Lab Final

Question 1

What are the 3 ways to achieve a total leukocyte count

Answer 1

Automated, manual, and estimate

Question 2

What is used to do a manual total leukocyte count

Answer 2

A hemocytometer

Question 3

Which method of doing a leukocyte count is the most accurate

Answer 3

The manual

Question 4

What other things go into a WBC evaluation

Answer 4

Differential leukocyte count, leukocyte morphology, and leukocyte inclusions

Question 5

What two things go into differential leukocyte count

Answer 5

Differential (%) and absolute (acutal #)

Question 6

What objective is used for a WBC estimate

Answer 6

10x

Question 7

What do you multiply the avg WBC count per field by to obtain a WBC estimate

Answer 7

330

Question 8

What is the equation for total WBC count using a hemacytometer

Answer 8

Avg WBC * 50 = WBC/microliter

Question 9

What do we do w/ the total WBCs in the 4 squares of the 2 quadrants

Answer 9

We make sure the two numbers are with in 10% of each other

Question 10

What are the different types of platelets can be seen on a blood smear

Answer 10

Activate, not activated, giant platelets, or platelet clumping

Question 11

What is platelet clumping

Answer 11

Gathered platelets that are common in cats, is technique sensitive, and automatic machine doesn’t count as platelets because they are large

Question 12

What are the 4 things can be used to identify WBCs

Answer 12

Size, nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, cytoplasm, and nucleus

Question 13

How do you think about WBC size for identification

Answer 13

How many RBCs will fit into the cell

Question 14

How do you use the cytoplasm to identify WBCs

Answer 14

Color and presence of granules

Question 15

How can the nucleus of WBCs be used for identification

Answer 15

Shape, chromatin, and presence of nucleoli

Question 16

What is the most numerous circulating WBC

Answer 16

Segmented neutrophil

Question 17

What are characteristics of segmented neutrophil

Answer 17

Condensed dark staining chromatin w/ clumped areas, 1-5 segments is normal, a pinch must be 2/3 of the thickness to be a mature, and barr bodies may be present if female

Question 18

What are characteristics of the cytoplasm of a segmented neutrophil

Answer 18

Pale staining being clear or light pink in color depending on how long it was in each stain

Question 19

What is the second most numerous WBC

Answer 19

Lymphocytes

Question 20

What is the general size of a lymphocyte in dogs and cats

Answer 20

Most commonly a little larger than a RBC

Question 21

What are characteristics of a lymphocytes nucleus

Answer 21

Mostly round w/ the occasional slight indentation or cleave, takes up to 80% of cell size or more, intensely stained, and pyknotic

Question 22

What are characteristics of the cytoplasm of a lymphocyte

Answer 22

Minimal present, pale blue, often squished to one side of the nucleus, and frequently molds to the shape of the RBCs around it like an ameoba

Question 23

What is the 3rd most numerous cell in the WBC

Answer 23

Monocyte

Question 24

What are characteristics of the monocyte

Answer 24

Largest cell in circulation as it phagocytizes other cells it gets bigger and gains more vacuoles

Question 25

What are characteristics of a monocytes nucleus

Answer 25

Large variably shaped nucleus w/ clumped chromatin that stains pale purple in wright's stain

Question 26

What characteristics of a monocytes cytoplasm

Answer 26

Blue/grey, vacuoles often present, and irregular shaped cytoplasm

Question 27

What is the biggest identifying characteristic of eosinophils

Answer 27

The granules

Question 28

What are characteristics of an eosinophil nucleus

Answer 28

Minor segmentation commonly broken into two lobes, clumped chromatin but not as dark staining as a neutrophil, and granules may overlay the nucleus

Question 29

What are characteristics of an eosionophils cytoplasm

Answer 29

Pale blue w/ distinct granules that are the same color of the RBC's

Question 30

What is the difference between the granules in a dog eosinophil and a cat eosinophil

Answer 30

Dog granules are round and variably sized while cats are rod shaped and equal in size

Question 31

What are characteristics of a basophil nucleus

Answer 31

Multi-segmented occasionally separated and has mild chromatin clumping

Question 32

What is a charcteristic of the basophil cytoplasm

Answer 32

Grey/blue w/ round granules

Question 33

What are the differences between the basophil of a dog and cat

Answer 33

In the dog there are a few very dark blue staining round granules and in the cat they may be lavender colored round granules

Question 34

What are smudge cells

Answer 34

Ruptured cell that we don't count but it can falsely increase the number of lymphocytes

Question 35

What is the most common younger WBC seen on a blood smear

Answer 35

A band neutrophil

Question 36

What does a band neutrophil nucleus look like

Answer 36

A horseshoe but not always

Question 37

How much of the thickness of the neutrophil nucleus has to be pinched in order to be considered a mature neutrophil

Answer 37

2/3 of the thickness

Question 38

What is a metamyelocyte

Answer 38

One stage younger than a band, indented or kidney bean shaped nucleus, and larger than other mature stages

Question 39

What are toxic changes that can be seen in a neutrophil

Answer 39

Foamy blue cytoplasm, vacuoles, dohle bodies, larger than normal, and may retain primary granulation

Question 40

What are reactive lymphocytes

Answer 40

Larger than atypical, not common unless an immune stimulation occurs (vaccines), and brilliant blue cytoplasm

Question 41

What are atypical lymphocytes

Answer 41

Increased size, may have granules, and indented nucleus

Question 42

What is the significance of hypersegmented neutrophils

Answer 42

They are older neutrophils

Question 43

What do ehrlichia canis look like

Answer 43

A single morulae in cytoplasm that is larger than a dole body

Question 44

What WBCs does parasites typically live in

Answer 44

A monocyte or neutrophils

Question 45

What is the distemper virus comprised of in the WBC

Answer 45

Aggregates of viral particles that are round and variable in size and pink/lavender in color

Question 46

What cells can distemper be found in

Answer 46

RBCs and WBCs

Question 47

Is distemper common

Answer 47

No it is rarely seen even w/ confirmed infection

Question 48

What is hepatazoon canis

Answer 48

Tick borne when the dog ingests the tick

Question 49

What kind of infection is histplasmosis

Answer 49

Fungal