Exam 1 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Types of Fluids
crystalloids, colloids
Crystalloid Fluids
fluids with micromolecules (electrolytes and non-electrolytes). Fluids move to interstitial space.
Colloid Fluids
fluids with macromolecules. Fluids stay in the intravascular space.
Hypotonic Fluids
Lower osmolality than intravascular => fluid moves to cell. ie: 0.45% NaCl, 5% Dextrose in water.
Hypertonic Fluids
Higher osmolality than intravascular => fluid moves to intravascular. ie: 7.5% NaCl, 5% Dextrose in isotonic fluids.
Isotonic fluids
osmolality same as intravascular => fluids move where needed. ie: 0.9% NaCl, LRS, Normosol
Crystaloid Uses
correct dehydration, expand vascular space, correct electrolyte/acid-base imbalances
Natural Colloids
restore RBCs, clotting factors, AT III, Albumin. ie: plasma, whole blood
Synthetic Colloids
improve perfusion. ie: Dextran, Hetastarch
Dehydration Deficit
%dehydrated x BW(kg)
Daily Maintenance
40-60ml/kg/day
Fever
15-20ml/kg/day extra
Ongoing losses
estimate fluid loss and replace
Shock rate
Dog: 90ml/kg/hr
Cat: 45ml/kg/hr
Shock rate delivery
Give 1/4 ASAP, rest over next hr
Do you treat cardiogenic shock?
not until function is restored
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)
imbalance of pro-inflammatory (excess) and anti-inflammatory (deficient)
Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
altered function of >1 organs in acutely ill patient
DIC
Failure of cagulation system => widespread clotting
Osmolality
mOsm solute/kg solvent.
determines # of particles
Effective Osmols
draw water to them, don’t cross membtanes
Hypertonic Dehydration
Water loss > electrolyte loss.
ie. osmotic diarrhea (Lactulose), Maldigestion/absorption
Isotonic Dehydration
Water loss = electrolyte loss
ie. diarrhea, renal dz
Hypotonic Dehydration
Water loss < electrolyte loss
ie. secretory diarrhea, vomiting
