loctose, or milk sugar is composed of one glucose unit & one galactose unit. it is thus classified as:
disaccharide
the typical energy storage form of carbohydrates in animals is
glycogen
molecules that contain the element_ are considered organic
carbon
which one of the following illustrates hydrolysis?
the reaction of a fat to form glycerol & fatty acids with utilization of water
the basic building block molecules that make up carbohydrates
monosaccharides
in condensation reactions, the atoms that make up the expelled water are derived from
both the reactants
a certain protein molecule consists of 4 subunits: each is a folded polypeptide chain with an alpha helix. Considering this information, which structural levels of organization must the molecule have?
primary, secondary, tertiary, & quaternary
saturated fatty acids
have a higher ratio of hydrogen to carbon than do unsaturated
the versatility of carbon to serve as the backbone for a variety of different molecules is due to
carbon forms covalent bonds, and has the ability to form 4 covalent bonds
_ are molecules that have the same molecular composition but differ in structure and/or bonding association
isomers
which of the following is not a monomer subunit of biological macromolecules?
lipids
which of the following are polysaschcharides
A,B,C
which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions & hydrolysis?
dehydration assemble polymers and hydrolysis breaks them down
a pleated sheet is formed when parallel strands of a polypeptide chain are joined by hydrogen bonds. This is an example of
secondary structure
which of the following is true of cellulose
it is a major structural component of plant cell walls
which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
all the places on earth where living organisms are found
biosphere
which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level
molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere
in terms of hierarchal organization of life, a bacterium is at the _ level of organization, whereas a human is at the _ level of organization
single celled, multicellular
the _ is found both in prokaryotes & eukaryotes
ribosome
The_ is associated with intracellular digestion
lysosome
which of the following is correctly matched
nucleolus: site of ribosome synthesis
the _ is frequently attached to the endoplasmic reticulum
ribosome
the_ is the site of enzyme synthesis
ribosome
All of that following can be found in prokaryotic cells except
Golgi Apparatus
Ribosomes occur in
both prokaryotic & eukaryotic
which structure below “packages” substances prior to their removal from the cell by exocytosis?
Golgi apparatus
Insulin is a protein secreted by cells of the pancreas. What is the pathway for the syntheisis & secretion of insulin?
Rough ER, Golgi apparatus, vesicle, cell membrane
The structure taken from an animal cell most likely to contain hydrolytic enzymes is the
lysosome
Which of the following structures is more prominent & more developed in a typical plant cell than in a typical animal cell?
vacuole
which of the following are prokaryotic cells?
bacteria
which organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, & steroids
Smooth ER
the cell theory states
all of these
A cell has the following molecules & structures: enzyme, DNA,ribosomes, cell membrane, & mitochondria. It could be a cell from
a plant or an animal
the sodium- potassium pump is an example of
facilitated diffusion
An animal cell is placed in an isotonic medium containing glucose. The plasma membrane of the cell has a transport mechanism that is specific for glucose uptake. Assuming that the other solutes neither enter nor leave the cell & that glucose cannot leak back out, which one of the following will occur?
the cell will remain constant
Potato cell placed in seawater will
lose water & become flaccid
which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane?
phospholipids & proteins
In an attempt to replenish body fluids, a patient who has had a serious hemorrhage accidentally receives a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins. This would probably
Have serious, perhaps fatal, consequences because the red blood cells would tend to burst
facilitated diffusion across a semipermeable membrane
involves passive transport (as opposed to active)
active transport
involves a carrier & energy
Materials may be taken into cells by the following processes, except
exocytosis
all of the following are functions of membrane protiens except
protein synthesis
which of the following would likely diffuse through the cell membrane most rapidly?
CO2
White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process?
Phagocytosis