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Religious Studies > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Tanakh

A

Torah, Nevi’im, Ketuvim- Hebrew Bible. Sacred text of Judaism.

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2
Q

Torah

A

Hebrew for “teaching”- first five books of Hebrew bible.

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3
Q

New Testament

A

Christian scriptures- contains four gospels.

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4
Q

Qu’ran

A

“Recitation” in Arabic, God’s revelations as revealed to Mohammed. Sacred text of Islam.

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5
Q

Gospels

A

Four books of the Christian scriptures that narrate the story of the life and work of Jesus. Central text to Christianity- used to convert people to the faith and boost the faith of practicing Christians.

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6
Q

Canon

A

The books of the Bible officially recognized by the church.

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7
Q

Talmud

A

Compilation of mishnah and Gemara, most authoritative book in Judaism.

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8
Q

Mishnah

A

Jewish oral law (Oral Torah)

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9
Q

Sura

A

Chapter of the Qu’ran. Central part of Islamic prayer/recitation

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10
Q

Hadith

A

Report of things Muhammad said or did. Second most important text in Islam after Qu’ran

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11
Q

Halachah

A

“Procedure,” Rabbinic procedure for performing a biblical commandment.

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12
Q

Revelation

A

The manifestation of divine will and truth. Important to Christianity because Jesus is believed to be a revelation of God, and Islam because the Qu’ran is believed to be a revelation of God to Mohammed.

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13
Q

Prophecy

A

When a divine message is communicated to a prophet and passed on to others. Important to all 3 religions.

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14
Q

Prophet

A

Those who have been spoken to by God, share the message with others. Important to all 3 religions.

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15
Q

Scripture

A

Authoritative books valued by a community of believers, passed down from generation to generation. Essential to all 3 religions (New Testament, Hebrew Bible, Qu’ran).

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16
Q

Tradition

A

Beliefs with symbolic meaning passed down through generations. All 3 religions are based on traditions.

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17
Q

Exegesis

A

Interpretation of scriptural texts.

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18
Q

Oral Tradition

A

Traditions passed down orally. Much religious text originates from oral tradition (all 3 religions.

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19
Q

Bethlehem

A

Israel, birthplace of Jesus, where David was crowned king.

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20
Q

Hebron

A

Israel, location of Tomb of the Patriarchs, holy to Judaism and Islam

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21
Q

Medina

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A

2nd holiest city in Islam after Mecca, where Mohammed established Islam after his exile from Medina,

22
Q

Mecca

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A

Birthplace of Mohammed, where he first began preaching his ideas of monotheism, home of Kaaba

23
Q

Jerusalem

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A

Location of Solomon’s Temple, where Mohammed ascended into Heaven, and where Jesus was crucified

24
Q

Tarsus

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A

Birthplace of Saul, who later became Paul the Apostle

25
Damascus
Syria, where Saul converted to Christianity and became Paul the Apostle
26
Abraham
Received a message from God to leave his home and go to a land that God showed him. Central to Judaism and Islam- both of these religions identify as descendents of Abraham.
27
Isaac
Abraham's second son- was about to be sacrificed at Mount Moriah under God's command before he was stopped at the last minute by an angel. Abraham sacrificed a ram instead.
28
Jacob
Isaac's son and Abraham's grandson. Entered a covenant with God for numerous offspring and a homeland, which led to him changing his name to Israel.
29
Moses
The source of all authoritative teaching in Judaism. Was revealed the ten commandments at Mt. Sinai, and entered a covenant for the people of Israel to become the people of God.
30
Jesus
Messiah, son of God according to Christianity. Began preaching a new form of Judaism which promised redemption for all, including those who were not descended from Abraham. After he was crucified and resurrected, Christianity had become a new religion
31
Paul
Saul of Tarsus, struck blind by Jesus while traveling from Jerusalem to Damascus, regained his sight after 3 days and became Paul the Apostle, preaching the message of Jesus. Many books in the New Testament are believed to have originated from Paul.
32
Mohammed
Islam- believed to be last remaining prophet sent by God. Was revealed the word of God by Gabriel.
33
Mount Moriah
Where Isaac was about to be sacrificed
34
Temple Mount
Jerusalem, location of Mount Moriah, Dome of the Rock among others.
35
Kaaba
Sanctuary in Mecca, center of monotheism in Islam
36
Holy Sepulchre
Site where Jesus was buried and resurrected
37
Minaret
Structure that sits on top of a mosque, where Muslims call for prayer
38
Dome of the Rock
Where Mohammed ascended into heaven
39
Ezra
Priestly scribe who taught the Torah to the restored Jewish community
40
Origen
Scholar from Alexandria whose mystical interpretations of scripture were condemned by Orthodox Christians. Introduced 3 levels of meaning for interpreting scripture (Literal, moral, spiritual).
41
Hillel
Scholars who codified Oral Torah
42
Shammai
Jewish scholar who interpreted Mishnah, opponent of Hillel
43
Judah ah-Nasi
Prince, chief editor of Mishnah
44
Rashi
French rabbi known for interpreting the Torah in French vernacular. Believed that the Written and Oral Torahs were a single revelation, and that the complexities of the Written Torah were explained by the Oral Torah.
45
Wycliffe
Began arguing the viewpoint that the Bible alone was the ultimate authority rather than church elites, began translating scripture into English. Paved the way for Luther, Calvin, etc.
46
Luther
Began reforming theology, worship and social organization in the church (Protestantism). Translated New Testament into German.
47
Calvin
Reformed church at Geneva, founder of "Puritanism"- the idea of removing corruption from the church. Exported Reformed ideology throughout Europe.
48
Orthodox
"Correct belief" in Greek, sect of Christianity which prevailed in the canonization of scripture
49
Protestant
Churches that broke away from Catholicism, followed Bible as the ultimate authority.
50
Uthman
3rd caliph of Islam, finalizes Qu'ran
51
Sufi
Islamic mystics
52
Kabbala
Mystical philosophical speculators on inner life of God (Judaism).

Religious Studies (3 decks)

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