Exam 1

Question 1

categorical approach to defining abnormality

Answer 1

You either have a disorder, or you don’t

Question 2

dimensional approach to defining abnormality

Answer 2

Behavior falls on a continuum

Question 3

mental disorder

Answer 3

Syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

Question 4

challenges of making an accurate diagnosis

Answer 4

Disorders have overlapping symptoms

Etiology matters

People lie

Not everyone can tell you accurate symptoms

Question 5

another diagnostic classification system

Answer 5

ICD-10

Question 6

how does culture influence diagnosis?

Answer 6

“Abnormal” in one culture may be “normal” for another; may also have higher stigma; and culture-specific illnesses

Question 7

different types of prevalence

Answer 7

point, one-year, and lifetime

Question 8

most common types of mental disorders

Answer 8

Depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, and trauma and eating disorders

Question 9

different sources of info for diagnosis

Answer 9

case study, self-report, and observational

Question 10

internal validity

Answer 10

Methodologically sound;

Question 11

external validity

Answer 11

Generalizability

Question 12

basic threats to internal validity

Answer 12

In Victorian time, his mother regularly sells mortally terrible, incredibly contaminated roast duck
Interval validity threats, history, maturation, regression, selection, mortality, testing, instrumentation, contamination, rivalry, demoralization

Question 13

basic concepts of correlational research

Answer 13

Allows research things you cannot manipulate in la; correlation coefficient ranges from -1.0-+1.0= no correlation

Question 14

what does a positive or negative correlation mean?

Answer 14

Positive - one variable increases/decreases while the other variable increases/decreases
Negative - opposite

Question 15

9 historical approaches and impact on modern practice in abnormal psych

Answer 15

Spiritual possession, physical, descriptive/clinical, supernatural/superstitious, dehumanizing, humanizing, biological, philosophical, and scientific/experiemental

Question 16

Mary M. has experienced a period of depression lasting for the past 2 months. Mary feels that this depression results from a lack of prayer in her life. She feels if she prayed more she would feel much better. This is an example of a ______________ view of mental illness?

Spiritual/supernatural

Biological

Philosophical

Physical

Answer 16

Spiritual/supernatural

Question 17

etiology

Answer 17

Causal pattern of something

Question 18

necessary cause

Answer 18

Something that HAS to be present in order for a disorder to occur

Question 19

sufficient cause

Answer 19

You only need one sufficient cause to get a disorder

Question 20

risk factor (contributory cause in book)

Answer 20

When present, the likelihood of developing a disorder increases

Question 21

causal/risk factors are ______ linear and __________ interact with each other

Answer 21

rarely; frequently

Question 22

diathesis

Answer 22

A predisposition toward developing a disorder

Question 23

basic diathesis-stress models

Answer 23

Interactive and additive

Question 24

protective factors

Answer 24

Decrease risk of developing or maintaining a disorder

Question 25

multi-finality

Answer 25

Different people exposed to the same event, can have multiple outcomes

Question 26

equifinality

Answer 26

Different events can lead to the same outcome across different individuals

Question 27

how do neurons communicate?

Answer 27

Neurotransmitters move through neuron and through axon, contained in vesicles  vesicles merge with membrane at axon button  neurotransmitters released into synapse  neurotransmitter must find appropriate receptor  receptor then communicates with next cell to continue the process

Question 28

how can things go wrong in neuron communication?

Answer 28

Too much/not enough produced, poor deactivation of neurotransmitter in synapse, too many/not enough receptors, and diffusion of neurotransmitter across atonal membrane

Question 29

5 important neurotransmitters in psychology

Answer 29

NE, DA, 5-HT, Glu, and GABA NE derives from DA and GABA is made from Glu

Question 30

what is a hormone?

Answer 30

Chemical messengers produced in body (but not brain)

Question 31

how does a hormone differ from a neurotransmitter?

Answer 31

Hormones produced in body, NT produced in brain

Question 32

HPA axis

Answer 32

x

Question 33

sex hormones

Answer 33

Pandrogen and testosterone and estrogens

Question 34

how do genes work?

Answer 34

xDNA > RNA > Protein > Trait/Effects

Question 35

difference in genotype and phenotype?

Answer 35

``` Genotype = final result Phenotype = how gene is expressed ```

Question 36

5 influences of GxE interactions

Answer 36

nutrition, Behavior, Stress, Toxins, and Stochasticity

Question 37

at what age is temperament established?

Answer 37

2-3 months

Question 38

basic tenets of psychodynamic viewpoint

Answer 38

Humans have basic, intrapsychic needs that must be met Failing to resolve these needs leads to mental illness Mental illness, then, is a SYMPTOM of the failure to resolve basic intrapsychic needs

Question 39

object relations

Answer 39

“Self” and “Other” connected by an emotion

Question 40

basic tenets of behavioral perspective

Answer 40

Behaviors are learned through + and – reinforcement and punishment Learned behaviors can generalize Symptoms of mental illness are learned (and therefore can be unlearned

Question 41

cognitive-behavioral perspective

Answer 41

How we think about things interacts with our interpretation of those things, and thus interacts with what we learn from them We develop schema to help us process information more efficiently Schema usually, thus, lead to distortions, because we overlook reality with “assumptions” programmed by our schema

Question 42

meaning/purpose behind Quantum Physics and Abnormal psych?

Answer 42

In abnormalmpsych, we are often asked to observe (and describe) symptoms and behaviors that are barely perceptible

Question 43

Basic threats to external validity

Answer 43

Extroverted valets who interact with testes are sellouts, but they hustle endless moolah External validity, interaction of testing, interaction of selection, the Hawthorne effect, and multiple