Question 27

metabolism

Answer 27

energy for vital processes

Question 28

carbohydrates (simple & complex)

Answer 28

primary energy source for the body simple = monosaccharides/dissacharides complex = polysaccharides/fiber

Question 29

fiber (dietary & functional)

Answer 29

non digestable carb dietary = naturally in plants, aids digestion functional = isolated from natural source

Question 30

dietary fat & functions

Answer 30

nutrients containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen & other elements energy for work, human cell structure, shock absorber, essential fatty acids

Question 31

saturated, unsaturated, trans fat

Answer 31

saturated = single bond, solid at room temp unsaturated = 1+ double bonds, liquid trans = good shelf life

Question 32

omega 3 fatty acids

Answer 32

fish/walnuts/flaxseed etc

Question 33

effects of fats

Answer 33

triglyceride levels, inflammation, heart rhythm, blood pressure

Question 34

dietary protein

Answer 34

complex organic compound containing nitrogen

Question 35

functions of protein

Answer 35

build/repair tissue, form part of hormones, antibodies, maintain fluid balance

Question 36

amino acids

Answer 36

building blocks of proteins 9 = essential, food 11 = non essential, produced

Question 37

complete, incomplete & complementary protein

Answer 37

complete = contain all essential, chicken incomplete = don't supply all essential complementary = taken together & provide essential

Question 38

vitamins & their functions

Answer 38

organic, fat & water soluble, 13 total promote growth & development, regulate chemical reactions

Question 39

minerals & their function & ones we are lacking

Answer 39

inorganic, 17 essential, major & trace structural support, fluid balance, heart rhythm lacking - iron, calcium, potassium & magnesium

Question 40

water & its function

Answer 40

most essential nutrient, 60% body weight body temp, transport nutrients/waste, maintain blood volume

Question 41

antioxidants

Answer 41

reduce adverse effects of free radicals vitamin c & e

Question 42

free radical

Answer 42

damage cells & DNA e.g. burnt food

Question 43

phytochemical

Answer 43

naturally occurring in plants, prevent/treat chronic diseases fruit/veg - cruciferous, soy sauce

Question 44

dietary reference intakes

Answer 44

nutrient intake level to prevent deficiencies & chronic diseases

Question 45

how much is 1 pound of fat

Answer 45

3500 calories

Question 46

body composition

Answer 46

lean body mass & body fat

Question 47

energy balance

Answer 47

calories in, energy out (exercise, digestion, resting metabolism)

Question 48

body mass index

Answer 48

weight in pounds x 703/ height in inches squared

Question 49

methods to determine body fat

Answer 49

hydrostatic = underwater skinfold electrical impedance analysis scanning procedures = CT, MRI etc

Question 50

health risks of excess body fat

Answer 50

reduce life expectancy hypertension cancer type 2 diabetes

Question 51

abdominal obesity

Answer 51

waist measurement around stomach