Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology 101 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What does objective mean

A

Independently verified, without bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the definition of hypothesis?

A

An expectation of how things will behave under certain circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Scientific Method

A

A group of procedures to make observations precise, objective, and reliable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Three Goals of Psychology

A

Describe a behavior through observation
Explain behavior through theory
Predict behavior through hypothesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define Psychology

A

The scientific study of behavior and experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was Wilhelm Wundt interested in?

A

The structure of consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was Wilhelm Wundt prominent?

A

Late 1800’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who created Psychodynamic theory?

A

Sigmund Freud

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When was was Freud prominent?

A

Late 1800’s, early 1900’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What were Carl Rodgers cognitive approaches?

A

Cognitive development
Language acquisition
Problem solving
The role of thoughts on feelings and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When was Carl Rodgers prominent?

A

1970’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who developed the Humanistic Approach?

A

Carl Rodgers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the belief of the Humanistic Approach to Psychology?

A

The belief in the goodness of people, removing any barriers that prohibit people from reaching potential. Believes that the client knows what’s best for them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three points of the Cognitive-Behavioral Model?

A

Thoughts
Mood
Behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who developed Structuralism?

A

Edward Titchener

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What the are the main points of Structuralism?

A

Analyze consciousness into basic elements

Introspection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What did William James develop?

A

Functionalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the main points of Functionalism?

A

Investigate function of consciousness

Led to investigation of mental testing, developmental patterns, and sex differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who developed Positive Psychology?

A

Martin Seligman

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the main points of Positive Psychology?

A

Focus on building strengths as well as remediating weaknesses
Find meaning and purpose in life
Not necessarily automatic with the removal of distress and suffering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Happiness consists of 3 components?

A

Positive Emotion (the pleasant life)
Engagement (the engaged life)
Meaning (the meaningful life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How do Deci and Ryan define normal mental health?

A

Feelings of competence
Autonomous support
Relatedness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does Ruff define normal mental health?

A 
Personal growth
Purpose on life
Autonomy
Self-acceptance
Positive relations with others
Environmental mastery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Pros of Naturalistic Observation

A

We can observe behavior as it naturally occurs

May be highly useful for generating future hypothese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Cons of Naturalistic Observation
May be expensive and time consuming Lack of statistical control Reflexivity (reactivity)
26
Definition of Correlation Designs
How two variables relate to one another
27
Pros of Case Study
Depth of information Useful during each stage of research Feasibility
28
Cons of Case Study
Generalization Control Expensive
29
Challenges to conducting competent research
The allure of novelty versus replication The "disgrace" of negative findings Selective outcome analyses
30
What makes up the Central Nervous system
Brain | Spinal Cord
31
What makes up the Peripheral Nervous System?
Somatic | Autonomic
32
What are Somatic nerves?
Nerves that connect to voluntary skeletal muscles
33
What are Autonomic nerves?
Nerves that connect to the heart Blood vessels Glands
34
What type of nerves are responsible for physiological arousal, automatic, and involuntary action
Autonomic nerves
35
What part of neuron receives messages from other neurons?
The Dendrites
36
What do Glial Cells do?
Support, repair, and protect damaged nuerons
37
What is the Myelin Sheath?
The fatty substance that surrounds the axons and makes the transmission of information faster
38
What is another term for Demyelination?
Multiple Sclerosis
39
What is Multiple Sclerosis?
Autoimmune disease in which the body destroys its own myelin
40
What happens when the myelin is damaged?
messages moving along the nerve are transmitted more slowly or not at all
41
What are the visual symptoms of MS?
Blurriness | Blindness
42
What are the Motor symptoms of MS?
Paralysis Atrophy Spasms
43
What are the sensory symptoms of MS?
Numbness Pain Burning
44
What are the balance symptoms of MS?
Shaking | Vertigo
45
What are the cognitive symptoms of MS?
Dementia | Memory Loss
46
Types of Neurons
Afferent (Sensory neurons) Efferent (Motor Neurons) Interneourons
47
What fuels the transmission of neural information?
The sodium-potassium pump
48
What is the "All or Nothing Principle" related to?
Action Potential
49
When does the chain reaction for a neuron starts?
When positive sodiums ions go rushing in?
50
What is Acetylcholine?
Nerve transmitter that affects muscle control, breathing, and memory
51
What disease is associated with Acetylcholine?
Alzheimer's
52
What is another term for Norepinephrine?
Adrenaline
53
What disease occurs when there is a dopamine deficiency?
Parkinson's Disease
54
What disease occurs when there is too much dopamine?
Schizophrenia
55
What is GABA?
A neurotransmitter that reduces anxiety
56
What does GABA affect?
Mood Sleep Agression Appetite
57
What are Endorphins?
A neurotransmitter that tends to resemble opiates
58
What do endorphins affect?
Pain management | Sense of well-being
59
What mimics neurotransmitters?
Agonists
60
What blocks neurotransmitters?
Antagonists
61
What is another term for Brain Stem?
Hind brain
62
What are the components of the Brain Stem?
Medulla Cerebellum Reticular Activating System
63
What does the Medulla control?
Breathing Respiration Heart Beat Basic bodily functions
64
What does the Cerebellum control?
Motor control Dexterity Balance

Psychology 101 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions