Exam 1 Flashcards
(144 cards)
1
Q
What kind of tissue would you expect to find in an area of the body that experiences friction and wear and tear?
A
Stratified Squamous Epithelial Tissue
2
Q
What do Goblet cells secrete?
A
Mucus
3
Q
What tissue type is found in the serous membranes that form the surface of the stomach and intestine?
A
Simple columnar epithelium
4
Q
The internal lining of the esophagus and adult vagina is what type of tissue?
A
Stratified squamous epithelium.
5
Q
The only type of cell seen in tendon is what?
A
Fibroblasts
6
Q
The two types of cartilages are hyaline and…?
A
Elastic
7
Q
Glands that release their product via ducts rather than directly into the bloodstream are?
A
Exocrine
8
Q
Which of the following statements about the hypodermis is correct?
A
It consists of loose connective tissue and adipocytes.
9
Q
Hair turns grey or white as people age because?
A
Melanocytes die out.
10
Q
The linea aspera is found on which bone?
A
Femur
11
Q
If two bones are joined so firmly together they cannot move, they form a?
A
Synstosis
12
Q
Hypertension of the knee is prevented partially by the?
A
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
13
Q
The hyaline costal cartilage that attaches a rib to the sternum forms a…?
A
synchondrosis
14
Q
The synthesis of ______ depends on the penetration of UV light through the epidermis.
A
Vit. D
15
Q
The gland most responsible for cooling the skin are.?
A
Merocrine glands
16
Q
In thin skin, the ____ is absent.
A
Statrum lucidem
17
Q
What is the mode of secretion of sebaceous glands?
A
Holocrine
18
Q
What cutaneous glands develop as outgrowths of hair follicle?
A
Sebaeceous and apocrine
19
Q
The most external layer of a hair shaft is?
A
The cuticle
20
Q
Hemopoiesis typically occurs in?
A
Red Bone Marrow
21
Q
The cells primarily responsible for the breakdown of bone are?
A
Osteoclasts
22
Q
The protein fibers of the bone matrix are composed of?
A
Collagen
23
Q
If it were not for the _______, osteocytes in the outer lamellae of an osteon would not be able to transport their wastes tot he blood steam for removal.
A
Canaliculi
24
Q
The foramen ovale is found in which bone?
A
Sphenoid
25
The internal/External acoustic meatuses are openings in the?
Temporal Bone
26
The lambdoid suture separates the parietal bones from?
the occipital bone
27
What structures separate the cranial bones at birth and allow for limited movement of the bones relative to one another?
Fontanels
28
Costal facets are found only on?
Thoracic vertebrae
29
What forms the superior portion of the sternum?
Manubrium
30
Which bones form the nasal septum?
Ethmoid and Vomer
31
What part of the scapula articulates with the clavicle?
Coracoid process
32
What bone is a sesamoid bone?
Patella
33
Which of the knee ligaments function to reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the join, tighten only at full extension of the join, and , in this position, act to stabilize the join?
Tibial and fibular collateral ligaments
34
What is not a part of the rotator cuff?
Teres major
35
A tissue that forms a supportive framework in the spleen and liver is known as ____ tissue
Reticular
36
Developmental stages and changes in the __________ of various long bones allow a forensic pathologist to quite accurately estimate the age of a skeleton below the age of 25.
Epiphyseal Regions
37
Which type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?
Transitional
38
Intervertebral compression in an abnormal direction can cause?
a herniated disc.
39
The most significant organic component of the matrix of bone is?
Collagenous fibers.
40
What would most likely penetrate the skin if it were to come into contact?
Fat-soluble vitamins. Hydrophobic.
41
A reduction in bone mineral density most commonly associated with what post-menopausal women is known as?
Osteoporosis
42
Sebaceous glands are often associated with?
Hairs
43
Pigments embedded in the skin during tattooing are found in what layer of the skin?
The dermis.
44
What ligaments connects the clavicle to the scapular?
Acromioclavicular
45
What movement is possible at both shoulder and elbow joints?
Flexion and extension.
46
What originates from osteoprogenitor cells?
Osteoblasts and osteocytes. NOT osteoclasts.
47
A tissue viewed under the microscope displays cells in little holes, densely packed fibers and no blood vessels. This describes what kind of tissue?
Fibrocartilage
48
Why would a skin graft have to include some cells from the stratum basale?
So that these cells can undergo mitosis to replenish cells which will be shed.
49
A part of the body that contains a broad, flat disc of fibrocartilage would be classified as a?
Symphysis
50
Aplastic anemia results from pathological changes in the _____ of an afflicted individual.
Bone marrow.
51
Bone growth rates increase dramatically after puberty because?
Sex hormones increase osteoblast bone deposition rates.
52
Shedding of dead skin cells occurs from what layer?
Stratum corneum.
53
What are some structures found in the epidermis?
Keratinocyte, Merkel Cells, and Langerhan's Cells
54
The matrix of connective tissue is composed of?
Fibers and ground substances.
55
A small sac of gland cells surrounding a space into which they secrete their product is called?
Acinus/Acinar
56
Bursae are small pockets or sacs filled with synovial fluid that?
Help to relieve pressure during movement of body parts.
57
The superior orbital fissure and the foramen rotundum open into what fossa of the cranium?
Middle cranial fossa.
58
Human hair is derived from what kind of cells?
epithelial cells
59
Both exocrine and endocrine glands are derived from what?
Epithelial tissue.
60
The type of strong fibrous connective tissue which attaches bones to bones at joints is called a?
Ligament
61
Due to persistent exposure to cigarette smoke, the epithelia of the trachea changes from pseudostratified ciliated squamous epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium. This transition is identified as?
Metaplasia
62
Characteristics below describe _____________. It may have a bifid spinous process, transverse foramen, and the body is very reduced in size in one member of this group.
Cervical Vertebrae.
63
The tissue lining the outer wall of small intestine of the digestive tract is called?
Simple columnar epithelium.
64
What is the suffix that implies growth/formation?
-blast
65
The dermis of the skin is an area that contains what generically?
It contains loose connective tissue, collagenous fiber, nerves, and blood vessels.
66
In osseous tissue, which of the following occupy the lacunae?
Osteocytes
67
Gap junctions are found in high quantities in cells of what body organ?
Heart
68
The inner most layer of the hair shaft is the?
Medulla
| then cortex -> cuticle
69
Pacinian corpuscles, and meissners corpuscles are structures associated with?
Sensation of touch
70
How are bones innervated?
The periostium and endosteum are innervated by sensory nerves.
71
Which one makes up most of the floor of the orbit?
Maxilla
72
Bone cells that produce new bone matrix are called?
Osteoblasts
73
What do mucous membranes do?
Line body cavities that communicate with the exterior and keeps epithelial surfaces moist.
74
Cell-to-cell attachments involving ______ and ______ are responsible for the "spiny" appearance of cells in the stratum spinosum.
Desmosomes -> tonofibrils
75
The type of join formed by the fusion of two bones is a?
Synostosis
76
The term "sarcoma" indicates that the tissue being referred to is/has?
Canerous
77
The layer in which most mitosis occurs in the epidermis is the?
Stratum basale
78
"Lines of cleavage" are associated most closely with?
The orientation of elastic and collagenous fibers in the dermis.
79
When the epiphyseal cartilage ossifies, what can still occur?
The one may still grow in diameter.
80
Apocrine sweat gland are for the most part, associated with what areas of the body?
Hair follicles of the axilla, groin, and around the nipples.
81
Where else would we find a cruciate ligament besides the knee?
Superior part of the vertebral canal.
82
The orbital plates of the frontal bone separates the orbit from the?
Anterior cranial fossa
83
The movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is called?
Abduction
84
If a long bone found at an archeological dig contained functional epiphyseal plates, what inference is most accurate?
The person was prepubertal.
85
In anatomical description, a person is said to be supine when...?
Lying face up in the anatomical position.
86
Where can a plane suture be found?
The right and left maxilla.
87
The most significant reason that the hip join is less mobile than the shoulder joint is?
The almost complete bony socket enclosing the head of the femur.
88
The linings of both the oral and nasal cavities are?
Mucous membranes.
89
What epidermal cell has immunological properties?
Langerhan cells.
90
The wet membrane that covers cavities open to the external surface of the body is called the?
Mucous membrane.
91
Hormones are examples of ____ secretions.
Endodrine
92
The pectoral girdle consists of the what?
Clavicle and scapula.
93
Tendons from this muscle primarily supports the knee
Quadriceps femoris
94
What part of the hair and visible to the naked eye?
Shaft only
95
The depression on the distal end of the anterior humerus on the medial side is (the)?
Coronoid fossa
96
Ossification of flat bones takes place by ________ bone formation.
Intramembranous
97
What type of vertebrae has transverse foramen?
Cervical
98
Which of the following terms refers to fine hairs frown on the fetus?
Lanugo
99
Spongy bone is made up of a network of bony spines called?
Trabeculae
100
Fontanelles are not made out of what?
Bone
101
A condition resulting from a hereditary defect in elastin fibers characterized by hyperextensible joints, tall stature, long limbs, and vision problems is?
Marfan syndrome.
102
The transverse foramen serve as a passage for?
Vertebral arteries.
103
The term, "tension lines" refers to ______ found in the _______.
Collagenous Fibers, Dermis
104
The cruciate ligaments are best described in what category?
Intracapsular knee ligament
105
What does brown fat do?
Insulates our bodies against heat loss.
106
What is anemia?
a disorder where we have fewer than normal RBC
107
What are the hair pigments for each hair color?
Black -> Eumelanin
Brown -> Pheomelanin
Red -> Carotene
108
Two bones have auricular surfaces, namely...
The sacrum and os coxae.
109
What is the type of secretion where the cell product accumulates in the cytoplasm and the entire cell disintegrates?
Halocrine
110
This layer of skin often contains langerhans cells and melanocytes.
Stratum spinosum.
111
Ceruminous glands found in the ____ are a/an _______.
Ceruminous
Modified sweat gland
112
The parenchyma of the spleen is supported by a stroma made up of?
Reticular Fibers
113
What do you see in appositional bone growth?
The diameter of the bone increases
114
Which of the following is not a paranasal sinus?
Temporal
115
The papilla of the hair is found in what vicinity?
bulb
116
Name the layers of the hair shaft from deep to superficial.
Medullary, Cortex, Cuticle.
117
Endochondral ossification begins with what?
Hyaline Cartilage
118
Much of the growth in the length of long bones occurs due to what?
Proliferation of cartilage by mitosis and growth of chondrocytes.
119
What type of tissue is specialized to resist compression?
Fibrocartilage
120
Which type of epithelium lines the renal pelvis, ureters, and urinary bladder?
Transitional
121
Loose connective tissue does NOT have what?
Parallel, packed fibers`
122
In classifying epithelia, one of the following criteria is used.
The number of layers of cells
123
Epithelial regeneration as a characteristic would be absolutely necessary in this type of gland?
Halocrine.
124
Where does intramembranous ossification occur?
Forms the mandible, the clavicle, and the rofing bones of the skull.
125
Osteoporosis is most likely to affect what population?
Older woman.
126
What is the fate of the chondrocyte that are present where bone is forming?
They die and are replaced by bone cells.
127
The two types of osseous tissues are?
Spongy and compact.
128
Which type of cell is capable of dividing to produce new osteoblasts?
Osteoprogenitor.
129
The auricular surface of the sacrum articulates with the?
Ilium.
130
Which of the following are true of the ethmoid bone?
It contains the cribiform plate.
It serves as the anterior attachment of the falax cerebri.
It contains the crista galli.
131
Synovial fluid in a joint cavity serves which actions?
Chondrocyte nurishment, shock absorption, lubrication.
132
During a shoulder separation injury, which of the following structures is most likely to be damaged?
Acromiolclavicular Ligament
133
What applies to the locking mechanism of the knee?
The lock requires a slight external rotation of the tibia.
134
All of the following are paranasal sinuses except what bone?
Temporal
135
A major change in bone tissue that occurs with aging and leads to increased brittleness is?
Decreased protein synthesis.
136
The girdles attach the limbs (extremeties) to the axial skeleton.
The girdles are considered a part of the axial skeleton.
Which statement is true?
First is true, second is false.
137
All three types of fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular) are found in what type of tissue?
Areolar Connective Tissue.
138
Melanocytes synthesize melanin from what pigment?
Tyrosine
139
Alternating the turning of the palm of the hand toward the ceiling and then turning it toward the floor is a movement of the forearm. This occurs at the what?
Radiocarpal joint.
140
A potts fracture is a break of the distal end of the ______ while the colles' fracture is a break in the distal end of the _____.
Fibula, Radius
141
What is the supine position.
Lying down, face up.
142
What is the pronation position.
Lying down, face down.
143
Merocrine sweat glands are classified as what type of structure?
Simple coiled tubular
144
Sebeceous glands are what type of structure?
Simpe branched alveolar.
