What is policy?
- laws
- legislative actions
- regulations/organized guidance
- rules (both formal and informal)
- can be written as codes or standards that guide choices or common practices
how is policy related to physical activity?
- policies affect the environment or individual behavior
- focus: built environment, social network, organizational norms and policies, laws
national transportation regulations
determine highways trust fund allocations to motor ways, transit and pedestrian amenities
community design policies
promote activity friendly guide school siting
engineering standards
guide street design and traditions that guide school siting
worksite support
PA by reduced health club membership fees
policy is not made it ________
policy is not made it accumulates
physical activity policy research methods applied process
- preparation- what is the problem and existing political environment
- conceptualization- how is that problem defined and what are the research questions
- technical analysis- what is feasible
- recommendations analysis
- communication- who needs to know about the results
policy definition
formal statement; defines priorities for action, goals and strategies, and accountabilities; -allocation of resources
- guide to action
- written or unwritten; processes and decisions
criteria for successful policy
- key stakeholders
- multiple level strategies
- coalitions, alliances and partnerships
- integration
- sustainable
- identity
- evaluation
- surveillance/health monitoring
- national guidelines/recommendations
percent of adults inactivity worldwide
23.3%
percent of inactivity worldwide in adolescents in school?
80%
global target to reduce physical inactivity to worldwide by 2025
10%
of cases of dementia avoided with sufficient activity?
~300,000
more research efforts needed in ____-_____ countries
low income countries
first global policy
WHO, 2004- the global strategy for diet, physical activity and health
difficulty with policy implementation
- insufficient workforce for implementation
- formation of effective/sustainable multi-sector partnerships
- most effective/feasible actions are unclear
what does the step it up policy entail
- calls on americans to be more physically active through walking
- calls on the nation to better support walking and walkability through community improvements and pedestrian encouragement (safety, access, and culture change)
Why does step it up choose walking
anyone can participate in walking, it doesn’t cost money, most popular type of PA in the US
5 strategic goals for Step it up
- make walking a national priority
- design communities people of all ages can safely walk in
- promote programs to support walking where people live learn work and play
- provide information to encourage walking and improve walkability
- fill surveillance, research and evaluation gaps related to walking and walkability
municipal code
system of laws, rules, and regulations in a community
resolution
motion that formally expresses the sense, will or action of a deliberative assembly
complete streets
roadways that are designed for safe travel along and across the road for all users of all abilities and modes, including motorized vehicles, bicyclists, and pedestrians
the Topeka complete streets resolution
promotes walking, bicycling, and transit use to increase the general safety and welfare of topekas citizens
zoning
division of city or county land by legislative regulation into districts or zones for different uses, such as for open space, residential space, commercial space or other purposes
taxing
local taxes can be used to increase funding for special purposes, such as financing initiatives that support walking and biking
US national physical activity plan 2010
one day, all Americans will be physically active and they will live, work, and play in environments that facilitate regular PA
active transportation and physical activity
includes public transit, walking, biking, and other non motorized forms of transportation
walkability
measure of how friendly and area is to walking
benefits of walking
health, environment, economic, increased PA
Kansas city department of planning and development and public works has 5 pedestrian level of service measures
- directness
- continuity
- street crossings
- visual interest and amenities
- security
pedestrian security
ratio to violent crime to area’s population and employment
by late 1920’s there were already more cars in America than there were households (how many cars?)
~26 million
what is the bike share program in manhattan?
green apple bikes
what is the public transportation in manhattan?
ATA bus
rates of active travel are lower in America than in
western European countries
describe active commuting to school
- active commuting has declined over time
- driving to school has increased
- most students that walk to commute are 10-12.7 minutes walking and 8.6-13.2 minutes biking
5 E’s of safe routes to school
education encouragement engineering enforcement evaluation
urban design
physical appearance and function of a city including public spaces
land use
distribution of activities across space
transportation system
physical infrastructure for cars, pedestrians, cyclistys
