Exam 1 Flashcards Preview

BIOL 1020 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Exam 1 Deck (36)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific hypothesis?

A

Hypothesis- a suggested explanation for an observable phenomenon, or a reasoned prediction of a possible causal correlation among multiple phenomena.

Theory- a tested, well-substantiated, unifying explanation for a set of verified, proven factors

2
Q

What is the difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

A

Prokaryotic- complex, have membrane-enclosed organelles

Eukaryotic- simple, lack the membrane-enclosed organelles

3
Q

List the steps of the scientific method

A
  • observation
  • hypothesis
  • experiment/test
  • result
  • conclusion
4
Q

Molly leaves for school at 7:00am. Molly is always on time. Molly, assumes, then, that she will be on time if she leaves at 7:00am. This is known as what kind of reasoning?

A

Inductive reasoning - proceeds from the specific to the general

5
Q

Give an example of:

a) an element
b) a trace element
c) an essential element

A

a) Na, K, Li, Mg
b) C, N, O
c) Fe, I, Zn

6
Q

Name 7 characteristics that all living organisms share

A
  • order
  • evolutionary adaptation
  • response to the environment
  • reproduction
  • energy processing
  • regulation
  • growth and development
7
Q

What bond results from unequal sharing of electrons?

A

Covalent bond

8
Q

In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by

A

Polar covalent bonds

9
Q

What allows hydrogen bonds to form?

A

when a partially postive hydrogen atom in a polar covalent bond is attracted to a partially negative atom in another polar covalent bond

10
Q

Relative to other temperatures, water tends to resist changes in temperature. Why?

A

Water is highly cohesive. Its molecules tend to resist increases in motion. When water is heated, some of the energy is used to disturb the hydrogen bonds bonds between neighboring molecules.

11
Q

Why does ice float?

A

Because it is less dense than water

12
Q

The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are _______

A

Hydrogen bonds

13
Q

Water is a polar molecule. This means that _____

A

it cam form hydrogen bonds with each other

14
Q

What are buffers?

A

a solution that can resist pH change upon the addition of an acidic or basic components

15
Q

What are polymers made of?

A

monomers

16
Q

the process of joining two molecules, or compounds, together following the removal of water

A

dehydration synthesis

17
Q

monomer of carbohydrates

A

monosaccharides

18
Q

polymers of carbohydrates

A

polysaccharides

19
Q

carbohydrate linkage

A

glycosidic linkage

20
Q

monomers of lipids

A

fatty acids and glycerol

21
Q

polymers of lipids

A

triaclyglycerols

22
Q

Lipid linkage

A

Ester linkage

23
Q

monomers of proteins

A

amino acids

24
Q

polymers of proteins

A

polypeptide

25
Q

protein linkage

A

peptide bonds

26
Q

monomers of nucleic acids

A

amino acids

27
Q

polymers of nucleic acids

A

polynucleotides

28
Q

Nucleic Acid linkage

A

phosphodiester linkages

29
Q

Of what are fatty acids composed?

A

three fatty acids and one glycerol

30
Q

Which of the following is the strongest evidence that protein structure and function are correlated?

A) proteins function best at certain temperatures
B) Enzymes tend to be globular in shape
C) Proteins have 4 distinct levels of structure and many functions
D) Denatured (unfolded) proteins do not function normally

A

D) Denatured (unfolded) proteins do not function normally

31
Q

The R-group, or side chain, of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The R-group of the amino acid leucine is -CH2-CH-(CH3)2. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution?

A

Serine would be in the interior, and leucine would be on the exterior of the globular protein.

32
Q

Which molecule is amphipathic?

A

Amino acid

33
Q

You have isolated a liquid from a sample of beans. You add the liquid to a beaker of water and shake vigorously. After a few minutes, the water and the other liquid separate into two layers. To which class of biological macromolecules does the unknown liquid most likely belong?

A

lipids

34
Q

assist in the proper folding of other proteins

A

chaperonin

35
Q

tendency of atoms to prefer 8 electrons in their outer shell (chemically stable/”happy”)

A

octet rule

36
Q

forms when atoms share electrons in order to satisfy the octet rule

A

covalent bond