Exam 1 Flashcards
(234 cards)
1
Q
What are indications for a fecal analysis
A
Screening for endoparasites, explaining clinical signs, and diagnosing/treating all parasites present
2
Q
What are the RVT’s role in fecal analysis
A
Evaluate the sample, report results, evaluate and fill prescriptions, and educate client
3
Q
What are reasons for a fecal analysis resulting in a false negative
A
Testing during the prepatent period, host infected but there is a low parasite burden, undetectable stage of life cycle, low sensitivity test selected, improper procedure utilized, and the sample integrity is compromised
4
Q
What are diagnostic tests to analyze fecal matter
A
Direct smear, fecal flotation, fecal cytology, fecal culture, occult blood, sedimentation, and other tests such as snap tests
5
Q
What can be prevented when proper procedure is used when preparing a fecal
A
Protection against zoonoses, hygiene, sanitation of the lab/equipment, integrity of results, and record keeping
6
Q
What are the 2 ways fecal matter can be properly stored to stop the life cycle prior to a fecal analysis
A
Refrigeration vs formalin
7
Q
How can fecal matter be collected
A
Free catch, gloved lubricated finger, and fecal loop for a small sample
8
Q
How much feces is required for a fecal analysis
A
5g
9
Q
What info should be labeled on a fecal sample
A
Owner name, animal name, species, and date/time collected
10
Q
What visual aspects should be noted of a fecal sample
A
Consistency using a fecal score, color, blood, mucus, and parasites
11
Q
What issues/things can you see in a fecal sample upon gross examination
A
Presence of parasites, blood, and mucus
12
Q
What is a fecal direct smear
A
Screening for motile protozoans is a fast, easy, minimal prep test that requires a small fecal sample, and there is a large amount of debris
13
Q
What are common errors seen w/ fecal direct smear
A
Smear is too thick, incorrectly scanned, improper microscope lighting
14
Q
What is a fecal flotation good for evaluating
A
A low parasite burden
15
Q
How does a fecal flotation utilize specific gravity
A
Because the only things that will float up to the microscope slide if its specific gravity is equal to that of water
16
Q
What are common solutions used for fecal flotation
A
Salt or sugar, sodium nitrate, sugar solution, and zinc sulfate
17
Q
Why is zinc sulfate a unique solution for fecal flotation
A
Because it allows for the recovery of protozoan organisms
18
Q
How is a fecal direct or flotation used for a microscopic examination
A
To evaluate for parasitic material in various life stages such as eggs, oocysts, cysts, larvae
19
Q
What are things to keep in mind when looking at fecal directs or flotation under a microscope
A
Geography, species of patient, and morphological characteristics of things found
20
Q
What are common places for endoparasites to invade their host
A
Intestine, lungs, RBC, WBC, platelets, liver, and kidneys
21
Q
What 3 things to ectoparasites tend to affect
A
Skin, hair, and ears
22
Q
What is a mechanical vector
A
When a pathogen is carried on the surface of the vector such as things that penetrate the body and flies
23
Q
What are biological vectors
A
When a pathogen is carried w/in the body of the vector such as ticks or mosquitos
24
Q
What is horizontal transmission methods of endoparasites
A
Ingestion (fecal-oral and transmammary) and transcutaneous
25
What is vertical transmission methods of endoparasites
Transplacental
26
What are the clinical signs of intestinal endoparasites
Diarrhea +/- blood, anorexia, weight loss, and ill thrift
27
What are the clinical signs of endoparasites in the lungs
Cough, wheezing, and increased respiratory effort
28
What are the clinical signs of endoparasites in the liver
Fever, icterus, vomiting, lethargy, decreased consumption
29
What are the clinical signs of endoparasites in the WBC
Fever, lethargy, and weakness
30
What are the clinical signs of endoparasites in the RBC
Fever and anemia
31
What are the clinical signs of endoparasites in the platelets
Hemorrhage, petechiae, and ecchymoses
32
What are the clinical signs of ectoparasites
Alopecia, thin haircoat, pruritus, inflammation of skin/ears, and ear debris
33
What are diagnostic tests for endo or ectoparasites
Fecal exam, blood smear, serology, ear swab, skin scraping, and biopsy/histology
34
Definitive host
A host which harbors the sexually mature adult stage of the parasite
35
Paratenic host
An optional host that harbors an immature stage of the parasite, but the parasite does NOT undergo any development w/in the host
36
Intermediate host
Host which harbors an immature stage of the parasite and the parasite must pass through this host to undergo a stage of development and the immature stage of the parasite to the definitive host
37
Reservoir host
Host which harbors a parasite but suffers no ill effect and serves as a source of infection to other species that are susceptible
38
Dead end host
Host which can become infected by the parasite but cannot transmit the parasite to the definitive host and the parasite cannot complete its life cycle
39
What is a vector
A living organism that carries a disease-causing organism to new hosts this can either be biological or mechanical
40
What is the prepatent period
Period btw infection w/ a parasite and evidence of it in the body
41
What is a morula ovum
A mass of cells in an egg
42
What is a vermiform embryo
A embryo that contains something that is worm like
43
What are the 1st and 2nd pre-adult larval stages
They are the free living stages
44
What is the 3rd pre adult larval stage
The free living infective stage this is the larval stage that infects hosts
45
What is the 4th pre adult larval stage
The parasitic pre adult stage
46
How do benzimidazoles affect nematodes
Interfere w/ the parasites metabolism
47
What types of nematodes are affected by benzimidazoles
Hookworms, roundworms, whipworms, and lungworms
48
What types of nematodes are affected by tetrahydropyrimidines
Hookworms and roundworms
49
How do avermectins affect nematodes
The break down the neurotransmission
50
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue for ancylostoma spp
The hookworm prepatent period is 2-4 weeks and they target the small intestine
51
What are the transmission methods for ancylostoma spp
Transmammary, transcutaneous, ingestion of 3rd stage larvae from environment or paratenic host, and transplacental
52
What is the preferred methods of diagnosis for ancylostoma
Simple flotation or centrifugation
53
What/where does ancylostoma caninum affect
Dogs and throughout north america
54
What/where does ancylostoma braziliense affect
Dogs and cats it is common on the gulf coast region
55
What/where does ancylostoma tubaeformae affect
Cats and throughout north america
56
What/where does uncinaria stenocephala
Dogs (rarely cats) and northern US
57
Is ancylostoma zoonotic and how so
Yes and it can be eosinophilic enteritis and cutaneous larval migrans
58
What are the clinical signs of ancylostoma
Anemia, weakness, diarrhea, and depth but adults are typically asymptomatic
59
What is the common name, prepatent period, and what is the target tissue of toxocara spp
The roundworm has a 2-4 week prepatent period and they target the small intestine
60
What are the transmission methods for toxocara
Transplacental, transmammary, and ingestion of larvated eggs or paratenic host
61
What is the preferred diagnosis method for toxocara
Simple flotation and centrifugation
62
What are the clinical signs of toxocara
Mild and occasional vomiting, intestinal blockage, chronic unthrifiness, can be fatal in young puppies, and adults can be asymptomatic
63
Is toxocara zoonotic and how
Yes they can cause visceral larval migrans and ocular larval migrans
64
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue for toxascaris leonina
The roundworm has a prepatent of 2-4 months and it targets the small intestine
65
What is the transmission method for toxascaris leonina
The ingestion of larvated egg or paratenic host
66
What is the preferred diagnosis method for toxascaris leonina
Simple flotation or centrifugation
67
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue for trichuris vulpis
The whipworm has a 2-3 month prepatent and they target the cecum and large intestine of dogs
68
What is the transmission method of tichuris vulpis
Ingestion of the egg
69
What is the preferred diagnosis method for trichuris vulpis
Centrifugation w/ visualization of the symmetrical barrel-shaped ova w/ bipolar plugs and smooth shell wall
70
What are clinical signs of trichuris vulpis and is it zoonoic
They are not zoonic and symptoms are weight loss, unthriftiness, and watery diarrhea
71
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue for Eucoleus aerophilus
The fox lungworm has a 2-4 week prepatent period and targets the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and epithelium of nasal turbinates and sinuses of dogs and cats
72
What is the transmission method for eucoleus aerophilus
Ingestion of eggs
73
What is the peferred diagnosis method for eucoleus aerophilus
Fecal flotation or tracheal/nasal mucus samples w/ characteristics of an asymmetrical barrel shaped ova w/ bipolar plugs and smooth shell wall
74
What are the clinical signs of eucoleus aerophilus and is it zoonotic
Occasionally chronic cough and no they aren't
75
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue for physaloptera spp
The happy puker worm has a prepatent period of 2-5 months and they target the stomach of dogs and cats
76
What is the transmission method of physaloptera spp.
Ingestion of intermediate host (beetle, cockroach, and cricket)
77
What is the preferred diagnosis method for physaloptera
Fecal sedimentation w/ identification of the clear elliptical larvated ova w/ smooth shell wall
78
What are the clinical signs of physaloptera and is it zoonotic
No they are not zoonotic and clincial signs are vomiting and anorexia
79
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue of spirocerca lupi
The esophageal worm has a prepatent period of 5-6 months and they target the wall of the esophagus, stomach, and possibly the aorta of dogs
80
What are the transmission methods of spirocerca lupi
Ingestion of an intermediate host (dung beetles) or ingestion of a paratenic host (rodents, birds, and reptiles)
81
What are the clinical signs for spirocerca lupi and is it zoonotic
No they are zoonotic and the clinical signs are dysphagia and regurgitation but often times they are subclinical
82
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue of strongyloides stercoralis
The intestinal threadworm has a prepatent period of 2-4 weeks and they target the small intestine (females) but the larvae migrate through the skin, alveoli, and intestine
83
What are the transmission methods for strongyloides stercoralis
Transcutaneous and transmammary
84
What are the preferred diagnosis methods for strongyloides stercoralis
1st stage larvae w/ a baermann test and 3rd stage larvae in a fecal culture
85
What are the clinical signs of strongyloides stercoralis and are they zoonotic
Yes they are zoonotic and they are usually subclinical but they can have respiratory signs from larval migration and enteritis
86
What is the common name, prepatent, and target tissue of aelurostrongylus abstrusus
The feline lungworm has a prepatent period of 6 weeks and they target the bronchioles and alveoli in cats but the 1st stage larvae is released into the airways, coughed up, swallowed and passed in feces
87
What are the transmission methods of aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Ingestion of intermediate host (snail or slug) or ingestion of paratenic host (rodents and birds)
88
What are the preferred diagnosic methods for aelurostongylus abstrusus
The baermann technique and ZnSO4 centrifugal flotation w/ identification of a 1st stage larval tail has a severe kink (s-shaped) and dorsal spine
89
What are the clinical signs of aelurostrongylus abstrusus and are they zoonotic
No they are not zoonotic and clinical signs are possible chronic cough
90
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue of oslerus osleri
The canine tracheal/bronchial nodular worm has a prepatent period of 6-7 months and they target the tracheal bifurcation of dogs
91
What is the preferred transmission method for oslerus osleri
Ingestion of 1st stage larvae from sputum or vomitus
92
What is the preferred diagnostic methods for oslerus osleri
Endoscopy, 1st stage larvae can be found on a centrifugal flotation in ZnSO4 or transtracheal wash w/ identification of the larvae w/ an s-shaped curve back that lack a dorsal spine
93
What are the clinical signs of oslerus osleri and is it zoonotic
No they are not zoonotic and the clinical signs are cough, respiratory distress, and weight loss
94
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue of thelazia californiensis
The eye worm has a 1-3 month prepatent period and they target the conjunctiva just under the nictitating membrane
95
What is the preferred transmission method for thelazia californiensis
The fly ingests the 1st stage larvae from tears if the host making them an intermediate host then they deposit the 3rd stage larvae when feeding
96
What is the preferred diagnostic method of thelazia californiensis
Visualization of worm in the eye
97
How many intermediate hosts do cestodes require
Up to 2
98
What is the scolex
The head of the tapeworm that contains the suckers and hooks
99
What is the stroblia
The body of the tapeworm that is a string of segments
100
What are proglottids
The segments of the tapeworm
101
How does cestodes absorb nutrients
Tapeworms absorb nutrients through their body wall
102
What does a cestode egg contain
A fully developed hexacanth that has 3 pairs of hooklets and radial striations
102
Are the eggs of tapeworms infective
Only to the intermediate host
102
What are metacestodes
The larval stage of tapeworms that are found in an intermediate host or definitive host they form a cyst in whatever tissue they are present in
103
What are treatments for tapeworms
Praziquantel, bunamidine, and epsiprantel
104
What is the common name, target tissue, and prepatent period for dipylidium caninum
The cucumber seed or flea tapeworm has a prepatent period of 3 weeks and targets the small intestine
105
What is the preferred transmission method for dipylidium caninum
Ingestion of fleas
106
What are the preferred diagnostic methods for dipylidium caninum
Observation of proglottids in stool or perianal area and occasionally the eggs can appear on a fecal flotation
107
What are genital pores and how many does dipylidium caninum have
The flea tapeworm has 2 genital pores and they are where eggs are produced
108
What are the clinical signs of dipylidium caninum and is it zoonotic
Yes they are zoonotic and typically there are no clinical signs but patients can present as pruritic around their perianal area
109
What are the species of taenia that we see
For dogs we can see taenia pisiformis, taenia multiceps, taenia hydatigena, and taenia ovis and for cats we only see taenia taeniaformis
110
What is the target tissue and prepatent period for taenia spp.
The prepatent period is 1-3 months and they target the small intestine
111
What is the preferred method of transmission for taenia spp.
Ingestion of intermediate hosts such as mice for taenia taeniaformis, rabbits for taenia pisiformis, and ruminants for taenia hydatigena and taenia ovis
112
What are the preferred diagnostic methods for taenia spp.
Visualizing tapeworm segments w/ only one gential prore present and fecal flotation w/ visualization of a brown egg w/ a thick shell wall containing a hexacanth embryo
113
What are the clinical signs of taenia spp. and are zoonotic
Yes they are zoonotic and they typically are asymptomatic but patents can present as pruritic in their perianal area
114
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue of echinococcus granulosus
The hydatid tapeworm has a 6 week prepatent period and they target the small intestine
115
What is the preferred method of transmission of echinococcus granulosus
Dogs ingest it from the intermediate host (sheep, cattle, or deer)
116
What is the preferred method of diagnosis of echinococcus granulosus
Fecal flotation
117
Are there any clinical signs of echinococcus granulosus and is it zoonotic
No there are no clinical signs and yes they are zoonotic
118
What is the common name, target tissue, and prepatent period of spirometra mansonoides
The zipper tapeworm has a 10-30 day prepatent period and their target tissue is the small intestine
119
What is are the preferred methods of transmission for spirometra mansonoides
Ingestion of intermediate hosts such as frogs and snakes
120
Are spirometra mansonoides zoonotic and what are the clinical signs
Yes and their clinical signs can be vomiting and diarrhea
121
Why is spirometra mansonoides less common
Because their life cycle involves water based animals
122
What are the preferred methods of diagnosis of spirometra mansonoides
Fecal flotation and sedimentation
123
What are trematodes
Flukes
123
What is the preferred treatment method for flukes
Praziquantel
124
What is the prepatent period and target tissue for alaria spp.
The prepatent period is 3-5 weeks and they target the small intestine
125
What are the preferred transmission methods for alaria
Ingestion of frogs or paratentic host and transmammary in cats
126
What is the operculum
The little cap like structure on the ovum of trematodes
127
What are the preferred diagnostic methods for alaria
Fecal sedimentation and flotation
128
Are their any clinical signs for alaria and are they zoonotic
There are no clinical signs and they are zoonotic especially thru cooked frogs
129
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue of paragonimus kellicotti
The lung fluke has a prepatent period of 5-7 weeks and they target the lung parenchyma
130
What is the preferred transmission methods for paragonimus kellicotti
Ingestion of the second intermediate host crayfish or paratenic host
131
What are the preferred diganoistic methods for paragonimus kellicotti
Fecal sedimentation or fecal flotation w/ seeing the characteristics of yellow brown operculated ova w/ a thickened ridge along the operculum they can form cysts that can be seen on radiographs
132
What are the clinical signs of paragonimus kellicotti and are they zoonotic
The clinical signs are chronic cough, eosinophilic bronchitis, granulomatous pneumonia, and pneumothorax and yes they are zoonotic
133
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue for nanophyetus salmincola
The salmon poisioning fluke has a prepatent period of 5-10 days and they target the small intestine
134
What is the preferred transmission method of the nanophyetus salmincola
Ingestion of the second intermediate host salmon
135
What is the preferred method of diagnosis of the nanophyetus salmincola
Fecal sedimentation
136
What are the clinical signs of nanophyetus salmincola and is it zoonotic
Yes they are zoonotic and they clinical signs are fever, nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia, and death
137
What does nanophyetus salmincola serve as a vector for
Neorickettsia helminthoeca
138
What type of cellular organism is protozoan
They are single celled
139
What are the 3 parts of protozoan life cycles
Trophozoite, cysts, and oocyts
140
What is the trophozoite
Its the proliferative stage that moves to feed this is what we look for in a fecal direct
141
What is the cyst life stage of protozoan
Protective membrane or thickened wall this stage lies dormant and is infective to the next individual
142
How do protozoans move
By using flagella, cilia, pseudopodia, or undulatory ridges
143
What are flagella
Long whip like structures that are present in the trophozoites
144
What are cilia
Short flagella in tufts
145
What are pseudopodia
Temporary extensions and retractions
146
What are undulatory ridges
Small snakelike waves of cell membrane
147
What is used to treat coccidia
Sulfadimethoxine (albon)
148
What are used to treat giardia
Metronidazole and benzimidazoles
149
What is used to treat tritrichomonas
Ronidazole
150
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue of cystoisospora
Coccida has a prepatent period of 1-2 weeks and they target the small intestine, cecum, and colon of dogs
151
What is the primary method of transmisssion for cystoisospora
Ingestion of sporulated oocysts or paratenic host
152
Is cystoisospora host specific
Yes cystoisospora canis affects dogs and cystoisospora felis affects cats
153
What are the primary methods of diagnosis for cystoisospora
Fecal flotation and centrifugation w/ identification of the elliptical smooth walls containing a single round sporoblast
154
What are clinical signs of cystoisospora
Diarrhea, abdominal pain, anorexia, weight loss, bloody diarrhea, and anemia
155
What is the prepatent period and target tissue of toxoplasma gondii
The prepatent period is 3-10 days if they ingest it thru raw meat and 20-50 days if they ingest the oocysts and they target the intestine
156
What is the primary transmission methods of toxoplasma gondii
Ingestion of oocytes or bradyzoites in tissue cysts of intermediate hosts, transplacental, and transmammary
157
What are the preferred diagonstic methods for toxoplasma gondii
Fecal float and centrifugation w/ identification of the clear smooth cyst wall w/ a single sporoblast
158
What are the clinical signs of toxoplasma gondii
Fever, anorexia, lethargy, neurologic signs, uveitis, abnormal PLR, and blindness
159
What is the treatment for toxoplasma gondii
Clindamycin
160
Is toxoplasma gondii zoonotic
Yes it is a serious danger to pregant women
161
What is the common name, prepatent period, and target tissue of tritrichomonas blagburni
Trich has a prepatent period of 2 weeks and targets the large intestine of cats (rarely dogs)
162
What are the primary methods of diagnosis for tritrichomonas blagburni
Fecal direct w/ identification of the trophozoites and PCR
163
What are the clinical signs of tritrichomonas blagburni
Cats are typically asymptomatic but they can have chronic/recurrent diarrhea, decreased consumptions, proctitis, and rectal prolapse
164
What is the common name, target tissue, and prepatent period for giardia spp
Beaver fever has a 3-10 day prepatent period and they target the small intestine
165
What are the primary method of transmission for giardia spp,
Ingestion of cysts from environment
166
What are the methods of diagnosis in giardia spp.
Fecal flotation w/ ZnSO4 cysts, direct smear using lugol's iodine, and fecal antigen testing
167
What are clinical signs of giardia and is it zoonotic
Acute, chronic, or intermittent diarrhea, ill thrifty, and decreased consumption and yes they are zoonotic
168
What is the target tissue and prepatent period of neospora caninum
The prepatent period is 5 days and they target the intestine
169
What are the primary methods of transmission of neospora caninum
Ingestion of oocytes or bradyzoites in an intermediate host and transplacental
170
What are the primary methods of diagnosis of neospora caninum
Patient history, clinical signs, histopathology, serology, PCR, fecal float, and centrifugation w/ identification of the clear smooth cyst wall w/ a single sporoblast
171
What are the clinical signs of neospora caninum
Typically asymptomatic but they can present w/ neurologic disease, diarrhea, and abortion in cattle
172
What is the treatment method for neospora caninum
Clindamycin
173
What is the prepatent period and target tissue of sarcocystis spp
The prepatent period is 1-2 weeks and they target the small intestine
174
What is the preferred method of transmission of sarcocystis spp
Ingestion of intermediate host such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, camelids, and horses
175
What are the preferred methods of diagnosising sarcocystis spp
Fecal float, centrifugation w/ identification of the smooth clear wall w/ 4 banan shaped sporoites, serology, and PCR
176
What are the clinical signs of sarcocystis spp
Non pathogenic to definitive host but might present w/ diarrhea but in the intermediate host you will see myositis, abortion, and encephaitis
177
What is the treatment for sarcocystis spp
Clindamycin
178
What is the prepatent period and target tissue of cryptosporidium spp
The prepatent period is 3-6 days and the target tissue is the small intestine
179
Is cryptoporidium species specific or zoonotic
Yes it can either be felis or canis and yes it is zoonotic
180
What are the preferred methods of diagnosis of cryptosporidium spp
Fecal smear w/ acid fast stain, sugar float, PCR, and fecal antigen
181
What are clinical signs of cryptosporidium spp
Self limiting diarrhea and chronic diarrhea in cats
182
What is the head of the tick
Capitulum
183
What are the 2 types of ticks
Ixodidae are hard ticks that serve as vectors of protozoal, bacterial, viral, and rickettsial diseases and argasidae are soft ticks
184
Which ticks can cause tick paralysis w/ their saliva
Females
185
What is the chitinous cover of hard ticks
Scutum
186
What are the 4 life stages of ticks and mites
Egg, larvae (6 legs), nymphs (8 legs), and adults (8 legs and genitals)
187
What is the common name for the amblyomma americanum and what diseases is it a vector for
The lone star tick is a vector for ehrlichia spp, francisella tularensis, cytauxzoon felis
188
What is the common name for amblyomma maculatum and what is it the vector for
The gulf coast tick is the vector for hepatozoon americanum
189
What is the common name for ixodes spp and how many hosts does it have
The black legged deer tick has 3 hosts
190
What is the ixodes spp tick a vector for
Borrelia spp and ehrlichia spp
191
What is the common name for dermacentor variabilis and how many hosts does it require
The american dog tick requires 3 hosts (rodents)
192
What is the common name for dermacentor andersoni and how many hosts does it require
The rocky mountain wood tick requires 3 hosts
193
What are the dermacentor ticks vectors for
Rickettsia rickettsii, anaplasma marginale in cattle, babesia spp in dogs and horses
194
What is the common name for rhipicephalus sanguineus and how many vectors does it require
The brown dog tick requies 3 dog hosts
195
What is the rhipicephalus sanguineus a vector for
Babesia canis and ehrlichia canis
196
What is the medical name for lice infestation
Pediculosis
197
How are lice flattened
Dorsoventrally
198
What are the 2 types of lice
Anoplura are blood sucking lice that have a piercing mouthparts, narrow head, and affect placental mammals and mallophaga are chewing lice that have stout mandibles, broad heads, and affect birds and mammals
199
What is the common name, target tissue, and transmission methods of linognathus setosus
The sucking louse targets the hair or skin and is transmitted either direct or fomites
200
What kind of lice is the linognathus setosus and what clinical signs can appear
An anopluran louse and it can cause severe pruritus, dermatitis, and anemia
201
How can you diagnosis linognathus setosus
W/ the presence of louse w/ a narrow head and large pairs of the 2nd and 3rd legs
202
What is the common name, target tissue, and methods of transmission for trichodectes canis
The chewing louse in dogs targets the skin or hair in the epidermal layer and it is transmitted direct or fomites
203
What type of louse is trichodectes canis, what is it the vector for, and what are the clinical signs
It is a mallophagan louse, it is the vector for dipylidium caninum, and clinical signs are pruritus and poor hair coat
204
How can you diagnosis trichodectes canis
Presence of lice and nits
205
What is the common name, target tissue, and methods of transmission for felicola subrostratus
The chewing louse in cats targets the skin or hair of the epidermal layer and is transmitted either direct or fomites
206
What kind of louse is felicola subrostratus and what clinical signs do patients present w/
It is a mallophagan louse found only in cats and clinical signs are pruritus and excoriations
207
How can you diagnosis felicola subrostratus
Presence of lice and nits but cats grooming habits can make this difficult
208
What is the cat flea
Ctenocephalides felis felis
209
What is the dog flea
Ctenocephalides canis
210
What direction are fleas flattened
Laterally flattened
211
What is the target tissue of fleas and how are they transmitted
They target the skin and are transmitted via close contact w/ contaminated environment
212
What are clinical signs of ctenocephalides spp
Pruritus, alopecia, anemia, and hypersensitive reactions
213
What are fleas the intermediate host of
The larva are intermediate hosts for dipylidium caninum and the adult is an intermediate host of dipetalonema reconditum
214
What are the 2 types of mites
Burrowing or non burrowing
215
How can you identify mites
By the length and segmentation of the stalk on the jointed appendages
216
What is the common name, type, where it lives, and life cycle of sarcoptes scabiei
Scabies or sarcoptic mange burrow in the dermis of its specific host (scabiei for cats and canis for dogs) where the females lay their eggs
217
How is sarcoptes scabiei transmitted and is it zoonotic
It is transmitted via direct contact and it is not zoonotic
218
What are the clinical signs of sarcoptes scabiei and how is it diagnosed
It causes severe pruritus, alopecia, thickened skin, and hyperkeratosis it is diagnosed w/ a skin scape or fecal w/ identification for suckers on long unsegmented stalks
219
What is the common name and life cycle of notoedres cati
The feline mange mite or ear mange mite burrows into the skin where the females lay their eggs
220
What is the transmission method, diagnosis method, and clinical signs of notoedres cati
It is transmissited via direct contact, clinical signs are typically only present around the head or neck, and diagnosis is based on the appearance of suckers on a long unsegmented stalks that appears on skin scape or fecals
221
What is the common name, type, and transmission method for otodectes cynotis
The ear mite is non burrowing and is transmitted via direct contact this is contagious
222
How do you diagnosis otodectes cynotis and what are the clinical signs
The ear mite can be diagnosed w/ identification of short suckers on unsegmented stalks via otoscopic or ear swab and the clinical signs are otitis externa, black/waxy cerumen, severe pruritus, and self trauma
223
What is the common name for demodex spp, is it host specific and what type is it
The demodectic mange is host specific (canis and cati) and burrow in the hair follicles
224
What is the name for a demodex infestation
Demodicosis
225
What is the transmission method, method of diagnosis, and clinical signs of demodex spp
It is transmitted neonatal, diagnosed via skin scape or fecal exam, and clinical signs are often aysmptomatic but can present w/ alopecia, pustules, folliculitis, and furunculosis
226
What is the common name of demodex gatoi, what type is it, and is it contagious
Demodectic mange for cats is a non burrowing that lives in the stratum corneum and is contagious
227
How do you diagnosis demodex gatoi and what are the clinical signs
Diagnosed w/ identification of shorter and more rounded stalk via skin scrape or fecal and clincial signs are either asymptomatic or pruritic, dermatitis, ulcers on lips, and miliary dermatitis
228
What is the common name for cheyletiella spp, are they host specific, and are they zoonotic
The walking dandruff, yes they are host specific (yasguri for dogs and blakei for cats), and it is not zoonotic
229
How are cheyletiella transmitted, diagnosed, and the clinical signs
They can be transmitted via direct contact or fomites, diagnosed via mite comb, skin scrape, or tape test w/ identification of large palpal claws, and clincial sings can be crusting of skin and pruritus but typically asymptomatic
230
What is the common name of cuterebra spp and how is it diagnosed
The rodent bot fly is diagnosed w/ subcutaneous cysts w/ breathing holes w/ identification of large light to dark red larvae w/ dark spines
231
How are cuterebra spp transmitted
Adult flies lay eggs near the entrance of rodent burrows and the larvae crawl onto animals near the face and migrate to subcutaneous tissue
