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Biochemistry > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

configuration

A

arrangement of atoms around a chiral center

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2
Q

conformation

A

arrangement of atoms in space

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3
Q

isomers

A

2 different chemical compounds which have the same chemical composition but are physically distinct and separable

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4
Q

anomers

A

a chiral center which was not initially present in a molecule but was created by intramolecular bonding

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5
Q

epimers

A

2 stereoisomers which differ only in one chiral center

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6
Q

alpha helix

A

a type of secondary structure commonly found in proteins which is characterized by 3.6 residues per turn and a phi angle of -57 degrees and a psi angle of -47 degrees for a right handed helix and a phi angle of 57 degrees and a psi angle of 47 degrees for a left handed helix

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7
Q

alanine

A

an amino acid with an aliphatic or methyl side chain functional group (Ala) [A]

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8
Q

amino acid

A

a biomolecule; an amino group, a carboxylic acid group, a proton and another functional group attached to the same carbon = an alpha amino carboxylic acid

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9
Q

amphibolic

A

a metabolic pathway which has the characteristics of both catabolism and anabolism

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10
Q

anabolism

A

a metabolic pathway which consumes energy (ATP) to synthesize biomolecules

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11
Q

arginine

A

an amino acid with a guanidinium side chain functional group (Arg) [R] {pka 12.5}

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12
Q

asparagine

A

an amino acid with an amide side chain functional group (Asn) [N]

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13
Q

assay

A

an analytical procedure in which the amount or concentration of an unknown is determined by comparing its response or reaction to that obtained with a known amount or contrition of the same or similar material

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14
Q

beta sheet

A

a type of secondary structure commonly found in proteins which is characterized by 2 linear strands of the polypeptide backbone laying side by side connected with hydrogen bonds and which is characterized by a phi angle of -119 degrees and a psi angle of 113 degrees for parallel beta sheets and a phi angle of -139 degrees and a psi angle of 135 degrees for anti-parallel beta sheets.

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15
Q

biochemistry

A

the science of the molecules and chemical reactions of life

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16
Q

buffer

A

a solution of a weak acid or base which is present in acid-base pair which resists changes in pH when another acid or base is added

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17
Q

carbohydrate

A

polyhyroxyl ketones or polyhydroxyl aldehydes and their derivatives

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18
Q

catabolic

A

a metabolic pathway which produces energy (ATP)

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19
Q

chaotropic agent

A

chaos creating agents– molecules which denature biomolecules (e.g. urea, guanidium, SDS)

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20
Q

chemical isomers

A

2 different molecules which have the same chemical composition

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21
Q

chiral center

A

a single atom or a group of atoms when the attached groups are interchanged the two molecules are not superimposable

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22
Q

chromatography

A

a technique of separation and/or analysis which is based on the relative affinity of solutes for a moving and stationary phases

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23
Q

cooperativity

A

occurs when a change in one parameter influences the change in similar parameters

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24
Q

cysteine

A

an amino acid with a thiol or sufhydral side chain functional group (Cys) [C] {pka 8.4}

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25
denaturation
the process by which a biomolecule loses its biological function
26
diastereomers
stereoisomers which contain more than one chiral center but are not mirror images of each other
27
domain
a substructure of the tertiary structure that can evolve, function, and exist independently of the rest of the protein chain
28
electrophoresis
a technique of separation based on the movement of charged molecules in the presence of an electric field
29
enantiomer
2 stereoisomers in which all chiral centers are switched
30
enthalpy
the measure of the amount of heat within a system under constant pressure
31
entropy
the measure of the disorder of a system
32
free energy (Gibbs)
the amount of energy available to do chemical work
33
glutamate
an amino acid with a carboxylic acid side chain functional group (Glu) [E] {pka 4.1}
34
glutamine
an amino acid with an amide side chain functional group (Gln) [Q]
35
glycine
an amino acid with a hydrogen side chain functional group (Gly) [G]
36
histidine
an amino acid with an imidazole side chain functional group (His) [H] {pka 6.0}
37
isoelectric focusing
a type of electrophoresis in which the gel contains a pH gradient so that the molecules move to the pH location which matches their isoelectric point
38
isoelectric point
the pH at which a molecule is electrically neutral or has zero net charge
39
isoleucine
an amino acid with a branched aliphatic side chain functional group (Ile) [I]
40
leucine
an amino acid with a branched aliphatic side chain functional group (Leu) [L]
41
lipid
biomolecules which are insoluble or partially soluble in water and usually extractable by organic (non polar) solvent
42
lysine
an amino acid with a primary amine side chain functional group (Lys) [K] {pka 10.5}
43
macromolecules
large molecules (>10,000 Daltons) usually composed of polymers of similar or identical parts (monomers or residues)
44
metabolism
entire network of biochemical reactions which occur in living cells
45
methionine
an amino acid with a thio ether side chain functional group (Met) [M]
46
motif
a unique combination or folding of secondary structures
47
net charge
the algebraic sum of all the charges on a single molecule
48
nucleic acid
biopolymers consisting of nitrogenous bases which are linked to ribose or deoxyribose linked by phosphodiester bonds
49
P50
is the partial pressure of usually oxygen at which the biomolecule is half saturated with oxygen
50
PAGE
an acronym for PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
51
pH
the negative of the logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration = -log [H+]
52
phenylalanine
an amino acid with a benzyl or phenyl side chain functional group (Phe) [F]
53
pKa
the negative of the logarithm of the acid dissociation constant
54
positive cooperativity
cooperativity in which the subsequent events become easier
55
primary structure
linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or protein
56
proline
an amino acid with a pyrrolidine ring side chain functional group (Pro) [P]
57
protein
polymer of alpha amino acids linked by peptide [amide] bond
58
quaternary structure
the association of multiple tertiary structures to form a complex
59
residue
the monomeric component of a polymer minus the atoms which were removed to make the chemical linkage
60
secondary structure
the regular or periodic folding of the primary structure
61
serine
an amino acid with a primary aliphatic alcohol side chain functional group (Ser) [S] {pka 16}
62
side chain
(R group) the atoms of an amino acid which are attached to the alpha carbon of an amino acid and which are not the carboxyl group, amino group or hydrogen
63
stereoisomers
two different configurations of a molecule
64
tertiary structure
the irregular or non-repeating folding of the primary and secondary structures
65
threonine
an amino acid with a secondary alcohol side chain functional group (Thr) [T] {pka 16}
66
tryptophan
an amino acid with an indole side chain functional group (Trp) [W]
67
tyrosine
an amino acid with a phenol (aromatic alcohol) side chain functional group (Tyr) [Y] {pka 10.5}
68
valine
an amino acid with a branched aliphatic side chain functional group (Val) [V]
69
zwitter ion
a molecule which contains both positive and negative charges but is electrically neutral
70
aspartate
an amino acid with a carboxylic acid side chain functional group (Asp) [D] {pka 3.9}

Biochemistry (11 decks)

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