Exam 1 Flashcards
(65 cards)
Define psychopathy
The scientific study of psychological disorders
What is a psychological disorder?
a psychological dysfunction associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
What is psychological dysfunction?
A breakdown in cognitive, behavioral and emotional functioning
What sort of degree does a clinical psychologist need? Psychiatrist? Counseling psychologist?
Clinical Psychologists: Typically have a phD (or a psyD) in psychology with both research and clinical specialization. Must be licensed and registered.
Psychiatrist: have a medical degree (MD)
Counseling psychologist: typically have a phd in psychology. Typically deal with adjustment and vocational problems rather than severe disorders
What is point prevalence?
the number of people in a population with a disorder at any given time
What is etiology?
the causes of a disorder
What is acute onset?
When the disorder occurs suddenly
What is insidious onset?
When the disorder occurs gradually
What is trephining?
The earliest treatment for mental illness. A hole is chipped into the skull using stone instruments to allow evil spirits to escape.
What was done for mental illness during the middle ages?
devils, demons and witches were said to be the cause of mental illness. Treatments included exorcisms, confessions and making the body uninhabitable for evil spirits.
Who is Paracelsus and what did he believe in terms of mental illness?
Swiss physician who rejected the idea of demons and witches and suggested that mental illness was caused by the formation of the moon and the stars. Treatment included using magnetism and herbs/spices.
What does ancient Chinese medicine say about mental illness?
Illness was caused by an imbalance in Yin and Yang. Five elements linked to five climatic factors and various organs. The five elements were:
- Heart (joy)
- Lungs (sorrow)
- Liver (anger)
- Spleen (worry)
- Kidneys (fear)
What did Hippocrates believe in terms of mental illness?
Believed mental illness had natural causes and were due to brain pathology. Classified all mental disorders into three categories: 1) Mania 2) Melancholia 3) Phrentitis
What is the humoral theory?
illness is related to four bodily fluids 1- Blood (Heart) Cheerfulness 2- Black Bile (Spleen) Melancholia 3- Yellow Bile (Liver) Temper 4- Phlegm (Brain) Apathy
Hysteria
physical illness in the absence of organic pathology was thought to be due to a wandering uterus
Who is John Grey and what did he believe?
Believed that mental disorders always had physical causes and treated patients as physically ill
-Made hospitals more humane
What is the insulin shot?
insulin was used to produce convulsions and somehow alleviated the symptoms
What is lobotomy?
surgical procedure that involved severing the connections to the prefrontal cortex
What did Plato and Aristotle believe?
emphasized the role of the social environment and early learning development of psychological disorders. Believed the best treatment was rational discussions and humane care
What is moral therapy and who originated it?
Originated by Pinel. Normal social behavior was modeled and reinforced. Patients moral and spiritual behavior were emphasized and institutions were made more humane.
What was the mental hygiene movement?
Dorothea Dix campaigned to reform asylums and the humane treatment of people with disorders
who was Mesmer and what did he believe?
he suggested that the “animal magnetism” was blocked in people with mental illness. Treatment was magnetized water. Ben Franklin put Mesmers water to the test and it turns out that any success was only due to the power of suggestion
Who is Charcot and what did he believe?
Legitimized the practice of hypnosis. He taught Freud.
What did Breur and Freud believe/do?
Found evidence of the unconscious mind using hypnosis.
