Exam 1 Flashcards
(20 cards)
Who is considered the founder of modern nursing?
Florence Nightingale
Introduced hygiene, sanitation, and training programs.
What are the characteristics of nursing as a profession?
Requires extended education, a well-defined body of knowledge, autonomy, a code of ethics, and public service.
These elements define nursing’s professional standards.
Name the levels of care in health care delivery.
- Primary: Health promotion
- Secondary: Acute illness diagnosis/treatment
- Tertiary: Specialized care
- Restorative: Rehab after injury or surgery
- Continuing care: Long-term, hospice, assisted living
Each level serves different patient needs.
What does EBP stand for?
Evidence-Based Practice
Improves outcomes using research.
Fill in the blank: The four stages of infection are ______, prodromal, illness, and convalescence.
Incubation
What is the purpose of the nursing code of ethics?
A guide for professional conduct
Includes principles like autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and fidelity.
List the major nursing theories.
- Nightingale: Environment affects health
- Peplau: Nurse-patient relationship as therapeutic
- Orem: Self-care deficits
- Leininger: Cultural competence in care
- Neuman: Stress and patient’s reaction to stressors
- Roy: Adaptation model
- Watson: Human caring theory
- Benner: Novice to expert clinical knowledge development
These theories provide frameworks for nursing practice.
What are modifiable risk factors for health?
- Lifestyle
- Diet
- Smoking
These factors can be changed to influence health outcomes.
True or False: Nursing-sensitive outcomes are patient outcomes directly influenced by nursing care.
True
What is the purpose of patient-centered care?
Focuses on respect, coordination, and emotional support
Aims to meet patients’ individual needs.
What is the primary focus of Maslow’s Hierarchy?
From basic (physiological needs) to higher-level (self-actualization)
Used to prioritize nursing care and assess patient motivation.
What are the categories of isolation precautions?
- Standard Precautions
- Contact Precautions
- Droplet Precautions
- Airborne Precautions
Each category is based on the mode of infection.
Fill in the blank: The six steps of EBP include ask a clinical question, collect the best evidence, critically appraise the evidence, integrate evidence with clinical expertise and patient values, evaluate the outcome, and ______.
Share the results
What are some environmental hazards to patient safety?
- Physical hazards (falls, fire, poison, electrical shocks)
- Transmission of pathogens (airborne, contact, droplet)
- Pollution, poor lighting, clutter
These hazards can lead to patient injuries.
What should be done before using restraints on a patient?
Assess every 2 hours; use only when necessary and with physician order.
Alternatives should be attempted first.
What is the focus of developmental theories in nursing care?
Use developmental tasks to tailor interventions
For example, encourage autonomy in toddlers and support identity in adolescents.
What is the role of normal flora in the body?
Acts as a body defense against infections
Found in areas like the skin and GI tract.
What is the Morse Fall Scale used for?
Fall risk assessment
Helps identify patients at risk for falls.
What is the purpose of patient ID safety goals?
Use 2 identifiers
Ensures correct patient identification.
What is the recommended handwashing duration?
At least 20 seconds with soap and water
Alcohol-based rub is acceptable unless hands are visibly soiled.
