Exam 1

Question 1

____ is the study of microorganisms/microbes.

Answer 1

Microbiology

Question 2

____ are living organisms that are usually too small to be seen with the naked eye.

Answer 2

Microorganisms/Microbes

Question 3

6 main classes of microorganisms.

Answer 3

Viruses
Bacteria
Archaea
Fungi
Protozoa
Algae

Question 4

____ are acellular, have no nucleus, no organelles, no cytoplasm, and are so small an electron microscope is needed to see them.

Answer 4

Viruses

Question 5

____ are not considered to be living when they are not living within a host cell.

Answer 5

Viruses

Question 6

Viruses are oblate intracellular parasites which means?

Answer 6

Obligate Intracellular Parasites can only multiply or or replicate inside of a living host cell.

Question 7

____ are prokaryotes that do have DNA, they have a complex cell wall that contains peptidoglycan, and they can live where humans can’t.

Answer 7

Bacteria

Question 8

What is the difference between eubacteria & archaebacteria?

Answer 8

Eubacteria: Live everywhere, contain petidoglycan in cell wall
Archaebacteria: Live in extreme conditions, cell wall is chemically simple.

Question 9

____ is a polymer made of sugars and amino acids that form the (mesh like) cell wall of bacteria.

Answer 9

Peptidoglycan

Question 10

____ are microorganisms that are eukaryotic, can be unicellular&mulicellular, are photosynthetic, live in fresh or salt water, and contain cellulose in the cell walls. Usually Green in color.

Answer 10

Algae

Question 11

____ are microorganisms that are eukaryotic, are unicellular, they move (are motile), shaped differently, and have a free or parasitic lifestyle.

Answer 11

Protozoa

Question 12

___ are eukaryotes, can be uni & multicellular, contains chitin in the cell walls, absorb organic materials for nutrition, have no digestion system, and are responsible for breaking down waste by absorption.

Answer 12

Fungi

Question 13

____ is a microbe that causes a disease.

Answer 13

Pathogen

Question 14

____ are organisms that reside in or on the body without causing disease.

Answer 14

Normal Microbiota (Microflora)

Question 15

The effect of ____ occurs when normal microflora attempt to reduce necessary nutrients that are needed in order for pathogens to grow.

Answer 15

Microbial Antagonism

Question 16

____ is a pathogen that lives inside the host, but does not become harmful until the host’s immune system fails.

Answer 16

Opportunistic pathogen

Question 17

____ is a pathogen that causes disease in any susceptible host.

Answer 17

True Pathogen

Question 18

____ releases endotoxins causing mild to sever endotoxic shock.

Answer 18

Lipid A

Question 19

Endotoxic shock is found in a ____ cell wall

Answer 19

G negative

Question 20

____ can live with/without a cell wall

Answer 20

L Forms

Question 21

Archaea cell walls lack ____.

Answer 21

Peptidoglycan

Question 22

____ is a unique type of dormant cell that can survive extreme conditions.

Answer 22

Endospores

Question 23

____ have thick peptidoglycan, wall teoich acid, and lipoteoich acid.

Answer 23

Gram positive Cell Walls

Question 24

____ have thin peptidoglycan, and outer membrane, Lipid A, Porins, O polysaccharides, and periplasmic space.

Answer 24

Gram negative Cell Walls

Question 25

A ____ cell is bigger, has a membrane bound nucleus, performs mitosis, has a cytoskeleton, contains big ribosomes, and has membrane bound organelles. (plants animals, fungus, and protists)

Answer 25

Eukaryotic

Question 26

A ____ cell is smaller, has an unbound nucleoid, circular DNA, performs binary fission, has a complex cell wall and has small ribosomes. ( all bacteria)

Answer 26

Prokaryotic

Question 27

The ____ is an outer viscous covering of fibers extending from bacterium and is composed of polysaccharide or polypeptide subunits.

Answer 27

Glycocalyx

Question 28

The ____ enables certain bacteria to resist phagocytic engulfment by white blood cells, enables some bacteria to stick to environmental surfaces, and protects the bacteria from dehydration.

Answer 28

Glycocalyx

Question 29

____ are long thing helical appendages that are attached to bacteria to help make them toile.

Answer 29

Flagella

Question 30

What are the 3 basic parts of the flagella?

Answer 30

Filament - rigid, helical tail like structure Hook - the flexible coupling that connects the filament to the basal body Basal Body- Rod and rings that anchor the flagellum to the bacteria and enables it to move

Question 31

____ are bacteria without flagella.

Answer 31

Atrichous

Question 32

_____ taxis is when the bacteria move toward an attractant.

Answer 32

Positive Taxis

Question 33

____ taxis is when the bacteria moves away from the repellent.

Answer 33

Negative Taxis

Question 34

____ is the moving/attraction of bacteria toward light.

Answer 34

Phototaxis

Question 35

____ is the moving/attraction of bacteria toward chemicals.

Answer 35

Chemotaxis

Question 36

____ are bacteria that have cell walls and then lose their ability to make them. ( Can live with/without a cell wall)

Answer 36

L forms

Question 37

____ lack cell walls or the cell wall contains no peptidoglycan.

Answer 37

Archaea

Question 38

____ do not have cell walls, but have a unique plasma membrane called sterols.

Answer 38

Mycoplasma

Question 39

_____ are organized layered systems of bacteria attached to the surface.

Answer 39

Biofilms

Question 40

___ account for 2/3 bacterial infections in humans.

Answer 40

Biolfims

Question 41

Name 3 significant factors about biofilms.

Answer 41

1. They impede or inhibit antimicrobial drugs 2. They allow bacteria to retain nutrients 3. Frustrated phagocytosis impedes wound healing

Question 42

What are the 4 major processes of living cells.

Answer 42

1. Growth 2. Reproduction 3. Responsiveness 4. Metabolism

Question 43

___ is made up of 80% water, contains proteins carbohydrates, and lipids, and is known as the substance ensiled the plasma membrane.

Answer 43

Cytoplasm

Question 44

____ are the sites of protein synthesis (translation).

Answer 44

Ribosomes

Question 45

The ____ contains a single continuous circular double stranded piece of DNA, contains genetic info for structure and function, and has a chromosome attached to the plasma membrane.

Answer 45

Nucleoid

Question 46

___ has a heavy metal resistance , as well as drug resistant genes.

Answer 46

Plasmids

Question 47

____ are a unique type of dormant cell that has a type of "coat"

Answer 47

Endospores