Exam 1 Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
Battery
A
nurse restrains a patient and administers an injection against their wishes
2
Q
Defamation of character
A
A nurse tells a coworker that she believes the client was unfaithful to his wife.
slander- oral
libel- written
3
Q
Assault
A
A nurse threatens to place an NG tube when a client refused to eat the meal provided.
4
Q
Breach of confidentiality
A
A nurse releases a patient’s medical record to a member of the press.
5
Q
False imprisonment
A
A nurse uses restraints on a competent patient to prevent them from leaving the facility.
6
Q
Negligence
A
A nurse fails to implement safety measures for a patient that is a high fall risk.
7
Q
Beneficence
A
Action(s) that promote good for others without any self-interest.
8
Q
Fidelity
A
Truthfulness and the fulfillment of promises that were made.
9
Q
Advocate
A
One that speaks for and protects the rights of another.
10
Q
Spirituality
A
Latin for “breath of life.”
11
Q
Civil law
A
guarantees individual rights
12
Q
torte
A
violation of civil law
a wrong against an individual
13
Q
Crime
A
wrong against society
imprisonment and/or fines may result if one is convicted of a crime
14
Q
What did Florence Nightingale imrpove?
A
ventilation
sanitation
nutrition
15
Q
What did Nightingale base her curriculum on?
A
nutrition
fresh, clean air
occupational and recreational therapy
help identify and meet patients personal needs, including providing emotional support
directed toward two conditions- health & illness
nursing is distinct and separate from medicine and should be taught by nurses
continuing education is needed
16
Q
Who is Florence Nightingale?
A
Crimean War
Germany
protestant order of women who cared for the sick
dropped death rate from 60% to 1%
17
Q
Who is Dorothea Dix?
A
organized women volunteers to provide nursing care for soldiers. Similar to nursing assistants
18
Q
Who is Clara Barton?
A
took volunteers into the field hospitals to care for soldiers of both armies
founded the American Red Cross
19
Q
Who is Lillian Wald?
A
took nursing into the community
20
Q
What did Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster do?
A
in 1893 they established the Henry Street Settlement Service in New York City. Focused on health needs of poor people
21
Q
apprenticeship
A
learning by doing
22
Q
How was nursing in the US different than Nightingale nursing?
A
students staffed hospital without pay.
no formal classes- education through work
no set curriculum- content varied
instruction done at bedside by physicians
23
Q
Goals of nursing
A
to promote wellness
to prevent illness
to facilitate coping
to restore health
24
Q
roles of practical nurse
A
caregiver
educator
collaborator
advocate
manager
25
Caregiver
implement interventions to improve, maintain, or restore health
26
Educator
health teaching and counseling to promote wellness, prevent illness
27
Collaborator
work with RN and health care team to provide continuity of care
28
advocate
champion for the patient's best interests
29
manager
assign tasks to nurse assistant or other ancillary personnel
30
evidence based nursing
nursing care that uses the best research evidence couples with the clinical expertise of the clinician, considering the values of the patient
31
What are nurse practice acts?
generally define nursing activities, state the legal requirements and titles for nursing licensure, and establish what education is needed for nurses to become licensed.
protect the public and define legal scope of practice.
32
What do Nurse practice acts do?
separates what an LPN, RN, and advanced practice nurse can do
33
Preventative care
education
prevention
34
primary care
early detection and routine care
35
secondary care
emergency treatment
critical care
surgical procedures
therapy
lab & diagnostics
36
tertiary care
special care- highly technical services
includes restorative and continuing care
assisted living
extended care
37
restorative care
intermediate follow-up care: surgical post op
rehabilitation
home care
38
continuing care
long-term care
chronic care
personal care
hospice care
39
PPO
offer discount on fees in return for a large pool of potential patients
40
HMO
type of group practice
enroll patients for a set fee per month
provide limited network of physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers from which to choose
41
DRG
created by Medicare as attempt to contain rising health care costs.
a hospital receives a set amount of money for a patient who is hospitalized with a certain diagnosis
42
Advance Directive
written statement expressing the patients wishes regarding future consent for or refusal of treatment if patient incapable of decision making
43
Appeal
challenge to a court decision
44
civil law
personal or individual conditions guaranteed by the constitution and federal or regulatory law
45
competent
mentally and emotionally able to understand and act
46
controlled substance
specific drugs with a potential for abuse
47
crime
violation of public law
48
damages
monetary award to injured plaintiff when defendant is found responsible
49
defendant
person accused of violation of public law or civil law
50
emancipated minor
person under 18 who is legally considered an adult
51
felony
serious crime that may result in prison term of more than 1 year
52
health care agent
person designated by patient to make health care decisions when patient is incapacitated
53
liability
responsibility to pay or compensate for a loss or injury resulting from one's negligence
54
litigation
lawsuit
legal process to prove facts of a dispute
55
malpractice
a professional causes harm by failing to meet the standard of care
56
malpractice insurance
policy that protects a nurse from the expense in the defense of a lawsuit
57
medical power of attorney
legal assignment of the ability to make health care decisions for another person
58
misdemeanor
less serious crime than felony
may result in fines, imprisonment of 1 year or less or both
59
negligence
departure from the standard of care
60
plaintiff
person who believes they have been injured by the actions of another and seeks to prove it in a court of law
61
power of attorney
legal action to allow a person to conduct business matters for another
62
precedent
a judicial decision that is used as a guide in interpreting the law and deciding cases afterward
63
privileged relationship
one that requires confidentiality
trust the info gained in relationship will not be made public
64
statute
legal term for law
65
3 sources of law
the constitution and Bill of rights
laws made by elected officials
regulations made by agencies created by elected officials
66
judicial law
will enact a law and then make sure it supports the constitution
results when a law or court decision is challenged and the judge affirms or reverses the decision
67
governing bodies
agencies that regulate those elected
68
ethics committee
will look at a problem from every angle to make sure it is ethical
69
constitutional law
provides for basic rights and creates legislative bodies
70
administrative law
comes from agencies created by the legislature
71
professional accountability
a nurse's responsibility to meet the patient's health care needs in a safe, effective, and caring way.
ask for assistance when unsure, perform tasks in a safe manner, report & document assessments & interventions, evaluate care given and patient's response
72
delegation
the assignment of duties to another person
the nurse should supervise and evaluate the care that is provided
73
5 rights of delegation
right task
right circumstance
right person
right supervision
right direction/ communication
74
standards of care
defined in nursing procedure books, institutional polices, procedures or protocols, and nursing journals
75
professional discipline
considered negligence not to report another professional's misconduct
state boards of nursing are responsible for disciplining
76
What is Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act CAPTA?
defines child abuse and neglect as any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm
77
how does CAPTA affect nursing
we are required to report suspected child abuse
78
sentinel event
an unexpected patient care event that results in death or serious injury to the patient
79
who tracks sentinel events?
Joint commission to improve hospital safety
80
who owns the medical records?
it is the property of the hospital, agency or primary care provider
81
What is HIPAA
creation of regulations regarding patient privacy and electronic medical records
rules protect the way the patient info is conveyed and stored an who info may be revealed to
82
6 patient rights of HIPAA
consent
notice
access
amendment
accounting for disclosures
restriction of disclosure
83
consent
permission given by patient or legal representative to perform treatment
84
informed consent
indicates patient's participation in the decision making process
85
4 elements of informed consent
be told risks and benefits of the proposed treatment
be told the possible consequences of not having the procedure done
be told alternatives to the treatment
be told the name of the health care professional who will perform the procedure
86
who can consent
person or legal agent for the person
must be freely signed and must be witnessed by another adult
older than 18 and competent
emancipated minor
competent person
87
Advanced directive
a consent that has been constructed before the need for it arises.
it spells out a patient's wishes regarding surgery and diagnostic and therapeutic treatments
88
durable power of attorney
a document that gives legal poser to a health care agent who is chosen by the patient to follow patient's advance directives and make medical decisions on their behalf
89
DNR
written by a physician when patient has indicated a desire to allowed to die if they stop breathing or their heart stops
90
AMA
wants to discharge against medical advice
the patient signs a form and releases the hospital and staff of responsibility for any consequences that occur because the patient's leaving
patient must be competent
91
Protective devices
may be mechanical such as locks, rails, belts, garments that prevent a person from getting out of room, bed, or chair
chemical- drugs such as sedatives or tranquilizers that sedate the patient so that they are unable to move about
92
beneficence
to do good
taking positive action to help others
93
nonmaleficence
to avoid causing harm to someone
94
veracity
being honest and truthful
95
fidelity
keeping promises
96
autonomy
respecting someone's self-determination
97
justice
treating people with fairness
98
privacy and confidentiality
respecting patient privacy and confidential info
99
culture
a collection of beliefs, values, and assumptions about life that is shared and maintained by a group of people and transmitted intergenerationally
100
ethnicity
used to define a group of people who share the common and distinct culture based on shared ancestry, social experience, and regional and/or national history
101
race
social classification that assigns a group membership based on physical characteristics such as skin color
102
spirituality
origins in Latin and can be translated as breath of life
deeply subjective experience that tries to explain one's relationship to the wholeness of the physical and nonphysical world and the meaning of one's life
103
Religion
a formalized system of belief and worship
104
ritual
practices related to health, illness, birth and death and prescribed behaviors that are part of organized religion and sometimes spirituality
105
Religious beliefs
convictions or opinions derived from religious doctrine that one considers true
106
faith
a belief that cannot be proven or for which no material evidence exists
107
atheist
a person who does not believe in high power or powers or does not subscribe to any religious doctrine
108
agnostic
person who neither believes in nor denies the existence of a higher power or powers because it cannot be completely proved or disproved through existing knowledge systems
109
Christianity main branches
Roman catholic, eastern orthodox, protestant
110
common themes of christianity
strict monotheism expressed as belief that there is only 1 god
bible is primary text and resource
churches have specified and hierarchical organizational structure
organized set of rituals to address life events.
111
Jehovah's witnesses beliefs
abortion is not practiced
abstain from receiving blood and blood products. Dextran needed
organ transplant may be accepted, but the organ must be cleansed with nonblood product
only meat drained of blood can be eaten
112
Muslim beliefs and health care
baby bath immediately after birth; father whispers prayer in right ear, iqamah in left ear
food must be halal
autopsies performed only for legal or medical reasons
birth control must be agreed upon mutually
always knock before entering
females may request females
113
Hindu dietary practices
beef- prohibited
pork, all meat- avoided by most devout
eggs/dairy, fish- avoided by some
alcohol- usually avoided
114
Muslim dietary practices
pork- prohibited or strongly discouraged
all meat- permitted but some restrictions apply
ritual slaughter of animals- practiced
alcohol- prohibited or strongly discouraged
caffeine- strongly discouraged
115
Dextran
blood expander
needed for Jehovah's witness
116
6 barriers to cultural competence
stereotyping,
prejudice and racism,
ethnocentrism,
cultural imposition,
cultural conflict,
cultural shock
117
stereotyping
applying certain beliefs and behaviors about a culture to an individual or group without assessing individual needs
118
generalizations
identify common trends, patterns, and beliefs of a group
may be true for the group but not necessarily be true for an individual
119
prejudice
defined as an emotional manifestation of negative stereotypes and deeply held beliefs about a group
120
racism
a from of prejudice that takes place when individuals, groups, and/ or institutions exercise power against groups that are judged inferior
121
ethnocentrism
the belief that one's own cultural group determines the standards by which other groups' behavior should be judged
122
cultural blindness
an inability to recognize the differences between one's own cultural beliefs, values, and practices and those of another culture
123
cultural imposition
the act of imposing one's own cultural beliefs, values, and practices on individuals and groups from another culture
124
cultural relativism
is an ability to recognize that each cultural group has its own set of beliefs and that each culture should be evaluated on its own merit
125
cultural conflict
perceived threat arising from misunderstanding of expectations when nurses are unable to respond appropriately to another individual's cultural practice because they are unfamiliar with the practice
126
cultural shock
the feeling of helplessness, discomfort, and disorientation experienced by an individual attempting to understand or effectively adapt to a cultural group whose beliefs and values are radically different from the individual's culture
127
cultural awareness
involves understanding the health is expressed differently across cultures and that culture influences an individual's response to health, illness, disease, and death
128
cultural sensitivity
ability to engage and communicate with an individual from another culture in a manner that demonstrates respect for their cultural norms and beliefs
129
cultural competence
involves knowing yourself and examining your own values, attitudes, beliefs, and prejudices
130
dialect
identifiable variation of a language specific to a particular group or region
131
spiritual disconnection
may be related to feelings of guilt and unworthiness if the patient views illness as punishment for wrongdoing or sin
132
curandero
folk healer
Hispanic Americans
133
patriarchal
male dominated
134
matriarchal
female dominated
135
egalitarian
equal between spouses
136
kosher
no mixing of milk and meat
specific preparation
orthodox judaism
137
transcultural nursing
as nursing care that recognizes cultural diversity and it sensitive to the cultural needs of the patient and family
138
values
based on the messages communicated and reinforced within the person's sociocultural context from an early age
139
enculturation
cultural beliefs and norms transferred from a group to the individual group members, who may adopt them and incorporate them into their personal values and beliefs
140
worldview
a comprehensive system of beliefs used by individuals and groups to explain and interpret reality
141
capitated cost
are paid at a set fee for every patient enrolled in the network each year
