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Health & wellness 145 > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

What is physical fitness

A

enables us to perform up to our potential, the functioning of the heart/lungs/muscles

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2
Q

4 components of physical fitness

A

Aerobic = capacity to deliver oxygen & nutrients to tissues & remove waste, long periods.
Muscular = strength & endurance of muscles.
Flexibility = move joints through full ROM, improve posture
Stability & balance = core muscle strength

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3
Q

Benefits of exercise

A

Boost brain power
Melts away stress
Gives you energy
Help build relationships
Ward off disease
Pumps your heart
Lets you eat more
Boosts performance

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4
Q

Principles of exercise

A

SPECIFICITY- specific training to outcome, e.g. runner needs to run to get better.
OVERLOAD increase workload
ADAPTATION - adjust to demand, vary workouts
PROGRESSION - gradual increase of intensity/volume

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5
Q

What is overtraining

A

pushing beyond recovery capacity, cause decrease in performance

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6
Q

Two muscle fibre types

A

Slow twitch (type 1) - use oxygen, extended period of time, marathon runners.

Fast twitch (type 2) - 2a = both aerobic/anaerobic e.g. 800/1500. 2b = anaerobic, short bursts of power e.g. sprinter

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7
Q

What is included in a balanced fitness programme

A

cardio respiratory endurance = 20 mins target HR, 3-5 days per week

muscular strength & endurance = major muscle groups, 2/3 sessions per week

flexibility = stretching 2/3 times week

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8
Q

RICE

A

REST
ICE
COMPRESS
ELEVATE

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9
Q

Female anatomy & main hormones

A

uterus
ovaries
fallopian tubes
vagina
clitoris
estrogen & progesterone

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10
Q

Male anatomy & hormone

A

penis
testes
scrotum
prostate
seminal vesicle
testosterone

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11
Q

main difference between male & female anatomy

A

men have a prostate and women don’t

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12
Q

Hormone regulation

A

produced by testes & ovaries
pituitary gland & hypothalamus pay crucial roles

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13
Q

Stages of the menstrual cycle

A

Menses - day 1-5 = menstruation
Estrogenic - day 6-13 = walls build up
Ovulation - day 14 = egg is released
Progestational - day 15-27 = egg travels

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14
Q

Menstrual problems and how to reduce the symptoms

A

Dysmenorrhea = problem with the cycle
Amenorrhea = absence of period
Premenstrual syndrome & premenstrual dysphoric disorder = emotional response

reduce symptoms - limit salt intake, exercise, no alcohol/tobacco, nutritious diet & relax

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15
Q

How much later do boys hit puberty than girls

A

girls around 10/11 years old, Boys 2 years later around 12/13

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16
Q

What is the menopause & when does it occur

A

end of a woman’s reproductive years, ovaries cease function, decrease in oestrogen levels
between 45-55 years old
increase in health risks

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17
Q

Aging men

A

decrease in testosterone affecting sexual function, sperm slow down

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18
Q

What 3 factors is sexual function influenced by

A

physical = direct contact & arousal
psychological = mental
emotional

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19
Q

Phases of sexual response

A

Excitement = increased heart rate, blood flow to genitals

Plateau = intensified arousal, tension & HR

Orgasmic = involuntary muscle contraction, release of sexual tension

Refractory = sexual stimulation in males doesn’t lead to another orgasm

Resolution = return to resting state

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20
Q

Male erection

A

vasocongestion of penis
testes increase in size
sperm & semen expelled = ejaculation
erection subsides

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21
Q

Female orgasm

A

uterus elevates, clitoris enlarges
uterus contracts
labia change color & swell
uterus lowers

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22
Q

Female sexual health problems

A

vaginitis - inflammation of vagina
endometriosis
pelvic inflammatory disease

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23
Q

Male sexual health problems

A

prostatitis
testicular cancer

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24
Q

Male sexual dysfunctions

A

erectile dysfunction
premature ejaculation
retarded ejaculation

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25
Female sexual dysfunctions
vaginismus orgasmic dysfunction
26
Treatment of sexual dysfunctions
behavioural therapy relaxation techniques psychosocial interventions
27
Purpose of contraception
prevents conception by blocking the females eggs from uniting with male sperm to prevent pregnancy
28
What are the 4 types of contraception
Barrier Hormonal Natural Surgical
29
Oral contraceptive (hormonal)
the pill oestrogen & progesterone mimics hormonal activity of corpus luteum 9% failure rate
30
Contraceptive patch (hormonal)
releases hormones through skin replace weekly 8% failure rate
31
Vaginal ring (hormonal)
hormonal ring inserted into vagina replaced monthly 8% failure rate
32
Implants (hormonal)
flexible matchstick capsules 5 year protection 0.9% failure rate
33
Advantages & disadvantages of hormonal contraceptive methods
+ = no interruption on sex, lighter periods, reduce acne & cramps - = no protection against STD's, irregular periods & can cause weight gain
34
IUD (barrier & hormonal)
device inserted into uterus paragard = 10yrs, copper mirena = 5yrs, hormones 0.8% failure rate
35
Advantages & disadvantages of IUD
+ = very effective - = invasive, painful to install, irregular period, irritation of uterus wall & no protection from STD's
36
Male condoms (barrier) advantages & disadvantages
22% failure rate (high failure rate) + = easy to access, less expensive - = interrupt sex, have to use every time
37
Abstinence (natural)
having no sex 0% failure rate + = no chance of STD's or pregnancy
38
Fertility awareness method (natural)
calendar/temp/mucus method 22% failure rate hard to know exactly when would be the right time, few safe days with a regular period
39
Male sterilisation (vasectomy) (surgical)
severing of vasa deferential (sperm tunnel) semen tested 12wks after/20 ejaculations (get rid of old sperm) 0.15% failure rate
40
Female sterilisation
cut fallopian tubes (stop eggs travelling) 1.8% failure rate
41
Advantages & disadvantages of surgical methods
+ = low failure rate, permanent - = invasive, hard to reverse (a forever decision)
42
History of abortion in the US
mid 1800s = pre 20wks was legal 1900s = all states made it illegal 1973 = Roe vs Wade Supreme Court - 3 trimesters, 1 = abortion up to woman & doctor, 2 = state regulate abortion, 3 = ban abortions that aren't life threatening to the mum.
43
Current abortion issues
2007 = partial birth (force baby to be born before its viable) abortion ban act, freedom of choice act in senate. 2008 = planned parenthood
44
Pro life
life begins at conception, fertilised egg is a human. Abortion is deemed murder.
45
Pro choice
women have the right to make their own choice. distinct stages of feral development.
46
What are the two main methods of abortion
1. surgical - go in & terminate, 33% 2. medical - take a pill, 67%
47
Miscarriage/spontaneous abortion
embryo/fetus dies in the uterus & is expelled. 50%
48
Induced abortion
ending a pregnancy voluntarily
49
Mifepristone/misoprostol method (medical)
initial dose - blocks progesterone 2 days later - dose of misoprostol - induces contractions. 92-95% effective side effects - nausea, intestinal problems
50
Advantages & disadvantages of medical abortion methods
+ = effective, not invasive - = painful, moodiness, long process
51
Suction curetage (surgical)
cervix is stretched, suction machine & tube empties the uterus, curette scrapes uterus walls. 6th to 12th wk 90% of abortions
52
Manual Vacuum Aspiration (surgical)
gentle suction using syringe within 4/5wks of last cycle (very early) cheap, not as invasive
53
Dilation & evacuation (surgical)
post 13th to 24th wk fetus scrambled inside using instruments
54
advantages & disadvantages of surgical methods
+ = fast procedure - = invasive
55
Complications/side effects of abortion
fever, abdominal pain, swelling, backache, heavy bleeding, foul smelling vaginal discharge etc
56
What are the 7 major sexually transmitted diseases
Viral (never go away) = HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, herpes & HPV. Bacterial (clear up) = syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhoea.
57
What does HIV & AIDS stand for
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
58
Why is HIV/AIDS the worst viral disease
leading cause of death globally approx 65 million infected 25 million deaths due to AIDS viral infection leading to sever immune deficiency
59
Where does HIV/AIDS live & how is it transmitted
can only live in cells & bodily fluids transmitted through sexual contact, direct exposure to infected blood & from mother to child during childbirth.
60

Health & wellness 145 (3 decks)

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