Martin

Question 1

double stranded helix containing codes for making proteins/RNA

Answer 1

DNA

Question 2

a structure, consisting of DNA wrapped around proteins that carries genes

Answer 2

chromosomes

Question 3

DNA wrapped around proteins that is NOT condenses;

Answer 3

chromatin

Question 4

two identical chromatids joined at the centromere

Answer 4

sister chromatids

Question 5

constricted area on the chromosome where the spindle attaches

Answer 5

centromere

Question 6

have the same appearance and carry the same genes

Answer 6

homologous chromosomes

Question 7

chromosome that does not contain a sex determining gene

Answer 7

autosome

Question 8

a DNA sequence with a known function (encoding a protein or regulator

Answer 8

gene

Question 9

alternative form of a gene

Answer 9

allele

Question 10

if a gene is copied and made into an mRNA and protein

Answer 10

Expressed

Question 11

the spot on a chromosome where a gene resides

Answer 11

locus

Question 12

the actual gene makeup of an individual or trait

Answer 12

genotype

Question 13

the physical appearance for a trait

Answer 13

phenotype

Question 14

Having only one set of the genome in the cell

Answer 14

haploid

Question 15

having two sets of chromosomes in the cell

Answer 15

diploid

Question 16

a body cell; is diploid; contains 2 sets of chromosomes

Answer 16

Somatic cell

Question 17

gametes sperm and egg

Answer 17

reproductive cells

Question 18

homozygous dominant for two traits

Answer 18

AABB

Question 19

genes carried on the X and Y chromosomes

Answer 19

sex-linked

Question 20

heterozygote produces a phenotype intermediate to homozygous

Answer 20

incomplete dominance

Question 21

both alleles are expressed in the heterozygote

Answer 21

codominance

Question 22

one gene masks the effects of another gene

Answer 22

epistasis

Question 23

one gene has several phenotypic effects

Answer 23

pleiotrophy

Question 24

cross between a dominant individual and a recessive parent to determine the genotype of the dominant individual

Answer 24

test cross

Question 25

graph or map of the inheritance within a family. If given the pedigree

Answer 25

Pedigree

Question 26

shows different allele combinations in egg on one axis

Answer 26

punnett's square

Question 27

representation of all the chromosomes of a dividing cell displayed from largest to smallest

Answer 27

karyotype

Question 28

trait determined by two or more genes

Answer 28

polygenic

Question 29

the process of a DNA strand duplicating itself into two identical strands

Answer 29

replication

Question 30

the process of synthesizing an RNA strand from a DNA strand

Answer 30

transcription

Question 31

the synthesizing of a protein from a mature mRNA strand

Answer 31

translation

Question 32

place on the DNA where helicase binds and replication begins

Answer 32

origin of replication

Question 33

enzyme that breaks, swivels, and rejoins strands ahead of the replication fork

Answer 33

topoisomerase

Question 34

enzyme to untwist the double helix at the fork

Answer 34

helicase

Question 35

proteins that bind to each strand of the DNA to keep the bubble open

Answer 35

single stranded binding proteins

Question 36

enzyme that joins RNA nucleotides to DNA nucleotides on okasaki fragments in bacteria

Answer 36

DNA polymerase I

Question 37

enzyme that forms most of the daughter strands of DNA in replication in bacteria

Answer 37

DNA polymerase II

Question 38

joins okasaki fragments on the lagging strand

Answer 38

DNA ligase

Question 39

a complementary copy of a section of DNA, carries a codon used to make a protein

Answer 39

mRNA

Question 40

nucleic acid that carries the amino acids to the ribosome to synthesize a protein

Answer 40

tRNA

Question 41

enzyme that makes pre-mRNA from the DNA template

Answer 41

RNA polymerase

Question 42

proteins the form the initiation complex along with RNA polymerase in transcription

Answer 42

transcription factors

Question 43

where rRNAs enter with amino acids attached

Answer 43

A site

Question 44

where tRNA resides that contains the growing polypeptide chain

Answer 44

P site

Question 45

exit site

Answer 45

E site