Final Exam Flashcards
(24 cards)
What is cross dressing?
a desire to cross dress that is often present in individuals with gender dysphoria must be distinguished from transvestic disorder
What are transvestic disorder?
individuals with transvestic disorder are sexually aroused by wearing articles of clothing associated with the opposite sex
What is gender dysphoria specifiers?
-With a disorder of sex development: internal organs are female and external organs are male. A result of high concentration of androgens in utero.
What is posttranistion gender dysphoria specifier?
the individual is transitioned to full time living in the desired gender
What is the sex ratio for gender dysphoria?
Children: 2:1- 4.5:1
Adolescents: 1:1
Adults: 1:1-6.1:1
More common in females
What is the prevalence for gender dysphoria?
Biological males: .005-.014%
Biological females: .002-.003%
What is the age of onset for gender dysphoria?
Children: between 2 and 4
Adolescents and adults: there is early onset (childhood) and late onset (puberty and above)
early onset is most common
What causes gender dysphoria?
They dont know the causes but there are some contributing factors…
- There seems to be a genetic factor
- Biological females with gender dysphoria have increased androgen levels
- Significant increase in the hypothalamus
What is the treatment for gender dysphoria?
Sex reassignment surgery works the best (75% individuals successfully adjust and show improvement from surgery)
What are the Cluster A personality disorders and what are their characteristics?
Paranoid, Schizoid and Schizotypal
Odd and eccentric
What is paranoid personality disorder?
a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others such that their motives are interrupted as malevolent, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts as indicated by 4 or more of the following:
- suspects without sufficient bias
- is preoccupied with unjustified doubts about the loyalty or trustworthiness of friends or associates
- is reluctant to confide in others
- reads hidden demeaning or threatening meanings into benign remarks or events
- persistently bears grudges
- perceives attacks on his or her character or reputation that are not apparent to others
- has reoccurent suspicions without justification regarding fidelity of spouse or partner
What is schizoid personality disorder?
A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by four or more of the following:
- doesn’t desire or enjoys close relationships, including family
- always chooses solitary activities
- little interests in sex
- takes pleasure in few, if any, activities
- lacks close friends
- appears indifferent to the praise or crisicism of others
- emotional coldness
What is schizotypal personality disorder?
People with this type of personality disorder have a combination of impaired social interaction and odd thinking. Ideas of reference are common, which means that they feel events are related to them, or even perpetrated against them, despite these events having no objective relationship to them. Their unusual beliefs and magical thinking deviate significantly from cultural norms. They might have a strong belief in telepathy and be very superstitious. Their behavior is seen as peculiar and their emotional responses are ‘off key’. Often they have no close friends and have intense social anxiety. Unlike other people with social anxiety, their anxiety does not diminish with time and familiarity.
What are the cluster B personality disorders and what are the characteristics of them?
Antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic
dramatic, erratic and emotional
What is antisocial personality disorder?
Disregard for and violation of the rights of others, occurring since age 15
has to be 18
What is borderline personality disorder?
unstable moods, behavior, and relationships.
What is dialectical behavior therapy?
a unique form of cognitive behavioral therapy aimed at encouraging the person to accept negative affect without engaging in self destructive behavior
for borderline disorder
What is histrionic personality disorder?
excessive emotionality and attention seeking, beginning by early adulthood
is uncomfortable when they are not the center of attention
sexually seductive or provocative behavior
shows self-dramatization
What is narcissistic personality disorder?
grandiosity (in fantasy or behavior), need for admiration, lack of empathy
grandiose sense of self importance
fantasies of unlimited power, success, brilliance, beauty
What are the cluster C personality disorders and what are their characteristics?
Avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive
anxious, fearful
What is avoidant personality disorder?
social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation
fears crisicism, disapproval, rejection
How are avoidant personality disorder and schizoid personality disorder different?
Avoidant people want to have close relationships and do not enjoy their loneliness and are hypersensitive to criticism
Schizoid people do not want close relationships, enjoy their loneliness and are indifferent to criticism
What is dependent personality disorder?
excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and gears of separation
needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of his of her life
difficulty expressing disagreement
What is obsessive compulsive disorder?
preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openness and efficiency
