Exam 4 & 5 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What is the difference between complementary and alternative therapies?
Complementary therapies are used with conventional medicine, while alternative therapies are used instead of conventional treatment.
Examples include acupuncture with chemotherapy for complementary therapy and herbal medicine replacing medications for alternative therapy.
What are the types of relaxation therapies?
- Deep breathing
- Progressive muscle relaxation
- Guided imagery
These therapies are aimed at promoting relaxation and reducing stress.
What are signs of relaxation?
- Decreased heart rate (HR)
- Decreased respiratory rate (RR)
- Decreased blood pressure (BP)
- Relaxed muscles
- Calm facial expression
These signs indicate that a person has achieved a state of relaxation.
Define imagery in the context of relaxation.
Imagery is the mental visualization for relaxation or healing.
What is meditation?
Meditation involves mindfulness and focused breathing to calm the mind.
What is breathwork?
Breathwork is the conscious control of breathing to reduce anxiety and enhance focus.
What is the distinction between religion and spirituality?
Religion is a structured belief system with practices, rituals, and community, whereas spirituality is a personal sense of meaning, purpose, and connection.
How can spiritual practices affect health?
- Influence decisions about treatment
- Influence diet
- Affect end-of-life care
- Provide strength and hope
- Enhance coping with illness
It’s important to approach these practices with respect and nonjudgment.
What is the nurse’s role in loss, grief, and death?
- Provide presence
- Listen
- Educate on the dying process
- Offer comfort
- Advocate for patient wishes
This includes discussing advance directives and palliative care.
What are the patterns and characteristics of normal grief?
- Sadness
- Anger
- Guilt
- Sleep issues
These are common emotional responses during the grieving process.
What is anticipatory grief?
Anticipatory grief occurs before an actual loss, such as in terminal illness.
What is complicated grief?
Complicated grief can be chronic, delayed, exaggerated, or masked.
What variables can affect the grief response?
- Age
- Personality
- Coping skills
- Relationship to the deceased
- Support systems
- Cultural/religious beliefs
These factors can significantly influence how an individual experiences grief.
What is the focus of collaboration in palliative care?
The focus is on comfort, dignity, and quality of life, supporting the family during and after death.
What are key structures involved in oxygenation?
- Lungs
- Heart
- Alveoli
- Capillaries
- Diaphragm
These structures play a critical role in the process of gas exchange and oxygen delivery.
What is cardiac output (CO) and how is it calculated?
Cardiac Output (CO) is calculated as heart rate (HR) multiplied by stroke volume.
Define preload in the context of cardiac physiology.
Preload is the blood volume returning to the heart.
What is afterload?
Afterload is the resistance the heart pumps against.
What factors affect cardiac output?
- Heart rate (HR)
- Stroke volume
- Preload
- Afterload
- Contractility
These factors directly influence the efficiency of blood circulation.
What are clinical outcomes of cardiac problems?
- Arrhythmias
- Fatigue
- Dyspnea
- Hypotension
- Murmurs
- Chest pain
- Myocardial infarction (MI)
- Cyanosis
- Confusion
These symptoms can indicate serious cardiac issues.
What are risk factors for impaired oxygenation?
- Smoking
- Immobility
- Obesity
- Anemia
- Chronic disease
- Allergens
Identifying risk factors can help in prevention and management.
What are some physical manifestations of impaired oxygenation?
- Dyspnea
- Accessory muscle use
- Low oxygen saturation (SpO₂)
- Cyanosis
- Altered level of consciousness (LOC)
These manifestations can indicate a need for immediate medical attention.
What are some nursing interventions for oxygenation?
- Vaccines
- Smoking cessation
- Oxygen therapy
- Suctioning
- Medications
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Breathing exercises
Each intervention targets different aspects of respiratory health.
What are common oxygen devices and their flow rates?
- Nasal cannula: 1–6 L/min
- Simple mask: 6–10 L/min
- Non-rebreather mask: Up to 15 L/min
Proper assessment of fit and patient response is necessary.
