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Brain And Behavior > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Rostral

A

Toward nose

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2
Q

Caudal

A

Toward tail

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3
Q

Axial vs saggital vs coronal

A

Top vs bottom
Left v right
Front v back

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4
Q

Dorsal vs ventral spinal cord

A

Dorsal is sensory afferent

Ventral is motor efferent

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5
Q

Dorsal root ganglion

A

Cluster of cell bodies of sensory neurons outside spinal cord

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6
Q

Gray vs white spinal cord

A

Gray is center unmyelinated

White is outter and myelinated

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7
Q

Somatic vs autonomic

A

Both PNS
Somatic is voluntary muscles (as well as sensory info)
Autonomic is for involuntary and has sympathetic and para

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8
Q

Sym vs para

A

Sym - fight or flight

Para - rest and digest

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9
Q

3 main divisions of brain

A

Hindbrain, midbrain, forebrain

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10
Q

Hindbrain

A

Medulla

Pons cerebellum

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11
Q

Brainstem

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla,

Survival functions like undead chicken

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12
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Control sensations from head, movement in head, and parasympathetic stuff

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13
Q

Medulla

A

Above spinal cord (superior)

Vital stuff like breathing

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14
Q

Pons

A

Ventral to medulla and for arousal

Has reticular formation and raphe system

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15
Q

Reticular formation

A

Output to cerebral cortex Increasing arousal and attention

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16
Q

Raphe system

A

Modifies readiness

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17
Q

Cerebellum

A

Main hindbrain thing
Regulation and coordination of movement
Shifting attention between auditory and visual stimuli

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18
Q

Midbrain

A

Tectum
Superiors colliculus and inferior culliculus
Tegmentum
Substantia nigra

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19
Q

Tectum

A

Roof of midbrain

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20
Q

Superior and inferior colliculus

A

Process sensory

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21
Q

Tegmentum

A

Nuclei for cranial nerves

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22
Q

Substantia nigra

A

Dopamine containing pathway

Readiness for movement

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23
Q

Forebrain

A

Front
2 hemispheres
Receives sensory
Contralateral control

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24
Q

Subcortical structures

A

Basal ganglia and thalamus

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25
Basal ganglia
Planning movement Memory Emotion
26
Thalamus
Relay station | Main source of sensory input
27
Limbic system
Rings the brainstem | Whole bunch of stuff
28
Hippocampus
In limbic region Between thalamus and cerebral cortex Storing memories
29
Hypothalamus
Inferior to thalamus Controls pituitary gland Motivated behaviors
30
Pituitary gland
Hormones maker | Under hypothalamus
31
Basal forebrain
Contains nucleus basalis for arousal and wakefulness
32
Central canal
Channel in spinal cord for csf
33
What combines cerebral cortex
Corpus callosum and anterior commissure
34
How many laminar in cerebral cortex
6 layers | Also has columns
35
4 lobes of CC
Occipital posterior for vision Parietal primary somatosesory cortex in postcentral gyrus Temporal - sides for auditory and language Frontal - precentral gyris for motor control and prefrontal cortex for higher thinking, working memory, executive control
36
Kluver busy syndrome -
Temporal lobe damage | Put things in mouth and fuck everything
37
Lobotomies
Scrambled frontal lobe
38
Is there a single central processor in cerebral cortex
No
39
Binding problem
How do visual auditory and other areas produce perception of a single object? Maybe synchonous waves of activity but not sure
40
4 main research methods
Effects of damage Stimulation Record during behavior Corellate anatomy with behavior
41
Broca's area
Can't form words but know what it means, hodor
42
Wernicke
Makes many random words, nonsensical
43
Phineas gauge
Became an ass
44
Lesion vs ablation
Damage vs remove
45
Stereotactic instrument
Damages part
46
Gene knockout approach
Inactivate regions by mutating genes critical to development or function
47
Transcrainal magnetic stimulation
TRS | Magnets inactivate part
48
Limits on stim
Many interconnected structures are responsible for certain behaviors
49
Functional techniques
``` EEG MEG PET fMRI Relative differences (subtraction technique) ```
50
EEG
Good temporal bad spatial | Evoked potential is average of EEG data to cancel out noise to find unique response to stim
51
PET
Poor temporal but better spatial | Requires radioactive tracer
52
FMRI
Magnetic properties of hemoglobin | Best spatial and temporal, eeg is better temporal but still
53
Look for abnormal to relate to weird behavior
CAT or MRI
54
Phrenology
Was look for weird head shape bs | Debunked
55
CT
Has dye and is fancy gantry X-ray slices
56
MRI
Hydrogen attoms | Looks for anatomy
57
Temporal vs spatial summation
Manny in a row vs different adjacent spots
58
Spontaneous firing rate
AP can happen randomly its just that EPSP make more and IPSP make less than this rate
59
Ionotropic effect
NT attatches and ligand gated ion channels open immediately | Quick and not long on there
60
Metabotropic
NT's attatch to receptor which releases G protein which goes ot second messenger and its for slower stuff like hunger
61
Oxytocin and vasopressin
From hypothalamus to posterior pituitary
62
Releasing hormones
Go from HT to anterior pituitary to release hormones
63
Hypothalamus
Regulates hormones with negative feedback system
64
Reuptake
Removal of used NTs from synaptic cleft into pre s with transporters
65
Inactivation
Acetylcholinesterase brakes down ACh
66
Serotonin broken by
COMT MAO
67
If not inactivated or reuptaked
Just diffuse away
68
Autoreceptors
For negative feedback the Pre s has one attatch when theres enough sent out
69
Other negative feedback
Post release Chema to pre to say stop
70
Gap junction
Direct contact of membrane so just electrical and faster
71
Interneurons/intrinsic neurons
Ones only in one structure
72
Astrocytes
Presynaptic terminal to contain an remove NTs
73
Microglia
Immune system
74
Oligodendrocytes
CNS dont heal
75
Schwann cell
Only myelinated 1 axon at a time, PNS
76
Radial glia
Development ones
77
Blood brain barrier
Not a structure just result of narrow caps | Small things get through and GLUCOSe goes actively in
78
Thiamine
Helps use glucose | Without it korsakoff syndrome and memory impairment, symptom of alcoholism
79
Anesthetic drugs
Block Na channels preventing AP
80
Multiple sclerosis
Damaged Myelin sheath so cant propagate and poor coordination
81
Local neuron
No real AP just depolarizers in proportion with stim; not all or none
82
Mind body problem
Relationship between mental experience and brain activity
83
Dualism
Descartes says two substances interacting at pineal gland cuz only one
84
Monism
One substance
85
Four explanations
Functional Evolutionary Ontogenetic - lifespan Physiological
86
Animal research
Similarities Interesting Minimalist vs abolitionist
87
3 Rs
Reduce replace refine

Brain And Behavior (3 decks)

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