Exam 1

Question 1

someone’s internal sense of who they are

Answer 1

gender identity

Question 2

external representation of gender identity through clothing, behavior, or other characteristics

Answer 2

gender expression

Question 3

male, female, merm, ferm, and herm

Answer 3

fausto-sterling five sexes

Question 4

chromosomes, hormones, and genitalia

Answer 4

elements used to categorize sex

Question 5

presence of xyy or xyyy chromosomes, leading to increased impulsivity

Answer 5

jacob’s syndrome

Question 6

presence of xxy chromosomes, leading to a less masculine physique

Answer 6

klinefelter’s syndrome

Question 7

absence of only one x chromosome (xo) leading to lack of androgens and estrogens

Answer 7

turner’s syndrome

Question 8

genetic mutation impacting adrenal glands, changing development

Answer 8

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 9

xy body, but unable to process androgens and did not prompt male sex differentiation as a fetus

Answer 9

complete androgen insensitivity syndrome

Question 10

published booklets on urnings

Answer 10

karl heinric ulrichs

Question 11

discovered morphological effects of estrogen and testosterone

Answer 11

eugene steinach

Question 12

coined the term “sexo-aesthetic inversion”

Answer 12

havelock ellis

Question 13

coined the term “transvestite” and wrote about transgender people

Answer 13

magnus hirschfield

Question 14

underwent the first mtf surgery

Answer 14

dora richter

Question 15

medical pioneer of hormone treatments for trans patients

Answer 15

harry benjamin

Question 16

transgender actress and celebrity in the 1950s

Answer 16

christine jorgensen

Question 17

focuses of gender research over time

Answer 17

1. establishing male superiority
2. masculinity and femininity as a bipolar scale
3. masculinity and femininity as distinct concepts
4. gender as a social construction

Question 18

gender identity disorder was added to dsm in _____

Answer 18

1980

Question 19

gid was changed to gender dysphoria in _____

Answer 19

2013

Question 20

people tend to answer questions in a way that they think others want them to respond

Answer 20

social desirability

Question 21

journals are less likely to publish results that show men and women are the same

Answer 21

null results

Question 22

unintentional influence done by experimenter

Answer 22

experimenter effects

Question 23

sex differentiation at 6 weeks

Answer 23

undifferentiated by sex, sry gene initiates development of testes

Question 24

sex differentiation at 8 weeks

Answer 24

gonads produce hormones, presence of testosterone creates testes, lack of testosterone creates female organs

Question 25

sex differentiation at 12 weeks

Answer 25

external genitalia are typically differentiated

Question 26

heritable traits of parents that influence family environment

Answer 26

passive interaction

Question 27

individual's genetic tendency that evokes specific treatment from others

Answer 27

evocative interaction

Question 28

individual's genetic tendency leads them to choose certain environments

Answer 28

active interaction

Question 29

sex differences in skills

Answer 29

females: verbal, reading, writing males: navigation, aggression, visuospatial

Question 30

sex differences in brain structure

Answer 30

females: larger hippocampus and corpus callosum males: larger brain and amygdala

Question 31

hormone associated with aggression and sex drive

Answer 31

testosterone

Question 32

hormone associated with mood and learning

Answer 32

estrogen

Question 33

survival of the fittest, most optimal traits survive and reporuce

Answer 33

natural selection

Question 34

natural selection that operates on traits that influence an organism's ability to attract mates

Answer 34

sexual selection

Question 35

the sex for whom reproduction is more costly will be more selective when choosing sexual partners

Answer 35

parental investment theory

Question 36

males and female have different preferences in traits for different lengths of mating times

Answer 36

sexual strategies theory

Question 37

genders are sets of roles and expectations that are upheld by society and typically associated with a sex, but are not biologically fixed

Answer 37

social construction of gender

Question 38

if modeled bx is reinforced, it will be replicated, and if it is punished it will not be replicated

Answer 38

social learning theory

Question 39

gender typical bx is reinforced, gender atypical bx is punished or ignored

Answer 39

gender-role socialiszation theory

Question 40

steps of social role theory

Answer 40

1. socialization and biological factors create a division of labor 2. division of labor causes differences in gender expectations 3. gender expectations create gender differences in behavior

Question 41

gender identity labeling (2-3), gender stability (4-5) and gender constancy (5-7)

Answer 41

cognitive development theory of gender

Question 42

gender identity leads to adoption of gendered traits

Answer 42

gender self-socialization theory

Question 43

cultural learning of gender leads to the creation of gender schemas, which creates gender organized thinking and behavior

Answer 43

gender schema theory

Question 44

genetic predispositions and brain development interact with the environment and culture

Answer 44

psychobiosocial model

Question 45

division of labor influences the social construction of gender roles

Answer 45

biosocial constructionist theory