Exam 1

Question 1

instruction

Answer 1

A single command to a computer

Question 2

Machine language

Answer 2

binary coding of isntructions

Question 3

Each ISA…

Answer 3

has a fixed set of instructions that the CPU can read

Question 4

Assembly Language (asm)

Answer 4

human readable textual representation of machine language
almost one to one

Question 5

CPU can…

Answer 5

Read a list of instructions
Turing complete (solve any computationally solvable problem)

Question 6

CPU _____
Ram _______

Answer 6

Does, remembers

Question 7

Registers

Answer 7

small, fast, temp memory inside CPU

Question 8

The CPU can only…

Answer 8

operate on data in registers
run programs in memory

Question 9

MIPS has…

Answer 9

32 registers

Question 10

Arguments

Answer 10

a registers
inputs to a function

Question 11

Return Values

Answer 11

v registers
returns from function
used for syscall

Question 12

Temporaries

Answer 12

t registers

Question 13

Saved (stack)

Answer 13

s registers
SAFE PLACE

Question 14

Zero

Answer 14

register that always contains zero

Question 15

Load

Answer 15

put value into a register

Question 16

immediate

Answer 16

a constant value written inside the instruction

Question 17

Load into _____
Store into ______

Answer 17

register, variable

Question 18

Variables are in …

Answer 18

memory

Question 19

Load into …

Answer 19

register

Question 20

Store into …

Answer 20

memory

Question 21

Every variable

Answer 21

has 2 parts (address and value)

Question 22

Loads copy data from…

Answer 22

memory into CPU registers

Question 23

Stores copy data from…

Answer 23

CPU registers into memory

Question 24

Address of any value

Answer 24

is the address of its 1st byte

Question 25

When you assemble...

Answer 25

All labels dissapear

Question 26

BEQ

Answer 26

Equal to

Question 27

BNE

Answer 27

Not equal

Question 28

BLT

Answer 28

Less than

Question 29

BLE

Answer 29

Less than or equal too

Question 30

BGT

Answer 30

Greater than

Question 31

BGE

Answer 31

Greater than or equal too

Question 32

Arrays

Answer 32

all equidistant all contiguous (nothing between them) each variable is the same type and size

Question 33

Memory Alignment

Answer 33

means the address of an n-byte value must be a multiple of n (memory accesses faster)

Question 34

Endianness

Answer 34

what rule is used to decide which byte goes first

Question 35

Little-Endian

Answer 35

CPU swaps the order of the bytes

Question 36

Big-Endian

Answer 36

CPU keeps terms in order

Question 37

Function

Answer 37

named piece of code with inputs and outputs

Question 38

Function call

Answer 38

pauses the caller and runs the callee to completion

Question 39

Call graph

Answer 39

diagram of which one function calls one another

Question 39

Function return

Answer 39

Stops running callee and resumes caller

Question 40

Leaf function

Answer 40

Function that calls no function

Question 41

Program counter

Answer 41

PC is the address of the current instruction

Question 42

All functions

Answer 42

share the registers

Question 43

Call Stack

Answer 43

stores info about function calls region of memory, each program gets when it starts Stack accessed through stack pointer

Question 44

Push

Answer 44

putting something at the top of the stack (A,B,C)

Question 45

Pop

Answer 45

Taking something from the stack (C,B,A)

Question 46

Activation Records

Answer 46

saved copies of registers values that we want to get back later

Question 47

Stack ____ when called

Answer 47

grows

Question 48

Stack ____ when returned

Answer 48

shrinks

Question 49

Recursive function

Answer 49

each function call gets its own variables

Question 50

Every function

Answer 50

is free to change any register at any time