Flashcards in Exam 1 Deck (43)
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1
categorical approach to defining abnormality
You either have a disorder, or you don't
2
dimensional approach to defining abnormality
Behavior falls on a continuum
3
mental disorder
Syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior
4
challenges of making an accurate diagnosis
Disorders have overlapping symptoms
Etiology matters
People lie
Not everyone can tell you accurate symptoms
5
another diagnostic classification system
ICD-10
6
how does culture influence diagnosis?
"Abnormal" in one culture may be "normal" for another; may also have higher stigma; and culture-specific illnesses
7
different types of prevalence
point, one-year, and lifetime
8
most common types of mental disorders
Depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, and trauma and eating disorders
9
different sources of info for diagnosis
case study, self-report, and observational
10
internal validity
Methodologically sound;
11
external validity
Generalizability
12
basic threats to internal validity
In Victorian time, his mother regularly sells mortally terrible, incredibly contaminated roast duck
Interval validity threats, history, maturation, regression, selection, mortality, testing, instrumentation, contamination, rivalry, demoralization
13
basic concepts of correlational research
Allows research things you cannot manipulate in la; correlation coefficient ranges from -1.0-+1.0= no correlation
14
what does a positive or negative correlation mean?
Positive - one variable increases/decreases while the other variable increases/decreases
Negative - opposite
15
9 historical approaches and impact on modern practice in abnormal psych
Spiritual possession, physical, descriptive/clinical, supernatural/superstitious, dehumanizing, humanizing, biological, philosophical, and scientific/experiemental
16
Mary M. has experienced a period of depression lasting for the past 2 months. Mary feels that this depression results from a lack of prayer in her life. She feels if she prayed more she would feel much better. This is an example of a ______________ view of mental illness?
Spiritual/supernatural
Biological
Philosophical
Physical
Spiritual/supernatural
17
etiology
Causal pattern of something
18
necessary cause
Something that HAS to be present in order for a disorder to occur
19
sufficient cause
You only need one sufficient cause to get a disorder
20
risk factor (contributory cause in book)
When present, the likelihood of developing a disorder increases
21
causal/risk factors are ______ linear and __________ interact with each other
rarely; frequently
22
diathesis
A predisposition toward developing a disorder
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basic diathesis-stress models
Interactive and additive
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protective factors
Decrease risk of developing or maintaining a disorder
25
multi-finality
Different people exposed to the same event, can have multiple outcomes
26
equifinality
Different events can lead to the same outcome across different individuals
27
how do neurons communicate?
Neurotransmitters move through neuron and through axon, contained in vesicles vesicles merge with membrane at axon button neurotransmitters released into synapse neurotransmitter must find appropriate receptor receptor then communicates with next cell to continue the process
28
how can things go wrong in neuron communication?
Too much/not enough produced, poor deactivation of neurotransmitter in synapse, too many/not enough receptors, and diffusion of neurotransmitter across atonal membrane
29
5 important neurotransmitters in psychology
NE, DA, 5-HT, Glu, and GABA
NE derives from DA and GABA is made from Glu
30
