Exam 3 Flashcards
(184 cards)
1
Q
Each tertiary bronchus leads to one what?
A
Bronchopulmonary segment.
2
Q
The ridge found at the bifurcation of the trachea is called the?
A
Carina
3
Q
The largest cartilage of the larynx with an expansive posterior surface is the?
A
Cricoid Cartilage
4
Q
Which of the following bones is not involved in making up the border of the nasal cavity?
Frontal Maxillary Sphenoid Temporal Ethmoid
A
Temporal Bone
5
Q
What is another name for the false vocal cords?
A
Vestibular Folds
6
Q
The outer openings of the nasal cavity are called the?
A
External Nares
7
Q
A nearsighted person will have what kind of eyeball?
A
They will have an eyeball that is abnormally long.
8
Q
The most important function of the large intestine is what?
A
Absorption of water and electrolytes.
9
Q
Most of the tooth is composed of what?
A
Dentin
10
Q
The convexity of the lends is increased for near vision by contraction of which muscles?
A
Ciliary Muscles
11
Q
The size difference between the tympanic membrane and the oval window causes vibrations to what?
A
Amplify.
12
Q
The ileum joins the colon at what structure?
A
Cecum
13
Q
What is intrinsic factor?
A
It facilitates the absorption of Vitamin B12.
14
Q
The fundus of the stomach is what?
A
Is the upper portion which balloons to the left and superior to the entrance of the esophagus.
15
Q
What are the three tiny bones in the ear and where are they derived from?
A
The three tiny little bones are the malleus, incus, and the stapes.
They are derived from the jaw bones of primitive vertebrates.
16
Q
The fat-covered membrane protecting the large and small intestine anteriorly is the what?
A
Greater Omentum.
17
Q
What is accommodation?
A
The change in the shape of the lends when looking at an object that is less than 20 feet.
18
Q
Which of the following is NOT filled with perilymph?
- Cochlear Duct
- Vestibule
- Scala Vestibuli
- Scala Tympani
A
- The cochlear duct is not filled with perilymph.
19
Q
True or False.
High frequency sound waves stimulate receptors located at the base of the cochlear duct.
A
True.
20
Q
Vibrations of the cochlear membrane leads to the production of electrical impulses which stimulate sensory neurons because?
A
They bend hair cells of the organ of Corti.
21
Q
The organs of equilibrium, the semicircular canals, are located where?
A
They are located within the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
22
Q
The auditory ossicles connect what two structures?
A
The tympanic membrane and the oval window.
23
Q
Pigment in the _______ prevents ______ of light rays landing on the retina.
A
Choroid.
Reflection.
24
Q
Where in the brain does the center for vision located?
A
It is located within the occipital lobe.
25
What is Glaucoma?
An abnormal elevation of intra-ocular pressure.
26
The Eustacian Tube connects what two regions?
The middle ear cavity and the nasopharynx.
27
To free the transverse clon from the posterior abdominal wall, which of the following would have to be cut?
Mesocolon
28
In the process of hearing, hair cells on the _______ are "brushed" by the ______; both of these structures are located in the cochlear duct.
Organ of Corti
Tectorial Membrane
29
The esophagus extends from where to where?
It extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
30
The auditory tube connects the ______ to the _______.
Middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx.
31
Obstruction of the canal of Schlemm interferes with what process?
Drainage of the aqueous humor.
32
The primary physiological function of the iris of the eye is to what?
Control light levels entering the eye.
33
The kinocilia and stereocilia of the hair cells in the semicircular ducts are embedded in a gelatinous structure called the what?
Cupula.
34
What is the chemical profile of endolymph?
It has relatively high potassium levels and low sodium levels.
35
A villus consists of what?
A single layer of epithelial cells.
A capillary network.
A lacteal.
36
Passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum occurs when...?
The pyloric sphincter relaxes.
37
Which one of the following would be pierced second by the point of a pin entering a tooth from the surface of the crown?
Dentin.
38
Which of the following is NOT associated with the duodenum?
1. Shortest portion of the small intestine.
2. Encloses head of the pancreas.
3. Opening for the common bile duct at the hepatopancreatic ampulla.
4. Presence of many microvilli and villi.
5. Lies entirely within the peritoneal cavity.
E. Lies entirely within the peritoneal cavity.
39
The chamber posterior to the space between the uvula an base of the tongue is the?
Orophaynx.
40
What kind of vocal cords would produce a high-pitched sound?
A person with THIN true vocal cords.
41
The sensory cells of hearing are stimulated by the ____ resting on their stereocilia.
Tectorial membrane.
42
Where does conscious perception of vision occur?
The primary visual cortex.
43
The semicircular canals are filled with what?
Endolymph.
44
We sense rotary movements of the head when the endolympth pushes on a gelatinous cap called the?
Capula
45
What is part of the fibrous tunic?
Cornea and Sclera.
46
The footplate of the stapes covers an opening called the?
Oval Window
47
Suppose you are on a spinning ride at an amusement park. As you whirl around, with your eyes closed, you sense the rotation by means of your...?
Semicircular canals
48
List the layers of the digestive tract from lumen to the external surface.***
1. Lamina Propria
2. Muscularis Mucosae
3. Submucosa
4. Muscularis externa
5. Serosa
49
A premature baby born at 27 weeks gestation is suffering from respiratory distress syndrome. What is the cause?
There is not enough surfactant to keep the alveoli from collapsing.
50
What structure corresponds to the "Adam's Apple"?
The thyroid cartilage.
51
A thin membrane that covers the surface of the lung is called?
Visceral Pleura
52
What kind of tissue lines most of the respiratory tract?
Ciliated pseudostatified epithelium.
53
List the order in which air flows through the the respiratory tract. (5)
```
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles.
```
54
The esophagus is covered by a fibrous connective tissue called the what?
Adventitia.
55
The epithelium covering the inner surface of the eyelids is called the?
Palpebral Conjunctiva.
56
The areolar connective tissue found immediately beneath the epithelium of the digestive tract is called the?
Lamina Propria
57
How do the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles affect the functions of the ear?
They dampen excessively loud sounds that could harm sensitive auditory hair cells.
58
What do parietal cells secrete?
HCl
59
What do Chief cells secrete?
Pepsinogen
60
The function of surfactant is to?
Reduce surface tension in the fluid coating alveolar surfaces to prevent alveolar collapse.
61
What aspect of hearing will be lost if the base of the cochlea is damaged?
Hear-frequency sounds will be unable to be interpreted.
62
Visual information from the retinas first arrive for processing at what structure?
The lateral geniculate nuclei.
63
Parietal cells, chief cells, and G cells are located where?
In the stomach.
64
The middle lobar bronchus is found
In the right lung only.
65
The response of an individual having an asthmatic attach is?
Constriction of air passages supported with only circular smooth muscle.
66
Older individuals sometimes use large amounts of perfume because they lose their sense of smell; this is related to?
A decrease in the umber of olfactory receptors.
67
Trace the pathway of a nerve impulse starting with the optic nerve.
1. Optic Nerve
2. Optic Chiasma
3. Optic Tract
4. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
5. Optic Radiation
68
The vestibular complex is filled with what substance?
Endolympth
Vestibular complex = Utricle, Saccule, and Semicircular Canals
69
The lacrimal glands secrete what type of liquid?
Produce watery, slightly alkaline secretions.
70
Sensory receptors of the ear are?
Hair Cells
71
Control of secretions of the digestive tract is via the...?
Control is different in various areas of the tract.
72
Information about pressure and gas concentrations in the common carotid artery travels to the medulla via the...?
Vagus Nerve
73
The size difference between the tympanic membrane and the oval window causes vibrations to?
Amplify.
74
Which of the following is an intraperitoneal (between the visceral and parietal peritoneum) organ?
1. Ureter
2. Duodenum
3. Stomach
4. Pancreas
5. Ascending Colon
Stomach
75
The first stage of conduction of a sound vibration from the middle eat to the inner ear is by movement of the?
Stapes in the oval window.
76
During exhalation of the first breath, the lungs do not collapse completely again in a newborn infant because?
Surfactant covering the alveolar surfaces prevents their collapse.
77
Parasympathetic stimulation of the terminal bronchioles causes?
Bronchoconstriction.
78
Together, the epithelium and the lamina propria of the respiratory tract constitute....?
The mucous membrane.
79
The convexity of the lens is increased for near vision by contraction of which muscle?
Ciliary Muscles
80
The curved anterior surface of the lungs is called that?
Mediastinal Surface
81
The structure located in the medial canthus is the?
Lacrimal caruncle
82
What are the cells involved in retinal function? (5)
1. Photoreceptors
2. Horizontal Cells
3. Bipolar Cells
4. Amacrine Cells
5. Ganglion Cells
83
The act of moving food from the oral cavity to the stomach is called?
Deglutination.
84
Gastrin, which is secreted by the mucosa of the stomach, acts to:
Increase the secretions of the gastric glands.
85
What nutrient is absorbed by the lacteal of the small intestine?
Fats
86
The sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla directly controls the flow of bile between?
The common bile duct and the duodenum.
87
Where are sebaceous ciliary glands found?
At the base of the follicles of the eyelashes.
88
Place the following in the correct order, as found in the musclaris layer of the stomach, from OUTERMOST to INNERMOST.
1. Oblique Layer
2. Circular Layer
3. Longitudinal Later
Longitudinal
Circular
Oblique
89
What is responsible for the primary mechanism for equilibrium?
The vestibular apparatus.
90
During inhalation, what is the shape of the diaphragm? What about during exhalation?
Inhalation -> Flattens
| Exhalation -> Domed Shape
91
How many deciduous teeth does a person normally have?
20
92
What is the life span of epithelial cells in the lining of the stomach?
3 to 6 days
93
Selects the best description for the filiform papillae.
Contains no taste buds.
94
Antacid tablets are used to help neutralize the acidity of gastric contents. What cells are responsible for this acidity.
Parietal Cells
95
Advancing a gastric tube from the oral cavity to the oropharynx requires passing through the.
Fauces.
96
What is the terminal portion of the small intestine?
Ileum.
97
Which of the following are openings into the nasopharynx?
1. Auditory Tube
2. Fauces
3. Internal Naris
4. External Naris
5. Nasolacrimal Duct
1. Auditory Tube
| 3. Internal Naris
98
Each tertiary bronchus supplies a region of a lung called a/an?
Bronchopulmonary segment.
99
Bile helps accomplish which of the following
1. Chemical breakdown of protein
2. Emulsification
3. Protection of the gastric lining
4. Mantenance of an alkaline pH in the duodenum
Emulsification
100
Obstruction or blockage of the nasolacrimal duct will prevent drainage of tears into the:
Nasal cavity
101
Vibrissae are what?
Nasal Guard Hairs
102
The ____ of the stomach is/are responsible for the production of gastric juices?
Gastric Glands
103
The head of the pancreas is located closest to the?
Curve of Duodenum.
104
What is the function of parietal cells in the stomach?
They produce intrinsic factor.
105
Which of the following is true for olfactory hairs?
1. They are dendrites of olfactory neurons.
2. They produce mucus in the olfactory glands.
3. They are cilia of the supporting cells.
4. They are cilia of olfactory receptors.
4. They are cilia of olfactory receptors.
106
What about the cornea is true?
The connective tissue layer of the cornea is avascular.
107
What is the effect of sympathetic innervation to the lungs?
Dilation of the bronchioles.
108
Where is the lacrimal gland located?
Superior and lateral to the eyeball
109
Liver cells called _______ produce bile.
Hepatocytes.
110
Which of the following types of cells is the last to receive a light ray as it travels through the retina?
Photoreceptors.
111
Which of the following features of the lungs face(s) the heart?
1. Hilus
| 2. Mediastinal Surface
112
Peristaltic Contraction occur where?
Occur in the stomach , esophagus, small intestine, large intestine.
113
As a molecule of oxygen passes from alveolar air into the blood it passes through the layers of the alveolar capillary membrane in what order?
1. Epithelial Basement Membrane
2. Capillary Basement Membrane
3. Alveolar Epithelial Wall
4. Capillary Endothelial Wall
3. Alveolar Epithelial Wall
1. Epithelial Basement Membrane
2. Capillary Basement Membrane
4. Capillary Endothelial Wall
114
The cardiac notch is a feature of the?
Left lung.
115
The base of the lung is...
Just superior to the diaphragm.
The inferior surface.
Concave.
116
The air passages beneath the conchae that create turbulence within the nasal cavity are.
Conchae.
117
What is the site of contact digestion?
Brush Border of the small intestine.
118
What happens when the diaphragm contracts?
The size of the thoracic cavity increases and air flows into the lungs.
119
Proportionally, cones are found where?
Most densely at the middle of the retina.
120
A cataract is a problem with the what?
Lens
121
The tensor tympani attaches onto the what?
Malleus
122
Where are taste buds located?
The vallate papillae.
123
Which of the following cell types secrete gastrin?
Enteroendocrine cells.
124
What are Peyer patches, and where are they located?
Lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the ileum.
125
Glaucoma is a condition which may occur due to the malfunction of the?
Scleral Venous Sinus
126
The falciform ligament attaches what to what?
The liver to the abdominal wall.
127
What is the Valsalva maneuver?
Increases pressure in the abdominal activity and helps to expel abdominal contents.
128
Inner and outer hair cells are components of the what?
Organ of Corti
129
The retina and the posterior edge of the ciliary body meet at the what?
Ora serrata
130
What cranial nerves are responsible for Gustatory discrimination?
CN VII, IX, and X
Facial, Glossalpharngeal, and Vagus.
131
Kupffer cells are found in the sinusoids of what organ?
The liver.
132
What structure is responsible for peristalsis? (think layers of the digestive tract)
Muscularis eterna
133
Vibrissae are what?
Nasal Guard Hairs
134
What type of tissue times the oral cavity?
Stratified squamous epithelium.
135
The deepest cells of the retina are that?
Photoreceptors.
136
What is the purpose of the cartilaginous rings in the trachea?
They help maintain the passageway for air.
137
The lower respiratory tract begins where?
It begins at the trachea.
138
What is the life span of epithelial cells in the lining of the stomach?
3-6 days.
139
The otolith is located in the _______ or
| f the ____________ and _______.
Maculae
Utricle and Saccule
140
What is the superior opening into the stomach?
Cardiac oriface.
141
The hilum of the lung is on its what? (think location)
Mediastinal Surface.
142
The fact that cone cells exhibit less neuronal convergence than rod cells do i part of the reason that...?
Cone cells are responsible for for resolution images, but require bright light to function.
143
Oblique musculature is only found in the __________?
Stomach
144
A layer of dense connective tissue that covers all of the eyeball except the cornea is called the what?
Sclera.
145
Third order neurons....?
Carry nerve impulses to the primary somatosensory area in the postcentral gyrus.
146
The principal muscles of inspiration are the _____ and the _____.
Diaphragm and external intercostals.
147
Which of the following types of cells are the first to recieve a light ray as it travels through the retina?
Ganglion Cell.
148
What are the helix and lobule associated with?
The external ear.
149
Sensory nerve impulses may be integrated at all of the following levels of the CNS. Perception, however, occurs when the sensory impulses reach which region?
Cerebral Coretex
150
Which of the following do not contain cartilage?
1. Tertiary bronchi
2. Alveolar ducts
3. Respiratory bronchioles
4. Terminal bronchioles.
2. Alveolar ducts
3. Respiratory bronchioles
4. Terminal bronchioles
151
This structure separates the esophagus from the respiratory tract along their length
The trachealis muscle and ligament
152
LASIK will what?
Change the shape of the cornea.
153
The salivary glands whose ducts open on either side of the lingual frenulum are the?
Submandibular glands
154
The portal triad in the liver consists of branches of the?
Hepatic vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct.
155
The layer of connective tissue underlying the epithelium of the mucosa of the GI tract is called the?
Lamina Propria
156
These features of a gomphosis help actively anchor a tooth to its socket.
The periodontal ligament and the cementum.
157
Factors which protect the stomach from self-digestion include all of the EXCEPT
1. Tight junctions
2. Epithelial Cell Replacement
3. Mucous Coat
4. Desmosomes
Desmosomes.
158
Low frequency sounds generate stimuli in the Organ of Corti, most specifically where?
Toward the apex (helicotrema) of the cochlea).
159
Opening above and below the _______ are the lacrimal puncta.
Caruncle.
160
How would damage or removal of parts of the mesentery interfere with normal function of the small intestine?
The blood and nerve supply would suffer interference.
161
Identify the correct order of smooth muscle layers in the stomach from innermost to outermost.
```
Innermost
-Oblique
-Circular
-Longitudinal
Outermost
```
162
What is the mechanism that permits a beer drinker to participate in a belching contest?
Expulsion of gas from the cardiac region of the stomach through the weakly constricting esophageal sphincter.
163
The mesentery that suspends some of the large intestine is the?
Mesocolon.
164
The pancreas is what?
Both a digestive and an endocrine organ.
165
Segmentation movements differ from those os peristalsis because segmentation movements
Churn and mix the digestive contents, but produce no net movement in a particular direction.
166
The hormone cholecystokinin stimulates what?
It stimulates secretion by the liver and an increase of pancreatic juice.
167
The other special sense that contributes the most to olfactory perception is?
```
Vision
Gustation
Audition
Mechanoreception
None of the Above.
```
Gustation
168
The semicircular canals include which of the three?
Anterior, Posterior, Lateral
169
What aspects of hearing will be lost if the auditory cortex is damaged?
Sound interpretation and pattern recognition will be difficult or impossible.
170
At the periphery, the iris is attached to the anterior region of the...?
Ciliary body.
171
Pleura fluid is secreted by what?
Both visceral and parietal pleura.
172
The cell types of the respiratory epithelium include all of the following except:
Mucus glands
Pseudostratifeid, ciliated, and columnar epithelia
lymphocytes
goblet cells
All the above
Lymphocytes
173
What aspect of laryngeal function would be impaired if the arytenoid cartilages are damaged?
Sound production would be impaired.
174
When rods and cones are stimulated by light, they in turn stimulate which cells?
Bipolar cells.
175
Visual information from the retinas first arrives for processing at?
The lateral geniculate nuclei.
176
Diverticulosis is a condition afflicting what organ?
The large intestine.
177
Control of propulsive movements of the digestive tract is via the....?
Myenteric plexus.
178
The middle lobar bronchus is found where?
The right lung only.
179
Which of the following is NOT part of the esophageal wall?
```
Adeventita
Mucosa
Muscularis Externa
Submucosa
Serosa
```
Serosa
180
Control of the secretions of the digestive tract is via the...?
Submucosal plexus
181
The structure located in the medial canthus is the?
Lacrimal Caruncle.
182
The parietal cells, chief cells, and G-cells are located where?
In the gastric glands, within the stomach.
183
What intestinal function would be altered or eliminated if the myenteric plexus did not occur>
Local peristalsis and segmentation movements would not occur.
184
The head of the pancreas is located closest to the what?
Curve of the duodenum.
