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Art History II > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is this?

A

Hinged Clasp from Sutton Hoo Burial Ship, c.615-625 (Early Middle Ages 5th century - 1050)

Burial site in England probably from a king

  • Made of gold and enamel, so knowledge of metal working was needed
  • Found among other pagan-stylized animal imagery objects
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2
Q

What is this?

A

Sutton Hoo Purse Cover, Anonymous, c. 615-625

(Early Middle Ages 5th century - 1050)

  • Worn on body, strapped to waist and found with gold coins nearby, would have been cloth pouch attached.
  • Figurative characters (duck, bird, human-like creature, etc) imagery.
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3
Q

What is this?

A

Page (with Man) from Gospel Book of Durrow, Anonymous, c. 675

(Early Middle Ages 5th century - 1050)

  • Manuscript Illumination
  • Figure is St. Matthew
  • Made on parchment

-Evangelists—Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John (symbols: man/angel[Matthew], lion [Mark], ox [Luke], and eagle [John])

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4
Q

What is parchment?

A

A stiff and thin material made from the skin of animal and used as a writing surface in medieval times.

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5
Q

Who are the four evangelists and their symbols?

A

Matthew (man/angel) Luke (ox), Mark (lion), John (eagle)

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6
Q

What is a Manuscript Illumination?

A

A significant, decorative design placed in a gospel book made by a monk in a monastery. (715-720)

Very 1st Celtic representation- The Book of Durrow

Creator: Anonymous.

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7
Q

What is horror vacui?

A

is the filling of the entire surface of a space or an artwork with detail.

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8
Q

What is Vellum?

A

Vellum is derived from the Latin word “vitulinum” meaning “made from calf”, leading to Old French “vélin” (“calfskin”). The term often refers to a parchment made from calf skin, as opposed to that from other animals. It is prepared for writing or printing on, to produce single pages, scrolls, codices or books.

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9
Q

Who is St. Patrick?

A

Saint Patrick was a 5th-century bishop in Ireland. Known as the “Apostle of Ireland”, he is the primary patron saint of Ireland

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10
Q

When did the Middle Ages occur?

A

Between the 5th century - 1050.

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11
Q

What is bas–relief?

A

a kind of sculpture in which shapes are carved so that they are only slightly higher than the flat background

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12
Q

What is Contrapposto ?

A

Italian term that means counterpose. It is used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs.

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13
Q

What is Doric Order?

A

Doric columns are the simplest. They have a capital (the top, or crown) made of a circle topped by a square. The shaft (the tall part of the column) is plain and has 20 sides. There is no base in the Doric order. Parthenon in Athens

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14
Q

Name the three classical orders?

A

Ionic, Doric, Corithian

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15
Q

What is an Ionic Order?

A

Ionic shafts were taller than Doric ones. This makes the columns look slender. They also had flutes, which are lines carved into them from top to bottom. Ionic capitals consist of a scrolls above the shaft. The Ionic style is a little more decorative than the Doric. Temple of Athena Nike in Athens

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16
Q

What is a Corinthian Order?

A

The Corinthian order is the most decorative and is usually the one most modern people like best. The capitals have flowers and leaves below a small scroll. The shaft has flutes and the base is like the Ionian. The Temple of the Sybil in Rome.

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17
Q

What is architrave?

A

An architrave is the lintel or beam that rests on the capitals of the columns. Its the Top frame of a door frame.

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18
Q

What is a Frieze?

A

a broad horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration, especially on a wall near the ceiling.

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19
Q

What is a Cornice?

A

the cornice is the topmost element of the entablature which consists (from top to bottom) of the cornice, the frieze, and thearchitrave.

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20
Q

What is a entablature?

A

An entablature refers to the superstructure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns, resting on their capitals.

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21
Q

Desribe Atmospheric Perspective

A

Things appear to fade off into the distance. The background appears to fade off into the distance. The farther away something is the lighter the value and the bluer the color.

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22
Q

What is a Icon?

A

Icons are sacred images representing the saints, Christ, and the Virgin, as well as narrative scenes such as Christ’s Crucifixion.

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23
Q

What is a Basilica?

A

The Roman basilica was a large public building where business or legal matters could be transacted.

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24
Q

Where is the Aspe located in a church?

A

The apse is the semicircular area. Where the altar is placed or where the clergy are seated.

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25
Where does the congregation sit?
In the Nave (or center isle)
26
Where are the Aisle in a basilica church?
The outskirts of the church are usualy where the Aisles are.
27
What is a transept? And where is it located?
A transept is an area set crosswise to the nave in a cruciform ("cross-shaped") building in Romanesque and Gothic Christian church architecture.
28
What is a Pendentive?
A pendentive is a constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room.
29
Describe a Putto (Putti)
A putto is a figure in a work of art depicted as a chubby male child, usually nude and sometimes winged. Putti are commonly confused with, yet are completely unrelated to, cherubim.
30
What is this a picture of?
Carpet page from Lindidfarne Gospel (715-720) (Early Middle Ages 5th century - 1050) Anonymous Monks Celtic cross, ink on Vellum Snakes around th page, Horror Vacuii, Illuminated Manuscript
31
What is this a picture of?
Chi Rho Iota from the Book of Kells 5th c to 1050, watercolor, tempura & vellum Anonymous Monk Made in Kells, Ireland Matthews beginning page (human heads, wings, mice and cats worked into the design) Horro Vacui These are the same three letters of Jesus' name in Greek
32
What is this a picture of?
Crucifixion w Angels and Mourning Figures 5th c - 1050 Made of Gold, pearls, sapphires, garnets and emeralds Horror Vacui design, Made by Repousse Its a book cover, so it gets away with not being an idol.
33
What is Repousse'
a low relief produced by hammering a metal sheet (gold) from the back to present a raised look.
34
What is this a picture of?
Interior view of the Chapel of Charlemagne at Aachen (5th c - 1050) Charlemagne is the first ruler to unify Rome. He is the first ruler to be called The Holy Roman Emporer. He accepted christianity and made it legal fro christians to practice publically again. This chapel is built into his house for all to see. He had two heros. Emperor Constatine and Emperor Justinian It looks alot like the St. Vitale Church in Ravenna (Justinians church) There are archways, columns, columns in archway (stupid), Islamic colors.
35
What is this a picture of?
Page with St. Matthew. The EBBO Gospel 5th c-1050 (Early Middle Ages 5th century - 1050) Commissioned by Archbishop Ebbo
36
What is this a picture of?
Page with St. Mark-Ebbo Gospels 5th c-1050 (Early Middle Ages 5th century - 1050)
37
What is Iconoclastic Controversy
Iconoclastic Controversy, a dispute over the use of religious images (icons) in the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries. The Iconoclasts (those who rejected images) objected to icon worship
38
What is this a picture of?
Doors of Bishop Bernward from the Abbey Church of St. Michael, Germany c. 1015 (Early Middle Ages 5th century - 1050) Artist-anonymous Commissioned by Bishop Bernward Cast bronze, relief, educational. Left panel-old Testament, right panel-new Testament.
39
What is this a picture of?
Gero Crucifx c. 970 (Early Middle Ages 5th century - 1050) 6ft wood carved, gilded oak Commissioned by Bishop Gero for a cathedral in Cologne, Germany. Back of the head was carved out to hold wafers. Jesus is shown suffering.
40
Which is spelled right? Renaisance Renaissance
Renaissance
41
Which is spelled right? Controposta Contrapposto
Contrapposto
42
Which is it? Aisle or Isel of a church
Aisle
43
When is the Romanesque Period?
Romanesque Period - 1050-1200
44
What is this a picture of?
Santiago de Compostela Romanesque Period - 1050-1200 The altar held the body of St. James. One major church along the pilgrimage route. Basilica floor plan (cross shape).
45
What is a Basilica floor plan vs a central plan?
Basilica Church-A rectangular hall with a gable roof, a foyer, aisle along the sides, aspe for the altar. Meant for public ceremonies. Central Plan-cross shaped, or latin cross. It adds the transept (cross section)
46
What is this?
Reliquary Statue of Ste. Foy (Faith) 10th-11th c Romanesque Gold, 3ft tall, repousse, gems Seated young girl. Faith refused to denounce her faith, she was killed, then her bones are said to be in the back of the statue.
47
Name all parts of a Central Plan church layout
Apse - semi circular where the main altar is Transept-Cross section Radiating chapels-small semi circles, where holy relics are placed. Ambulatory Aisle-The Aisle that goes completely around the church. People could walk around without bothering the ceremony. Nave-where the congregation sits. Tympanum-Over the lintel, over the main doors, front of church, usually has a relief of some sort. Barrel Vault construction-round arches used in construction.
48
Holy Relic means
Any physical body part, or items used by a holy or sacred person.
49
What is a Reliquary?
An object used to hold a holy or sacred relic.
50
What is this?
Virgin and Child Romaneque, late 12th c. Carved wood, painted. Sitting on a throne, holding jesus (maternal role), it is meant to inspire prayer, but you could not pray to it (idolatry) Has cutout drawers to hold a loy relic, this way its more of a reliquary not a statue or idol
51
Explain this Tapestry
Bayeux Embriodery Romanesque, 1066 20in tall-230ft long Hand embroidered. Linen and Wool Artisit-Anonymous Commissioned by Bishop. Show the Battle of Hastings (1066) Normans/Saxons & William the Conquerer (who was also Bishop Otto brother in law.) It was hund on a catherdral wall; like a border.
52
What is a Tympanum?
A strucutural piece that sits over the lintel (horizontal beam) over the columns. Very popular for relief scultpures.
53
What is this?
Christ in Majesty Tympanum and lintel of St. Trophime City: Arles 1170-1180, Romanesque It represents Christ in Majesty with the evangilists Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. The lintel holds the 12 apostles. The sides of the building hold the blessed (right), dammed (left)
54
What is this complex called? Details...
Cathedral Complex in Pisa, Italy Romanesque, 1050-12th c Maritime powerhouse, close to the coast, the Pisan boats helped transport soldiers for money. Cathedral-Cross shaped, Builder: Busketos, used basicialn shape, marblem ropund arches, Campinile (bell tower), also know as the leaning tower of Pisa, 1174-1350, Builder: Bonanno Pisano. 8 stories tall, ground was soft; it leaned. Rounded arches, columns. Baptristry (round house) 1153, original structure only had a round dome. Campo Santo (walled cemetery) 13th c, no builder name, GalGotha, said to hold the dirt from where Jesus was crucified.
55
What is this?
San Giovanni Baptristry, Florence, Italy Romanesque, 1060-1150c Located in the heart of Florence, Honoring St. John the Baptist. (Patron saint of florence) octagon, not circular Marble, corithian columns. No builder name
56
What is this?
Abbey Church of Saint Denis, 1140-44 (Gothic) Civic monuments, public and spitirual. Architect: Abbot Suger (renovated it) Contains relics of St. Denis. He added the choir area, more windows, flying buttresses. Never fully finished the church because he died.
57
What is this?
West Facade of Cathedral of notre Dame at Chartres 1134 (Gothic 1150-1400) badly damaged by fire, rebuilt in 1194, holds a relic of Mary (which was not burned) Builder: Abbot Suger Basilica shaped, exterior flying butresses added in as they went, radiating chapels. (No floor plan was ever used) Center Door-larger (Tympanum is Christ in Majesty framed by evangelists) Over 22k sq,ft of stained glass. Window over main door (Tree of Jess) Mary told them to rebuild-it was renovated in Gothic style in 1134. elongated sculptures, hanging-not on a shelf.
58
What is this?
Cathedral of notre Dame, Paris 1163 (Gothic 1150-1400) Front entrance way is set back, almost looks like a porch. Tower on right-original Tower on left-after fire Large rose (Virgin Mary) stained glass window so when you walk in it looks like a jewel. 100+ft barrel vault ceining.
59
Where is the choir located?
Usually east of the transept-out of the way.
60
What is a Catherdral and a Cathedra? What is a Abbey?
An Abbey is a smaller church, most normal churches. A Cathedral houses a Bishop. A Cathedra is the chair the bishop sits in-usually very elaborately decorated.
61
What is this?
Cathedral of Notre Dame at Reims 1211-1260 (Gothic 1150-1400) No builder name Floor Plan-Basilica mimics Chartres Horror Vacui design Church has vegetation that grows on every inch making it one with the earth. Tympanums are stained glass, not reliefs. sculptures-Left-Marys Anunciation, Right-Visitation. Higher relief sculptures are standing and in proportion.
62
What is this?
Sainte Chapelle, Paris 1239-1248 (Gothic 1150-1400) Glass house, all stained glass. (ceiling is blue w gold stars) horro vaccui design Its considered to be a reliquary house as it holds relics for King Louis IV. (Crown of thorns, piece of the cross, holy nail, lance tip, sponge)
63
Name and Details...
Vesperbild, c.1330 Gothic ( 1150-1400) horrible proportions, artist-anonymous, 3 ft tall Altar sculpture-meant to inspre evening prayers or nightmares!
64
What is this?
Virgin and Child in Majesty, Maesta Altarpiece 1308-11 Proto-Renaissance (1250-1400) Artist: Duccio Tempera paint on wood panel. 7ft tall-13 ft wide. Byzantine traditional painting (gold, halos). People surrounding Mary are sacred (halos) Front and back are decorated.
65
What is this called and details?
Cenne dePepi (Cimabue) Virgin and Child Enthroned c1280 Proto Renaissance (1250-1400) Artist:Cimabue More lifelike with shading portraits. Byzantine styled but different.
66
What is a predella?
It is the step or platform that the altar stands.
67
What is this?
interior of the Arena Chapel, Padua, Italy, 1305-1306. Proto-Renassaince 1250-1400 Commissioned by the Scrovegni family Artisit: Giotto Fresco painting, floor has the star of David pattern, this connects the Old with the New Testament.
68
What is Fresco?
is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid, or wet plaster.
69
What is this?
The Lamentation (mourning of christ) Arena Chapel, 1305-6, Proto-Renassaince 1250-1400 Artist: Giotto Tree is baron, symbolic to Jesus death. Focal point is off centered (Jesus) John the Baptist in pink robe-looks like a arrow pose.
70
What is this?
Raising of Lazarus, Arena Chapel Proto Renassaince 1250-1400 Lazarus was Jesus friend, he died, Jesus came back and commanded him to rise from the dead. Two ppl cover their noses-cus he stinks. Jesus is red robe, hand out, halo. Kneeling is Lazarus' sisters. Trees in full bloom (life). Artisit: Giotto
71
What is this?
Kiss of Judas, Arena Chapel Proto Renassaince, 1250-1400 Left-Jesus, Right-Judas Good vs. Evil Artisit: Giotto
72
What is this?
Scene with Marys' Parents Arena Chapel Proto Renassaince, 1250-1400 Artisit: Giotto Fesco, The meeting at the gate. Ann (marys mom) telling Joaquin (dad) she is with child (mary)
73
What is this?
Annunciation of Ann Proto-Renassaince, 1250-1400 Blue was expensive, so you used it sparingly. Fresco, Artisit: Giotto Ann being told she is with child. Pediment over house has the Christ (Christ-Jesus, wasnt born yet)
74
What is this?
Annunciation and Saints, c1333 Proto-Renassaince, 1250-1400 Artists: Martini and Memmi Archangel Gabriel tells Mary she is with child. Mary was painted using an icon from a previous work of art.Gabriel is holding a branch (good news) Container in the middle is white lillies (pure). Gabrioel is flying in (robe flowing) Two saints on either side.
75
What is this?
Life of St. John the Baptist Saint John the Baptistry, Florence, Italy Artist: Andrea Pisano 1330-36 Proto-Renassaince 1250-1400 Octogon shaped building, 3 doorways, this is the south doors that face the cathedral. Wool Merchant Guild commissioned Pisano to make these doors. Cast Bronze and guilded. 28 panels depict the life of st. john.
76
What is quatrefoil
a 4-lobed flower in architecture
77
What is this?
Birth of the Virgin, c. 1335 Proto-Renassaince, 1250-1400 Artist: Lorenzetti Sept 8th, 1342 Beautifully decorated bedroom, textiles where a big deal then. Amazing 3D perspective, Mens waiting room, wine and bread being brought to Ann. Ann (middle) giving birth.

Art History II (3 decks)

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