Exam 1

Question 1

A molecular bond in which two atoms share electrons equally

Answer 1

Covalent

Question 2

A cation has more _________ than __________

Answer 2

Protons than electrons

Question 3

What are the monomers of proteins

Answer 3

Amino acids

Question 4

What taxonomic groups contain microbial representatives

Answer 4

Bacteria, Achaea, fungi, and plants

Question 5

What group is considered to be microorganisms but are not cellular/living organisms

Answer 5

Viruses

Question 6

What was the first cellular organism with a completed genome sequence

Answer 6

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 7

Which scientists performed research to refute the notion of spontaneous generation

Answer 7

Spallizani, Redi, and Pasteur

Question 8

Suppose Pasteur’s swan-necked flasks containing boiled broth became cloudy 24 hours after boiling. What could explain the turbidity or cloudiness in the broth without supporting spontaneous generation

Answer 8

Spores in the broth survived boiling and grew after the broth cooled

Question 9

The use of agar as the gelling agent in solid media was suggested by

Answer 9

Angelina Hesse

Question 10

Bacteria that produce heat-stable enzymes used in the polymerase chain reaction were isolated from

Answer 10

Hot springs

Question 11

The analysis of microbial strains as evidence in criminal investigations is known as

Answer 11

Forensic microbiology

Question 12

The purposes of food fermentation include

Answer 12

Food preservation, improved digestability, nutritional enhancement, and flavor enhancement

Question 13

What does the homolactic pathway yield

Answer 13

Two molecules of lactic acid

Question 14

What food product is not produced by alkaline fermentation

Answer 14

Kimchi

Question 15

The oxidation of fats during food spoilage makes food taste _________

Answer 15

Rancid

Question 16

Listeria is a _____________ organism, which means that it readily grows at refrigerator temperatures

Answer 16

Psychotrophic

Question 17

Another term for freeze-drying

Answer 17

Lyophilization

Question 18

What method of food preservation will limit abiotic oxidation as well as microbial growth

Answer 18

Controlled atmosphere

Question 19

The search for organisms with potential commercial applications

Answer 19

Bioprospecting

Question 20

An organism that makes a great industrial strain will have what attribute

Answer 20

Genetic stability

Question 21

In commercial fermentation systems, the steps of product recovery and purification are known as ____________

Answer 21

Downstream processing

Question 22

Part of the bio- or geo- sphere that contains significant amounts of an element is known as a _________

Answer 22

Reservior

Question 23

___________ is not an example of a reduced form of carbon in the carbon cycle

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide

Question 24

Microorganisms breakdown organic content in which state of wastewater treatment

Answer 24

Secondary

Question 25

The conversion of nitrate to dinitrogen gas is called _____________

Answer 25

Denitrification

Question 26

Resolution is the smallest distance by which two objects can be ___________ and still be __________

Answer 26

Separated; distinguished

Question 27

Phase-contrast microscopy serves to put light waves out of phase by _________ wavelength, enhancing contrast in the image

Answer 27

One-half

Question 28

Gram's iodine is the _________ in the gram staining procedure

Answer 28

Mordant

Question 29

What staining technique is used to identify the causative agent of tuberculosis

Answer 29

Acid-fast staining

Question 30

A microscopy technique that enables visualization of living cells on an atomic scale is known as ___________

Answer 30

Atomic force

Question 31

Name 4 biologically relevant elements

Answer 31

Iron, phosphorous, sulfur, carbon

Question 32

Bacterial factors that contribute to disease are often grouped together in the genome as pathogenicity _____________

Answer 32

Islands