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Abnormal Psychology > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is disruptive mood dysregulation disorder?

A

Sever or reoccurant temper outbursts manifested verbally and or behaviorally that are grossly out of proportion in intensity or duration to the situation or provocation
-3 or more times a week

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2
Q

What is the premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

A

Characterized by the presence of at least 5 f the following symptoms in the week before menses:

  • mood swings
  • anger, depressed, anxiety
  • decreased interest
  • difficulty in concentration
  • tiredness
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3
Q

What are the criteria for major depressive disorder in the DSM 5?

A

5 of the 9 symptoms for at least a two week period. 1 of the symptoms has to be depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure

Cannot have had a manic or hypomanic episode

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4
Q

What is the premenstrual dysphoric disorder?

A

Characterized by the presence of at least 5 f the following symptoms in the week before menses:

  • mood swings
  • anger, depressed, anxiety
  • decreased interest
  • difficulty in concentration
  • tiredness
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5
Q

What are the specifiers for major depressive disorder?

A

Single episode
Reoccurant episode

(there has to be a two month period between episodes for it to be considered two separate episodes)

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6
Q

What is seasonal affective disorder (or major depressive disorder with a seasonal pattern)?

A

episodes typically begin in the fall or winter and remit in the spring. More of the atypical than melancholic feature. Must have occurred u the last 2 years with no non-seasonal episodes during this 2 year period and the number of seasonal episodes must outnumber the number of non-seasonal episodes in a lifetime

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7
Q

What is the sex ratio, prevalence, course and age of onset for major depressive disorder ?

A

1.5-3:1 (female)
Lifetime: F-10-25% M-5-12%
Onset: 20s
Course: typically chronic but waxing and waning episodes

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8
Q

What is the DSM 5 criteria for persistent depressive disorder?

A

Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, for two years

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9
Q

How long do the symptoms have to persist to be considered a depressive episode?

A

2 weeks

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10
Q

What is hypersomnia?

A

sleeping too much (more than 10 hours a day)

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11
Q

What are the symptoms for persistent depressive disorder and how many of them do you need to be diagnosed?

A

2 or more of the following:

  1. poor apetite
  2. insomnia or hypersomnia
  3. low energy
  4. low self esteem
  5. poor concentration
  6. feeling of hopelessness
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12
Q

Can you be diagnosed with persistant depressive disorder if you have a depressive episode?

A

Yes. In the DSM 4 you used to not be able to but now you can.

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13
Q

What is the sex ratio, prevalence, onset and course for persistent depressive disorder?

A

Sex ratio: 2:1- 3:1
One year: .5%
Onset: early (childhood, adolescence, or adulthood) and insidious
Course: chronic

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14
Q

Persistent depressive disorder different from major depressive disorder because individuals diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder have symptoms of depression that are:

A

Longer lasting

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15
Q

What are the severity specifiers for the depressive disorders?

A

Mild- few symptoms and minor impairment
Moderate- the number of symptoms and distress of impairment is between mild and severe
Severe- most of the symptoms are present and seriously distressing
With psychotic features- delusions and/or hallucinations

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16
Q

What is the depressive disorder specifier anxious distress?

A

Anxious distress is defined by the presence of at least two of the following symptoms during the majority of the days of a major depressive episode or persistent depressive disorder:

  1. Feeling keyed up or tense
  2. usually restless
  3. difficulty concentrating
  4. fear that something awful may happen
  5. feeling that the individual might lose control
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17
Q

What is the depressive disorder specifier “with mixed features”?

A

At least three of the following manic/hypomanic symptoms are present nearly every day during the majority of the days of a major depressive episode or persistent depressive disorder:

  1. Elevated mood
  2. inflated self esteem
  3. more talkative than usual
  4. flight of ideas or thoughts racing
  5. increase in energy
  6. increased involvement
  7. decreased need for sleep
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18
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

diminished or loss of sense of pleasure

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19
Q

What is depressive disorder specifier “with melancholic features?”

A

One or more of the following are present:

  1. Loss of pleasure in all, or almost all, activities.
  2. Lack of reactivity to usually pleasurable stimuli

Three ore more of the following:

  1. Depressed mood characterized by dependency, dispair or empty mood
  2. Worse in the morning
  3. early morning wakening
  4. psychomotor agitation or retardation
  5. significant anorexia
  6. excessive guilt
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20
Q

What is depressive disorder specifier “with atypical features”?

A

Mood Reactivity (mood brightens in response to actual or potential positive events)

Two or more of the following:

  1. Significant weight gain or increase in appetite
  2. Hypersomnia
  3. Leaden paralysis
  4. A long standing pattern of interpersonal rejection sensitivity that results in significant social or occupational impairment
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21
Q

What is depressive disorder specifier “with postpartum depression?”

A

onset occurs during pregnancy or within 4 weeks of childbirth

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22
Q

What are the biological contributions to depressive disorders?

A

There is a genetic contribution. More severe depression has a stronger genetic component than a less severe depression. If your mom has MDD, you are 2-4 times more likely to be diagnosed.

Overactive HPA axis and overproduction of cortisol

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23
Q

What is the permissive hypothesis?

A

when seratonin levels are lower, other neurotransmitter systems (including norepinephrine and dopamine) are permitted to range more widely which contributes to depression

-the balance of the various neurotransmitters is more important the the absolutely levels of any one neurotransmitter

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24
Q

What are the psychological contributions to depressive disorders?

A

Adverse childhood experiences

psychosocial stressors (divorce, getting fired)

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25
What is the negative cognitive triad?
- Negative thoughts about self - Negative thoughts about ones experiences - Negative thoughts about ones future
26
If a student gets a negative critique on a rough draft of a paper she wrote and she thinks to herself "this is horrible. im going no where in life." This is an example of what?
Overgeneralization
27
What are the social contributions to depressive disorders?
Martial problems can play a role Imbalanced sex ratio implicates role of socialization
28
What medications are prescribed for treatment for depressive disorders?
- Tricyclic antidepressants - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO) - SSRIs -40 to 50% of people dont respond to drugs
29
What therapy is used for depressive disorders?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy Electroconvulsive therapy
30
What types of bipolar disorders are covered in the DSM 5?
Cyclothymic Disorder Bipolar 1 Disorder Bipolar 2 Disorder
31
What are the symptoms of a manic episode?
3 or more of the symptoms have to be met: - Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity - Decreased need for sleep - More talaktive - Flight of ideas - Distractibility - Increase in goal directed activity - Excessive involvement in pleasurable activity
32
What is a manic episodes onset and course?
Manic episodes typically begin suddenly with a few escalation of symptoms over a few days (acute onset) Episodes usually last a few weeks to a few months
33
What is the criteria for Bipolar 1 Disorder?
- Criteria have been met for at least one manic episode - The occurrence of the manic and major depressive episodes is not better explained by schizoaffective disorder or anything like that
34
How long do the symptoms of a manic disorder have to persist to be considered a manic episode?
One week
35
What is the difference between a hypomanic episode and a manic episode?
- It only has to be present for 4 days rather than a whole week - Not severe enough to cause marked impairment and does not need hospitalization
36
What is the criteria for bipolar 2?
- Criteria has been met for at least one hypomanic episode and at least one major depressive episode - There has never been a manic episode
37
What are the specifiers for bipolar disorders?
``` Mild Moderate Severe With psychotic features With anxious distress With mixed features With rapid cycling With peripartum onset With seasonal pattern ```
38
What is the sex ratio for the bipolar disorders?
1:1
39
What is the prevalence of bipolar disorders?
One year: bipolar 1- .6% bipolar 2- .3%
40
What is the age of onset for bipolar disorders?
bipolar 1- 18 | bipolar 2- mid 20s
41
What is the course for bipolar disorders?
chronic
42
What is the criteria for cyclothymatic disorder?
For 2 years they must have hypomanic and depressive periods (that dont quite meet the criteria for major depressive, manic or hypomanic episodes) for at least half the time.
43
What are the biological contributing factors to bipolar disorder?
Genetic contribution
44
What are the psychological contributions to bipolar disorders?
Psychological stressors (divorce, getting fired)
45
Can drug and alcohol abuse cause schizophrenia?
No, just trigger it. With weed you have to have a specific genetic predisposition for it to cause it
46
Do people with schizophrenia have multiple personalities?
Nope
47
What is the criteria for schizophrenia?
Two or more of the following symptoms are present for a significant portion of time during a 1 month period. At least one of these must be 1, 2 or 3. 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech 4. Catatonic behavior 5. Negatie symptoms Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least 6 months.
48
What are the different kinds of delusions and what is the most common?
Most common: Persecutory (someone is out to get them) - Referential (the newspaper headlines have an encrypted note just for them) - Grandiose (think they are famous or well known people- secret advisor to the united states president) - Bizarre (implausible)
49
What are the biological contributions to schizophrenia?
- Neuropsychological deficits (deficits in working memory, attention, psychomotor abilities, reaction time, etc) - Brain structure- enlarged ventricles (the area around around the ventricles didn't grow properly or they died away). Temporal lobe most consistently found to be decreased in volume.
50
What is affective flattening?
A negative symptom of schizophrenia which means diminished emotional expression
51
What is alogia?
A negative symptom of schizophrenia which means diminished speech output
52
What is avolition?
A negative symptom of schizophrenia that means reduced drive to pursue goal directed behavior
53
What is anhedonia?
A negative symptom of schizophrenia that means decreased ability to experience pleasure
54
What is asociality?
A negative symptom of schizophrenia that means apparent lack of interest in social interactions
55
What are prodormal symptoms?
milder symptoms present before to the active phase (odd beliefs before the delusions actually start happening)
56
What are residual symptoms?
milder symptoms present after the active phase
57
What is anosognosia?
poor or lack of insight that the person has a disorder
58
What is schizophreniform disorder?
Has the exact same criteria as schizophrenia except that it has to be less than 6 months (schizophrenia is more than 6 months) and it also differs from schizophrenia in that it does not require impairment in functioning
59
What is the criteria for a brief psychotic disorder?
Presence of one of more of the following symptoms. At least one of them have to be one of the first three: 1) delusions 2) hallucinations 3) disorganized speech 4) grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior
60
What is the duration of a brief psychotic disorder episode?
at least 1 day but less than a month
61
What is the course for brief psychotic disorder?
brief but high rates of relapse
62
What are the specifiers for brief psychotic disorder?
- With marked stressors - Without marked stressors - With postpartum onset
63
What are the differences between brief psychotic disorder, schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder
Brief psychotic disorder: duration between 1 day and 1 month, no negative symptoms, impairment in functioning not required Schizophreniform: duration between 1 month and 6 months, impairment in functioning not required Schizophrenia: duration of at least 6 months, impairment in functioning is required
64
What is schizoaffective disorder?
n uninterrupted period of illness during which there is a major mood episode (major depressive or manic episode) concurrent with the criteria of schizophrenia delusions or hallucinations for 2 or more weeks in the absence of a major mood episode during he lifetime duration of the illness
65
What is the difference between schizoaffective and schizophrenia/schizophreniform?
schizophrenia/schizophreniform: must either be no mood episodes or mood episodes must last for a minority of the total duration of the disturbance Schizoaffective: must be mood episodes that last the majority of the total duration of the disturbance IMPAIRMENT IN FUNCTIONING REQUIRED FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA BUT NOT FOR THE OTHER TWO
66
What are the schizoaffective disorder specifiers?
Bipolar type | Depressive type
67
What is the course for schizoaffective?
chronic
68
What is delusional disorder?
The presence of one of more delusions with a duration of 1 month or longer criteria A for schizophrenia has never been met apart from the impact of the delusions or its ramifications, functioning is nor markedly impaired, and behavior is not obviously bizarre or odd
69
What are the delusional disorder specifiers?
- Erotomanic type: believes another person is in live with him or her - Grandiose type - Jealous type - Persecutory type - Somatic type: delusions involves bodily functions and sensations - Mixed type

Abnormal Psychology (4 decks)

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