EXAM 1 Flashcards
(377 cards)
0
Q
Reporting
A
oral communication about a patients status
1
Q
Documentation
A
The act of recording patient status and care in written or electronic form, or in combination of the 2 forms
2
Q
medical record/ health record
A
historically, the collection of documentation, orders, and other care information for a patient
3
Q
Clear complete and accurate documentation in a clients health record serves a variety of purposes
A
communication
legal record
continuity of care
quality improvement
4
Q
health record system
A
the overall process by which all patient records are created, stored, and retrieved in an organization
5
Q
Source-oriented system
A
members of each discipline record their findings in a separately labeled section of the chart
6
Q
Problem-oriented records (PROs)
A
organized around the patient’s problems
7
Q
Charting by exception
A
a system of charting in which only significant findings or exceptions to standards and norms of care are charted
8
Q
Advantages of electronic records systems
A
Enhanced communication and collaboration among healthcare providers Improved access to information Time savings Improved quality of care Information is private and safe
9
Q
Disadvantages of electronic health records
A
Expense
Downtime
Lack of integration
Difficulties associated with change
10
Q
ADLs
A
Activities of Daily Living
11
Q
ad lib
A
As desired, if the patient desires
12
Q
AKA
A
Above-knee amputation
13
Q
Amb
A
Ambulation, ambulatory
14
Q
Amt
A
Amount
15
Q
bid
A
twice a day
16
Q
BM
A
bowel movement
17
Q
BR
A
bedrest
18
Q
BRP
A
bathroom privileges
19
Q
BSC
A
bedside commode
20
Q
c
A
calories
21
Q
cath
A
catheter
22
Q
CBC
A
complete blood count
23
Q
CCU
A
critical care unit
coronary care unti
24
c/o
complaint of
25
CO2
carbon dioxide
26
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
27
CVA
cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
28
D&C
dilation and curettage
29
DM
diabetes mellitus
30
dsg or drsg
dressing
31
DX or Dx
diagnosis
32
EBL
estimated blood loss
33
ECG/EKG
electrocardiogram
34
ED/ER
emergency department
| emergency room
35
EEG
electroencephalogram
36
EENT
eyes, ears, nose, throat
37
ETOH
alcohol
38
F
female
39
FBS
fasting blood sugar
40
Ft
foot
41
Fx
fracture
42
GI
gastrointestinal
43
gtt(s)
Drop(s)
44
GU
genitourinary
45
HA
headache
46
HMO
health maintenance organization
47
h/o
history of
48
hob or HOB
head of bed
49
HOH
hard of hearing
50
H&P
history and physical
51
hr
hour
52
ht
height
53
HTN
hypertension
54
hyper
above or high
55
hypo
below or low
56
ICU
intensive care unit
57
I&O
intake and output
58
lsol
Isolation
59
IV
Intravenous
60
IVP
intravenous push
61
L
liter
62
lb
pound
63
LMP
last menstrual period
64
LPN
licensed practical nurse
65
LVN
Licensed vocational nurse
66
mcg
microgram
67
mL
milliliter
68
MN
midnight
69
NAS
no added salt
70
N/V/D
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
71
NKA or NKDA
no known allergies or no known drug allergies
72
NG
nasogastric
73
NGT
nasogastric tube
74
noc
at night
75
NPO
nothing by mouth
76
O2
oxygen
77
OB
obstetrics
78
OOB
out of bed
79
OPD
outpatient dept
80
ortho
orthopedics
81
OR
operating room
82
os
mouth
| opening
83
OT
occupational therapy
84
oz
ounce
85
pc
after meals
86
PCA
patient controlled analgesia
87
PO
by mouth
88
P
after
89
PPBS
postprandial blood sugar
90
prn
as needed
91
Pt
patient
92
PT
physical therapy
93
q
every
94
qam
every morning
95
qh
every hour
96
qid
four times a day
97
RN
registered nurse
98
RX or Rx
treatment or perscription
99
SCD
sequential compression device
100
SOB
short of breath
101
SSE
soapsuds enema
102
STAT
immediately
103
STI or STD
sexually transmitted infection
| sexually transmitted disease
104
TB
tuberculossi
105
TO
telephone order
106
TPR
temperature
pulse
respiration
107
tid
three times a day
108
VO
verbal order
109
VS
vital signs
110
WBC
white blood count
111
w/c
wheelchair
112
WNL
within normal limits
113
wt
weight
114
narrative entry chart
tells the story of the patients experience in a chronologica format
115
problem-intervention-evaluation (PIE)
system that organizes information according to the patients problems and requires keeping a daily assessment record and progress note.
116
SOAP/SOAPIE/SOAPIER
S- subjective data- what the patient or family members tell you
O- objective data- factual , measurable clinical findings
A- assessment- conclusions drawn from the subjective data
P- Short-term and long-term goals and strategies
I- interventions- Actions of the healthcare team
E- evaluation- an analysis of the effectiveness of interventions
R- revision- changes made to the original care plan
117
Focus charting
uses assessment data to evaluate client care concerns, problems, or strengths
118
DAR
data
action
response
119
FACT system
Flow sheets
Assessment
Concise
Timely
120
discharge summary
the last entry made in the paper chart
| in the electronic chart it can begin any time after admission and revised throughout the hospitalization
121
scheduled medications
are to be given on a regularly scheduled basis
122
unscheduled medications
medication that are to be given on call at the appropriate time
123
continuous infusions
IV fluids that are running consistently unless stopped for a blood transfusion or to give an IV medication that in not compatible with the IV fluid running
124
prn
as needed
125
STAT medication
given immediately and only once
126
single-order medicaiton
given once at a separate time, not necessarily immediately
127
injections
if you administer you must chart the site of administration
128
Kardex
is a special paper form or folding card that briefly summarizes a patients status and plan of care
129
Integrated Plan of Care (IPOC)
combined charting and care plan form
130
Occurrence report or incident report
A formal record of an unusual occurrence or accident
131
OASIS
Outcome and Assessment Information set
| Used in home health documentation
132
Minimum data set (MDS)
Used in Long term care documentation
for resident assessment and care screening within 14 days of admission
Must be updated every 3 months with any significant change in client condition
133
handoff report
to alert the next caregiver about the clients status or recent changes in the clients condition and to discuss planned activities, tests, procedures, or concerns that require f/u
134
bedside report
walking rounds
| allows you to observe important aspects of care
135
face to face oral report
may involve only the outgoing and oncoming nurse r may include the entire oncoming shift
136
audio-recorded report
a convenient way to transmit info
| the outgoing nurse audio-records a report on her patients
137
PACE
```
standardized report form
Patient/Problem
Assessment/Action
Continuing/Changes
Evaluation
```
138
SBAR
Situation
Background
Assessment
Recommendation
139
Verbal orders
spoken directions for patient care given to you in person, usually during an emergency
140
Communication
a dynamic, reciprocal process of sending and receiving messages
141
Intrapersonal communication
is conscious internal dialogue, sometimes known as self-talk
142
Interpersonal communicaiton
occurs between two or more people
143
Group communication
interaction occurring among more than two people
144
Public speaking
unique form of group communication
| generally addressing a large group
145
Communication process
the act of sending, receiving, interpreting, and reacting to a message
146
sender
begins the conversation to deliver a message to another person
147
encoding
the process of selecting the words, gestures, tone of voice, signs, and symbols used to transmit the message
148
message
the verbal and/or nonverbal info the sender communicates
149
channel
the medium used to send the message
150
feedback
may be verbal, nonverbal, or both
| Once the received and interpreted the message, he may be stimulated to respond by providing feedback to the sender
151
verbal communication
the use of spoken and written words to send a message
152
Denotation
the literal (dictionary) meaning of a word
153
Conotation
the implied or emotional meaning of the word
154
Intonation
tone of voice
| reflects the feeling behind the words
155
Nonverbal communication
```
body language
is the exchange of messages without the use of words
Can include:
Facial expression
posture and gait
personal appearance
Gestures
Touch
```
156
Intimate distance
the area immediately surrounding people that they define as their private space
157
Personal distance
from 18in to 4ft
158
social distance
4-12 ft
159
public distance
anything beyond 12 ft
160
passive communication approach
avoids conflict and allows others to take the lead
161
aggressive communication approach
forces others to lose
162
nonassertive communication style
unclear, indirect communication that contributes to errors and poor outcomes
163
Assertive communication
the expression of a wide range of positive and negative thoughts and feelings in a style that is direct, open, honest, spontaneous, responsible, and nonjudgemental
164
4 phases of a therapeutic relationship
Pre-interaction phase
Orientation phase
Working phase
Termination phase
165
Pre-interaction phase
occurs before you meet the client
| involves gathering info about the client
166
Orientation phase
begins when you meet the client
167
Working phase
The bulk of therapeutic communication
the nurse communicates caring, the patient expresses thoughts and feelings, mutual respect is maintained, and honest verbal and nonverbal expression occurs
168
Termination phase
the conclusion of the relationship marks
| at the end of the nurse's shift or on the client's discharge from the unit, facility, or service
169
5 characteristics of therapeutic communication
```
Empathy
Respect
Genuineness
Concreteness
Confrontation
```
170
Task groups
formed to address a task or fulfill a need
171
Ongoing groups
address issues that are recurrent
172
self-help groups
voluntary organizations composed of individuals with a common need
173
therapy groups
formed to help individual members cope with issues, improve relationships, or address stress
174
work-related social support groups
help members of a profession cope with the stress associated with their work
175
aphasia
a difficulty expressing or interpreting messages that may develop after cerebrovascular accident (stroke) or neurological disease
176
active listening
uses all senses to focus on the sender's message, gives undivided attention, and allows the sender the opportunity to complete comments without interruption
177
Restating
using your own words to summarize the message you received from the client
178
Clarifying
helps ensure that you have accurately interpreted the info
179
validate
ask the client whether you are making a correct interpretation
180
process recording
2 people have to converse while a third records the conversation
Afterward the participants analyze the interaction
181
Barriers to therapeutic communication
```
Asking too many questions
Fire-hosing info
Asking why
Changing the subject inappropriately
Failing to probe
Expressing approval or disapproval
Offering advice
Providing false reassurance
Stereotyping
Using patronizing language
```
182
elderspeak
describes the way that healthcare workers may unintentionally show disrespect to elderly patients by using such phrases and speaking to them in a loud, highpitched, slow, repetitve, child-like voice
183
Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)
an infection associated with healthcare given in any setting
184
nonsocomial
refers more specifically to hospital acquired infections
185
chain of infection
```
the process by which infections spread
6 links:
Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host
Infectious agent
```
186
Normal flora
microorganisms that are beneficial or even essential for human health and well-being
187
Transient flora
a type of normal flora
| normal microbes that a person picks up by coming in contact with objects or another person
188
Resident flora
type of normal flora
live and multiply harmlessly deep in skin layers
they are permanent inhabitants of the skin, and cannot usually be removed with routine handwashing
189
Pathogens
microorganisms capable of causing disease
190
Infection
successful invasion of and multiplication in the body by a pathogen
191
helminths
worms
192
prions
infectious protein particles that cause certain neurological diseases
193
Virulence of the organism
its power to cause disease
194
Reservoir
a source of infection
| a place where pathogens survive and multiply
195
Carriers
capable of defending themselves from active disease but harbor the pathogenic organisms within their bodies
196
for humans the most frequent portal of exit is?
through body fluids
197
the most frequent mode of transmission
either direct or indirect contact
198
Direct contact
between 2 people usually involves touching, kissing, or sexual intercourse
199
Indirect contact
involves contact with a fomite, a contaminated object that transfers a pathogen
200
Droplet transmission
occurs when the pathogen travels in water droplets expelled as an infected person exhales, coughs, sneezes, or talks
201
Airborne transmission
occurs with smaller organisms that can float considerable distance on air currents
202
vector
an organism that carries a pathogen to a susceptible host, typically by biting, stinging, creating another portal of entry into the body
203
portals of entry
normal and abnormal openings in the body
204
susceptible host
a person who is at risk for infection because of inadequate defenses against the invading pathogen
205
Local infection
cause harm in a limited region of the body
206
Systemic infection
occur when pathogens invade the blood or lymph and spread throughout the body
207
bacteremia
the clinical presence of bacteria in the blood
208
septicemia
the symptomatic systemic infection spread via the blood
209
primary infection
the first infection that occurs in a patient
210
secondary infection
may follow primary infection
211
exogenous healthcare-related infection
pathogen is acquired from the healthcare environment
212
endogenous healthcare-related infection
the pathogen arises from the patient's normal flora, when some form of treatment causes the normally harmless microbe to multiply and cause infection
213
Acute infections
have a rapid onset but last only a short time
214
chronic infections
develop slowly and last for weeks, months, or even years
215
latent infections
cause no symptoms for long periods of time, even decades
216
Incubation
the stage between successful invasion of the pathogen into the body and the first appearance of symptoms
217
Prodromal stage
characterized by the first appearance of vague symptoms
218
Illness
the stage marked by the appearance of the signs and symptoms characteristic of the disease
219
Decline
the stage during which the patient's immune defenses, along with any medical therapies, successfully reduce the number of pathogenic microbes
220
convalescence
characterized by tissue repair and a return o health as the remaining number of microorganisms approaches zero
221
epidemic
an outbreak of a disease that suddenly affects a large group of people in a geographic region or in a defined population group
222
pandemic
an exceptionally wide spread epidemic
| one that affects a large number of people in an entire country or worldwide
223
emerging infectious disease
newly identified diseases
Diseases occurring in new geographic areas
Microorganisms in animals that extend their host range to infect human
Microbes that evolve to become more virulent
Known diseases that dramatically increase in incidence
Organisms that are altered for bioterrorism
Emerging pathogens and viruses
224
drug resistant or multi-drug resistant
Microorganisms, bacteria, have mutated to develop resistance to one or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
225
human bodies 3 lines of defense against infectious disease
Anatomical features
Protective biochemical processes
The presence of pathogens activates immune responses against specific, recognized invaders
226
primary defenses
```
first line of defense
prevent organisms form entering the body
skin
respiratory tree
eyes
mouth
GI tract
genitourinary tract
```
227
Secondary defenses
Phagocytosis
Complement cascade
Inflammation
Fever
228
phagocytosis
the process by which phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens
229
Complement cascade
a process by which a set of blood proteins, called complement, triggers the release of chemicals that attack the cell membranes of pathogens, causing them to rupture
230
Inflammation
the inflammatory process that begins when histamine and other chemicals are released either from damaged cells or from basophils being activated by complement
231
Fever
a rise in core temp that increases metabolism, inhibits multiplication of pathogens and triggers specific immune responses
232
specific immunity
the process by which the bodys immune cells learn to recognize and destroy pathogens they have encountered before
233
lymphocytes
WBCs produced from stem cells in the red bone marrow
| T cells and B cells
234
T cells
responsible for cell-mediated immunity; recognize, attack, and destroy antigens
235
B cells
responsible for humoral immunity; produce immunoglobulins to attack and destroy antigens.
Percentage of total lymphocytes increases in viral infection and cronic bacteria infection
decreases in sepsis
236
Monocytes
able to phagocytize directly as well as to differentiate into macrophages, which help clean up damaged tissue, infection, and cellular debris.
Percentage increases in tuberculosis, protozoal, and rickettsial infections
237
antigens
molecules that trigger a specific immune response
238
Humoral immunity
immune response acts directly against antigens
239
5 classes of antibodies or immunoglobulins (Igs) that are secreted by B lymphocytes
```
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgD
IgE
```
240
IgM
the first antibody to appear when an antigen is encountered
241
IgG
The most common immunoglobulin in the body
| Takes at least 10 days for IgG to be produced in response to an initial infection
242
IgE
The immunoglobulin primarily responsible for the allergic response
243
IgD
antibodies form on the surface of B cells and trap potential pathogens
244
IgA
antibodies are secreted by mucous membranes around body openings, providing additional protection for these portals of entry
245
Cell-mediated immune response
```
destroys microorganisms
4 types of Tcells are responsible for the cell-mediated immune response:
cyotoxic (killer) T cells
Helper T cells
Memory T cells
Suppressor T cells
```
246
Cytotoxic (killer) T cells
directly attack and kill pathogens and infected body cells
247
Helper T cells
help regulate the action of cytotoxic T cells, as well as that of B cells in humoral responses
248
Memory T cells
The first time an antigen invades the body T cells form that respond to that specific antigen
The memory T cells are able to increase the speed and amount of the T cell response with subsequent invasion by that antigen
249
Suppressor T cells
thought to stop the immune response when the infection has been contained
250
active immunity
children frequently have more infections when they start interacting with people outside their family
251
Lifestyle factors that promote host defenses are
```
healthful nutrition
adequate hygiene
rest and exercise
stress reduction
immunizations
```
252
cleaning
the removal of visible soil from objects and surfaces
253
Disinfection
removes virtually all pathogens on inanimate objects by physical or chemical means, including steam, gas, chemicals, and ultraviolet light
254
Semicritical items
those that contact mucous membranes or nonintact skin
255
noncritical items
supplies and equipment that come in contact with intact skin but not mucous membranes
256
sterilization
the elimination of all microorganisms (except prions) in or on an object
the major sterilizing methods used in hospitals are:
autoclaving with moist heat
ethylene oxide gas
dry heat
257
critical item
ones that pose a high risk for infection if they are contaminated with any microorganism
258
Standard precautions
the first tier of protection, apply to care of all patients
259
Transmission-based precautions
the second tier of protection depends on the mode of transmission
contact, droplet, or air
260
MDRO
multidrug-resistant organism
261
Control of potentially contaminated equipment and supplies for protective isolation
be sure equipment has been disinfected before it is taken into the room
take linen and dishes directly to the protective isolation room and hand them to someone wearing the required protective garb
262
Control of potentially contaminated equipment and suplies forTransmission-based isolation
disinfect the equipment on removal from the room
When removing linen or nondisposable items from a room with contact, droplet, or airborne isolation, place them in special isolation bags
263
Sterile technique
the use of sterile gloves and sterile supplies
264
modified sterile technique
is use of nonsterile procedure gloves with sterile supplies
265
clean technique
use of clean hands or nonsterile gloves and clean, rather than sterile, supplies
266
surgical scrub
a modification of the handwashing procedure
| traditionally involves an extended scrub of the hands using a sponge, mail cleaner, and a bactericidal scrubbing agent
267
Hygiene
activities involved in maintaining personal cleanliness and grooming
268
Activities of daily living (ADLs)
taking a bath or shower or brushing teeth, promote comfort, improve self-image, and decrease infection and disease
269
Hourly rounding scheduled hygiene care
comfort rounds or safety rounds
| consists of seeing the patient every hour on schedule
270
Early mourning care scheduled hygiene care
provided soon after the patient awakens
271
A.M. (morning) care scheduled hygiene care
hygiene care that occurs after breakfast
272
P.M. (afternoon) care scheduled hygiene care
given before the patient goes to sleep
273
Integumentary system
consists of the skin, the subcutaneous layer directly under the skin, the hair, nails, and sweat and sebaceous glands
274
epidermis
the thicker outer layer
consists of stratified squamous epithelial tissue composed of keratinized (dead) cells, which are fused to make the skin waterproof
continually sheds and is completely replaced every 3-4 weeks
275
dermis
the thinner, second layer
| contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, bases of hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands
276
Functions of the skin
```
Protection
Sensation
Regulation
Secretion/excretion
Vitamin D formation
```
277
In your assessment of patients observe the following changes in skin color
pallor
erythema
jaundice
cyanosis
278
Pallor
in a light-skinned person may appear as pale skin without underlying pink tones
In a dark skinned person may appear as an ashen gray or yellow color
279
Erythema
redness of the skin
280
Jaundice
a yellow discoloration of the skin occurs in patients with impaired liver funcltion
281
Cyanosis
bluish coloring of the skin caused by decreased peripheral circulation or decreased oxygenation of the blood
282
Pruritus
itching that may lead to scratching and breaks in the skin
283
Dry skin
tends to crack, burn or itch
284
Maceration
softening of the skin from prolonged moisture
| makes the epidermis more susceptible to injury
285
Excoriation
a loss of the superficial layers of the skin caused, for example by scratching and by the digestive enzymes in feces
286
Abrasion
a rubbing away of the epidermal layer of the skin especially over bony areas of prominences
often caused by friction or shearing forces that occur when a patient moves or is moved in bed
287
Pressure ulcers
lesions caused by tissue compression and inadequate perfusion
288
Acne
an inflammation of the sebaceous glands that is common among adolescents and young adults
289
Burns
a type of traumatic injury caused by thermal, electrical, chemical, or radioactive agents
290
Bathing serves 3 purposes
health
social interaction
pleasure or relaxation
291
Assist bath
the nurse helps the patient with areas that may be difficult to reach, such as back, feet, and lefs
292
Partial bath
you will cleanse only the areas that may cause odor or discomfort, such as the axillae and perineum
293
bed bath
for patients who must remain in bed but who are able to bathe themselves
294
complete bed bath
you will wash the patients entire body without assistance from the patient
295
towel bath
you place a large towel and a bath blanket in a plastic bag, saturate them with a warmed commercially prepared mix and use them to bathe the patient
296
bag bath
one in which you use 8-10 washcloths instead of a towel and bath blanket
297
packaged bath
refers to a set of commercially prepared and packaged, premoistened, disposable washcloths that are warmed and used in the same way as a bag bath
298
perineum
the area between the anus and vulva in a female, or the anus and scrotum in a male
dark, warm, moist area that supports bacterial growth
299
obesity
defined as 20-40% above ones ideal weight
300
Corn
a cone-shaped thickening of the epidermis caused by continuous pressure
301
Morbidly obese
100% over ideal weight
302
Calluses
usually found over bony prominences in the weight-bearing part of the foot
303
Tinea pedis
athletes foot
| a fungal infection of the skin
304
ingrown toenail
may result from improperly trimming the toenails and wearing poorly fitting shoes
305
foot odor
produced when microorganisms growing on the feet interact with perspiration
306
plantar warts
painful growths caused by a virus
307
pressure ulcers
lesions caused by unrelieved pressure that impairs the circulation
308
bunion
hallux valgus
a progressive disorder that begins the enlargement of the first metatarsal joint at the base of the great toe and then progresses to leaning of the big toe, gradually changing the angle of the bones
309
incisors
for biting and chewing
310
molars
teeth in the back of the mouth used for chewing
311
deciduous teeth
first set of teeth erupts between ages 6 months and 12 years
| loosen, fall out, and are eventually replaced with 32 permanent teeth
312
wisdom teeth
the very back molars on either side of each jawbone
313
1 tsp
5 mL
314
1 Tbsp
15 mL
| 3 tsp
315
1oz
30 mL
316
1 c
240 mL
317
1 pt
480 mL
318
1 qt
960 mL
319
2.2 lb
1 kg
320
1 oz
30 g
321
1 in
2.54 cm
322
39 in
1 m
323
2 Tbsp
1 oz
324
2 c
1 pt
325
2 pt
1 qt
326
100
hecto
327
deca
10
328
1
meter
329
0.1
deci
330
0.01
centi
331
0.001
milli
332
0.0001
micro
333
1000
kilo
334
1 mg= ____ mcg
1000
335
1 kg= _____ g
1000
336
1g= ____mg
1000
337
1L=_____mL
1000
338
to add fractions get
common denominator
339
to subtract fractions get
mixed number then common denominator
340
to multiply fractions get
mixed number and cancel
341
to divide fractions get
mixed number
reciprocal
multiply across
342
subtracting/adding decimals
align the decimals
343
multiply decimals
multiply then reinsert the decimal
344
dividing decimals
move the decimal into the denominator
then move the decimal in the numerator
the same number of spaces and divide
345
to change the decimal to a fraction
move the decimal to make it a whole number then put it over the same number as u u moved the decimal
346
change a fraction to a percent
divide numerator by denomenator
| and multiply by 100 and reduce
347
change a decimal to a percent
move the decimal 2 places to the right
| add percent sign
348
change percent to decimal
drop the percent sign
| move decimal 2 spaces to the left
349
10 mm
1 cm
350
100 cm
1 m
351
baby bottle tooth decay
occurs when parents put an infant or toddler to bed with a bottle or sippy cup of milk, fruit juice, or other sugary beverages
352
Halitosis
bad breath
results from poor oral hygiene, eating certain foods, tobacco use, dental carries, infections, or even systemic diseases, such as uncontrolled diabetes or liver disease
353
plaque
an invisible, destructive bacterial film that builds up on the teeth, eventually leads to destruction of tooth enamel
354
tartar
when the plaque builds up with dead bacteria and forms hard deposits at the gumlines
355
gingivitis
inflammation of the gum tissue surrounding the teeth
356
pyorrhea
an inflammation characterized by bleeding and receding gums and destruction of the surrounding bone structure
357
stomatitis
an inflammation of the oral mucosa
358
glossitis
an inflammation of the tongue caused by deficiencies of vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron
359
cheilosis
a cracking and or ulceration of the lips which forms reddened fissres at the angles of the mouth
360
bridge
partial plate
| consists of one or more artificial teeth
361
Vellus hair
the short, fine hair present over much of the body
362
Terminal hair
coarser, darker, and longer hair found on the scalp, eyebrows, axillae, perineum, and legs
363
Dandruff
a condition in which there is excessive shedding of the epidermal layer of the scalp
364
pediculosis
an infestation of head lice
365
Alopecia
hair loss
366
depilatory
hair removing agent
367
1gr= ______mg
60
368
Temperature
Normal 98.6
100.3 fever
less than 97 hypothermia
369
pulse (HR)
below 60= bradycardia
| above 100= tachycardia
370
SaO2
in CO greater than or equal to 90%
| other places 95%
371
BP
systole/diastole
| Normal range= 120/80-140/90
372
systolic
The top number, the higher number
| measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart beats (when the heart muscle contracts)
373
Diastolic
The bottom number, the lower number
measures the pressure in the arteries between heartbeats ( when the heart muscle is resting between beats and refiling with blood)
374
CBG
Capillary blood glucose
| 90-125
375
FBG/FBS
Normal range 70-90
376
Respiration Rate (RR)
12-20 per 15 sec
| multiply x 4
