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Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

6 key themes of environmental science

A
  1. human pop growth
  2. increased urbanization
  3. sustainability
  4. people and nature
  5. a global perspective
  6. science and values
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2
Q

what type of population growth do developed countries experience

A

logistic

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3
Q

what type of population growth do developing countries experience

A

exponential

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4
Q

2 types of overpopulation

A

people overpopulation, consumption overpopulation

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5
Q

problems with overpopulation

A

strains resources, creates pollution, reduces quality of life

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6
Q

megacities

A

cities with a pop of 10 million +

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7
Q

problem with urbanization

A

it creates special environmental problems

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8
Q

heat island effect

A

vegetation is replaced with roads and building causing the areas to heat up

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9
Q

urban sprawl

A

city grows and spreads out

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10
Q

sustainability

A

meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of future generations

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11
Q

sustainable development and 3 key components

A

sustainable economic development
ecology, economy, equity

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12
Q

challenges to sustainable development: different world view

A

anthropocentric, biocentric, ecocentric

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13
Q

biocentric vs ecocentric

A

biocentric: prioritizes all life
ecocentric: prioritizes ecosystems

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14
Q

Tragedy of the commons

A

when people only act in their own self interest the environment suffers
overusing a shared resource

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15
Q

social trap

A

decision that produces a short term benefit, but harms society in the long run

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16
Q

time delay

A

action that produces immediate benefits but leads to problems in the future

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17
Q

sliding reinforcers

A

actions that are beneficial at first, but over time benefits decline

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18
Q

what is the biggest challenge to sustainable living

A

wealth inequality

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19
Q

people and nature

A

people affect nature and nature effects people

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20
Q

principle of envtl unity

A

we affect nature globally because everything in nature is interconnected

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21
Q

science and values

A

science and ethics go hand and hand

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22
Q

scientific method 5 steps

A
  1. develop question
  2. form a hypothesis
  3. conduct an experiment
  4. collect data
  5. analyze and interpret results
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23
Q

theory

A

explanation for why a phenomena occurs supported by multiple hypothesis

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24
Q

Law

A

mathematical expression for how a phenomena occurs

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25
theory vs law
theory explains why law explains how
26
accuracy
how close a measured value is to an accepted value
27
precision
how close a set of measured values are to eachother
28
mono lake case study 2 takeaways
the activists were correct beware of bias, always apply scientific method
29
what happened to mono lake
river feeding into lake was diverted causing salinity to increase and the lake to shrink
30
what was the first era of conservation marked by
the disappearance of eastern forests
31
1st era of conservation: new science concepts
evolution by natural selection (darwin)
32
1st era of conservation: naturalist writers
Ralph Waldo Emerson: transcendentalism. rejection of material goals, happiness through nature Henry David Thoreau: Walden. simple living
33
1st era of conservation: new conservation institutions
Central Park NY Yellowstone National Park
34
what was the second era of conservation marked by
western settlement hitting the pacific ocean
35
what 2 thing were crucial to western settlement
transcontinental railroad and the Homestead Act
36
what 2 animals faced mass exploitation in the second era
bison and passenger pigeon
37
2nd era of conservation: new science concepts
biotic succession and ecology gave us the tools to manage finite resources
38
2nd era of conservation: naturalist writer
John Muir: preserve nature for nature's sake
39
2nd era of conservation: John Muir vs Gifford Pinchot
John Muir: preservationist Gifford Pinchot: conservationist
40
2nd era of conservation: new conservation institutions
US Forestry Service National Wildlife Refuge System Antiquities Act
41
what was the US Forestry Service for
managing land wisely
42
what did the Antiquities Act do
empowers the president to designate national monuments
43
what was the third era of conservation marked by
the dustbowl
44
what caused the dustbowl
settlers replaced grass with wheat, droughts, topsoil blew away
45
3rd era of conservation: new science concepts
ecosystem: communities of organisms and their abiotic environment
46
3rd era of conservation: writers
Aldo Leopold: Sand County Almanac, merged science and ethics Marjory Stoneman Douglas: The Everglades River of Grass
47
3rd era of conservation: new science institutions (4)
Civillian Conservation Corp Soil Conservation Service US Fish and Wildlife Service TVA
48
what does the soil conservation service do
agriculture conservation
49
what does the US Fish and Wildlife Service do
enforces US wildlife protection laws
50
what 3 things does the TVA do
navigation, flood control, electrical power
51
what was the fourth conservation era marked by
the recognition of pollution Cuyahoga River caught on fire
52
4th era of conservation: new concept
environmental analysis: the study of the impact of pollutants on the environment
53
4th era of conservation: naturalist writers
Paul Erlich: population bomb Rachel Carson: Silent spring
54
What is Rachel Carson known for
against indiscriminate use of pesticides esp DDT
55
4th era of conservation: new institutions
Wilderness Act of 1964 Environmental protection agency (EPA)
56
what did the wilderness act of 1964 do
sets aside areas in protected lands, like national parks, to be untouched by humans
57
what does the EPA do
protect human and environmental health
58
what are the models for the shift in thought on the wilderness
Puratin model: viewed wilderness as something sinister Lockean model: conquer and capitalize off wilderness Romantic model: romanticizes nature, views it as peaceful and serene
59
what was the fifth era of conservation marked by
the loss of biodiversity from habitat loss
60
5th era of conservation: new science concept
computer-based tech to study the environment like GIS
61
5th era of conservation: naturalist writer
EO Wilson: diversity of life biophilia
62
biophilia
desire to be close to nature
63
EO Wilson: half earth book significance
introduced the radical idea that half of earth's land should be protected
64
5th era of conservation: new institutions (6)
National biological service Society for conservation biology Earth Summit Climate change warning from UN Kyoto protocol Paris Agreement
65
what does the society for conservation biology do
professional organization that studies the biodiversity crisis
66
Paris Agreement significance
international treaty to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to limit climate change trump removed us from it twice
67
what was the Earth Summit meeting
meeting about sustainable development
68
what are genes
made of DNA, found on chromosomes within cells, produce recognizable traits
69
sentience
capacity to suffer and enjoy life
70
descent with modification (Darwin) 2 main points
1. species alive today descended from ancestral species 2. natural selection is a mechanism for evolution
71
natural selection 4 steps
1. organisms produce excessive offspring 2. offspring compete for limited resources 3. some offspring have genes that give them an advantage 4. those offspring survive and pass down their genes
72
what two things is the theory of natural selection based on
1. species produce excessive offspring 2. individual variation is abundant within a species
73
what was the 6th era of conservation marked by
the recognition of human driven envtl change (habitat loss, climate change)
74
6th era of conservation: new concepts
climate-adaptive conservation
75
6th era of conservation: writer
David Wallace Wells: The Uninhabitable Earth: Life After Warming
76
6th era of conservation: new institutions
UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration UN Global Biodiversity Framework

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