Exam 1 Flashcards

(55 cards)

1
Q

refers to any computer based tool that people use to work with information and to support the information and information- processing needs of an organization

A

information technology (IT)

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2
Q

collects,processes,stores, analyzes and disseminates information for a specific purpose.

A

Information systems (IS)

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3
Q

a person who is knowledgable about information systems and information technology

A

informed user

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4
Q

refer to an elementary description of things, events activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored, but are not organized to convey an specific meaning

A

Data items

Examples: numbers, letters, figures, sounds and images

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5
Q

refers to the data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient

A

information

example: GPA by itself is data, but a students GPA paired with their name is information

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6
Q

consists of data and or information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current business problem

A

Knowledge
Example: A company has found that students with a GPA higher than a 3.0 tend excel in the management program. based on that knowledge the company may only choose to interview the students with GPAs 3.0 or above.

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7
Q

an information system that uses computer technology to perform some or all of its intended tasks

A

Computer-based information system (IS)

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8
Q

consists of devices such as the processor, monitor, keyboard, and printer. together, these devices accept , process and display data and information

A

Hardware

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9
Q

a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data

A

software

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10
Q

a collection of related files or tables containing data

A

database

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11
Q

a connecting system (wireline or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources

A

Network

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12
Q

the instructions for combining information technology components (hardware, software, database, and network) to process information and generate the desired output

A

procedures

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13
Q

(IT) components of hardware, software, networks,and databases form…

A

information technology (IT)platform

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14
Q

(IT) personnel use components to develop information systems, oversee security and risk, and manage data

A

information technology(IT) services

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15
Q

a computer program designed to support a specific task or business process

A

Application (or App)
- the HR department sometimes uses one application for screening job applicants and another application for monitoring employee turnover

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16
Q

each department or functional area within an organization has its own collection of applications or information systems.

A

Functional area information system (FAIS)

Examples: accounting IS, marketing IS, finance IS and Human resources IS

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17
Q

designed to correct lack of communication among the functional are IS

A

Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

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18
Q

supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organizations basic business transactions, each of which generate data

A

transaction processing system (TPS)
Example: when you are checking out at Walmart a transaction occurs every time the cashier swipes an item across the bar code reader.

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19
Q

information system that connects 2 or more organizations

A

inter organizational information systems (IOS)

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20
Q

the flow of materials, information, money, and services from suppliers of raw materials through factories and warehouses to the end customers

A

supply chain

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21
Q

professional employees that are experts in a particular subject area

A

knowledge workers

Examples; lawyer, accountant

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22
Q

any asset that provide an organization with an edge against its competitors in some measure such as cost, quantity, or speed.

A

competitive advantage

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23
Q

the combination of social, legal, economic, physical, and political factors in which business conduct their operations.

A

business environment

24
Q

generated by the global economy, intense competition, the changing nature of the workforce and powerful customers

A

Market pressures

25
integration and interdependence of economic, social, cultural and ecological facets of life made possible by rapid advance in IT
Globalization
26
social issues that affect businesses and individuals
individual or organizational social responsibility
27
strategy of making or producing customized products and services
Made-to-order
28
when a company produces a large amount of items but them customizes them to match the needs of the individual customer
mass customization
29
helps organizations implement strategic goals and improve performance and productivity - any IS that helps a company achieve a competitive edge
strategic information systems (SISs)
30
a sequence of activities through which an organizations inputs, are transformed into more valuable outputs
value chain
31
productions and distribution of a firms products and services
primary activities
32
contribute to the firms competitive advantage by supporting their primary activities
support activities
33
produce products and /or services at their lowest cost in the industry
Cost leadership | example; "i can sell at lower price than you can"
34
offer different products, services, or product features than your competitors
Differentiation | Example: southwest airlines "i am better than you because i am different "
35
introduce new products and services and add new features to existing products.
innovation | example: "i am doing something new and you can't catch up"
36
improve the manner in which a firm executes its internal business processes so that it performs more effectively than its rivals
operational effectiveness | example: i can do the same thing, but more efficiently than you can"
37
concentrating on making the customers happy
customer oriented | example: "i treat my customers better than you do"
38
the tight integration of the IT function with an organizations strategy, mission and goals.
Business- technology alignment
39
a binary digit that is either a 1 or a 0
bit
40
a group of eight bits the represents a single character
byte
41
data collected about user behavior and browsing patterns by monitoring users activities when visiting a website
clickstream data
42
a collection of logically related records
data file (or table)
43
an approach to managing data across an entire organization
data governance
44
a low cost, scaled down version of a data warehouse that is designed to end users needs in a strategic business unit or department
Data mart
45
a digram that represents entities in the data base and their relationships
data model
46
the software program that provides access to a data base
database management system (DBMS)
47
a field in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table
foreign key
48
each row in a relational table , which is specific and unique representation of the entity
instance
49
a set of core data, such as customer, product, employee, vendor, geographic location and so on, that spans an enterprise information system
Master data
50
a process that allows companies to store, maintain, exchange, and synchronize for a companies core master data
master data management
51
storage of data in more than 2 dimensions
multidimensional structure | example: data cube
52
a grouping of logically related files
record
53
data base model based on the simple concept of tables in order to capitalize on characteristics of rows and columns of data
relational data base model
54
a grouping of logically related records
table
55
volume - large amounts of data velocity- the rate at which data flow is rapidly increasing variety- formats change rapidly
Characteristics of big data