Exam 1

Question 1

Ravi Shankar

Style/genre, nationality, prominence

Answer 1

Hindustani, India, composer of Hindustani classical music

Question 2

Tyagaraja

Style/genre, nationality, prominence

Answer 2

Karnatak, India, greatest composer

Question 3

Lata Mangshkar

Style/genre, nationality, prominence

Answer 3

bollywood, India, standardized female vocals as thin, light

Question 4

Harry T. Burleigh

Style/genre, nationality, prominence

Answer 4

jazz, black, arranged spirituals for choruses and voice and piano

Question 5

Alan Lomax

Style/genre, nationality, prominence

Answer 5

folk, american, recorded a ton of folk music

Question 6

Francis James Child

Style/genre, nationality, prominence

Answer 6

ballads, British, collected Child ballads

Question 7

Reggie Rockstone

Style/genre, nationality, prominence

Answer 7

hiplife, ghana, pioneered hip-life movement

Question 8

sachs-hornbostel instrument classification

Answer 8

idiophone, membranophone, chordophone, aerophone, electrophone

Question 9

types of textures

Answer 9

monophonic = one melody
homophonic = one melody + accompaniment
polyphonic = many melodies

Question 10

ostinato

Answer 10

short repeating section of music

Question 11

sesquialtera

Answer 11

3:2 ratio

Question 12

strophic

Answer 12

verse-repeating. All verses are sung to the same music

Question 13

raga & tala

Answer 13

melody & cycle. 5-7 pitches per raga. most common tala is tintal, a 16-beat cycle

Question 14

kriti

Answer 14

“creation,” longer format of a karnatak song

Question 15

agbekor & agbadza

:use of music, connect to culture

Answer 15

battle prep, funerals, political events; Ewe

Question 16

holi & ganesh chaturthi festivals

:use of music, connect to culture

Answer 16

spring festival of colors & 10-day celebration of Lord Ganesh (end of august / early september)

Question 17

jig & reel

:use of music, connect to culture

Answer 17

jig = Irish folk dance, fast in compound meters
reels = indigenous to Scotland, fast dense meter, crossed Atlantic with Irish and British migration

Question 18

jazz funeral

:use of music, connect to culture

Answer 18

hymns (sacred songs for worship) & dirges (instrumental laments played at slow tempo)

Question 19

vedic chant

:use of music, connect to culture

Answer 19

sacred spiritual texts of hinduism, closely associated with the royalty of India. Hindustani evolved from vedic chant

Question 20

tambura

:describe its use and connect to specific tradition/culture

Answer 20

provides drone sound in [karnatak?] music

Question 21

scottish highland pipes

:describe its use and connect to specific tradition/culture

Answer 21

outdoor, marching, war hype. Funerals for police & firemen who died in line of duty

Question 22

uilleann pipes

:describe its use and connect to specific tradition/culture

Answer 22

irish, intimate, indoor settings

Question 23

mridangam

:describe its use and connect to specific tradition/culture

Answer 23

double-headed drum. provides rhythmic accompaniment in karnatak music

Question 24

tabla

:describe its use and connect to specific tradition/culture

Answer 24

pair of drums, important in hindustani music

Question 25

sitar | :describe its use and connect to specific tradition/culture

Answer 25

20 stringed instrument, used in hindustani music

Question 26

atumpan | :describe its use and connect to specific tradition/culture

Answer 26

pair of (big) drums, Akan

Question 27

gankogui | :describe its use and connect to specific tradition/culture

Answer 27

double bell, Ewe

Question 28

axatse | :describe its use and connect to specific tradition/culture

Answer 28

gourd shaker, Ewe

Question 29

son (mexico) | :connect to ethnic group/culture & describe general characteristics

Answer 29

huasteco; song dance, strophic form, sesquialtera rhythm

Question 30

highlife | :connect to ethnic group/culture & describe general characteristics

Answer 30

answer

Question 31

qawwali | :connect to ethnic group/culture & describe general characteristics

Answer 31

Sufism (mystical form of islam),

Question 32

karnatic | :connect to ethnic group/culture & describe general characteristics

Answer 32

abrupt ornamentation, 50/50 improvised-composed

Question 33

hindustani | :connect to ethnic group/culture & describe general characteristics

Answer 33

smooth ornamentation, mostly improvised

Question 34

spirituals (including jubilee & concert spiritual) | :connect to ethnic group/culture & describe general characteristics

Answer 34

african-american: ring shout, hymnody | jubilee = closed harmonies

Question 35

field holler | :connect to ethnic group/culture & describe general characteristics

Answer 35

sung solo

Question 36

work songs | :connect to ethnic group/culture & describe general characteristics

Answer 36

black, call-and-response

Question 37

highlife

Answer 37

ghana, idfk

Question 38

corrido | :connect to ethnic group/culture & describe general characteristics

Answer 38

mexico, ballad. strophic

Question 39

pibroch

Answer 39

artistic venture of scottish culture, slow laments

Question 40

new orleans/dixieland jazz

Answer 40

Drums provide beat while others take turn carrying melody, trumpet improvised solo

Question 41

kirtan | :connect to ethnic group/culture & describe general characteristics

Answer 41

sikh; hymn form. most important way to achieve communion w/ the divide