Flashcards in Exam 1 Deck (89)
Loading flashcards...
1
nation-state
political society that combines centralized government with ethnic and culture unity.
2
Christopher Columbus
Italian navigator who discovered the New World. Sailed from Spain while looking for a route to China (1451-1506)
3
Where did Columbus land?
Bahamas and Caribbean at one point
4
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Spanish explorer who became the first European to see the Pacific Ocean in 1510 while exploring Panama
5
Amerigo Vespucci
The italian sailor who corrected Columbus's mistake, acknowledging the coasts of america as a new world. America is named after him
6
Amerigo Vespucci sail from
Spain
7
Amerigo Vespuccis destination was
South America
8
Dates of America Vespuccis sailing
1499-1502
9
the protestant reformation
A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches.
10
The lost colony of Roanoke
1587 .. a small colony was founded on an island off the eastern coast of North America. The settlement is the first English colony of the new world
11
PERSIA
political, economical, religious, social, intellectual, artistic
12
Mercantilism
an economic theory .. nations power is based on wealth
13
economics
production distribution, consumption of goods, services in a free market system
14
Republic
A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting
15
Democracy
A political system in which the majority of people rule
16
Presentism
an attitude toward the past based on your experiences today
17
disinterestedness
free from self interest ... have no personal advantage in a question or affair. (Judge)
18
the development of large nation states in Western Europe helped ....
spark foreign trade and travel outside the region.
19
New England Colonies
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
20
Hartford was founded by ... in ....
hooker in 1636
21
Rhode Island was founded by
Roger Williams in 1636.
22
Rhode Island was the first colony to
promote religious freedom
23
New Hampshire was founded by
John Wheelwright in 1638
24
Massachusetts was founded by
John Winthrop in 1630
25
who controlled the middle colonies
the dutch
26
Middle Colonies
New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware
27
Who founded Pennsylvania?
William Penn in 1682
28
Maryland Act of Toleration
1649 - Ordered by Lord Baltimore after a Protestant was made governor of Maryland at the demand of the colony's large Protestant population. The act guaranteed religious freedom to all Christians.
29
Southern Colonies
Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
30
create/procreate -> ................................... -> move to a new area
consume // natural resources available
31
Mason-Dixon Line
1767, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon complete their survey of the boundary between the colonies of Pennsylvania and Maryland
divider between free and slave states before the Civil War
32
joint-stock company
Short-term partnership between multiple investors to fund a commercial enterprise; such arrangements were used to fund England's early colonial ventures.
Partnership between investors to fund commercial enterprises
33
Virgina Company of London
English joint-stock company that received a charter from King James I for setllement in the New World whose main attraction was gold. Their charter guaranteed to overseas settlers the same rights they would have enjoyed if they had stayed home.
34
Jamestown
First PERMANENT English settlement in North America. May 1607
35
when settlers arrived at Jamestown
Dozens of people died from disease, starvation
36
First Anglo-Powhatan War
(1614) series of clashes between the Powhatan Confederacy and English settlers in Virginia. English colonists torched and pillaged Indian villages, applying tactics used in England's campaigns against the Irish
37
Second Anglo-Powhatan War
(1644-1646) Last-ditch effort by the Indians to dislodge Virginia settlements. The resulting peace treaty formally separated white and Indian areas of settlement.
38
First Anglo-Powhatan War sealed with
the marriage of Pocahontas and colonist John Rolfe.
39
John Rolfe became the father of the tobacco industry and...
the economic savior of the Virginia colony
40
Tobacco did what for Jamestown
Saved Jamestown. it put Virginia on firm economic foundations.
41
Solitary neglect
Englands policy that lead to the growth of self government in the colonies and caused the colonies to become used to acting independently (do your own thing but don't bother me)
42
House of Burgesses
1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.
43
Virginia company sends 90 women from England to do what
tie the men down
44
In ......., the Virginia courts had sentenced one of the first black indentured servants to slavery.
1640
45
in 1660.. what happened in America
Slavery became legal in America
46
Bacon's Rebellion
A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in an attemp to gain more land
47
What drives capitalism?
profit
48
Spanish Armanda
1588
Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel.....
MARKED THE BEGINNING OF THE DECLINE of the Spanish EMPIRE
49
Barbados slave code
1661
Denied the rights to slaves and gave masters complete control over there slaves. Harsh punishments started
50
Buffer
A territory between two powers to minimize conflict. In British North America Georgia with established as a buffer colony between British and Spanish territory
51
Yamasee Indians
Defeated by
South Carolina in the war 1715 - 1715
This defeat devastated the last coastal Indian tribes in the southern colonies
52
Tuscarora War
1711-1713
Began on Indian attack on new bern, NC.
After tuscaroras were defeated, Indian survivors went northward joining the Iroquois confederacy the 6th nation.
53
Squatters
Farmers who illegally occupied land.
NC were squatters
54
Primogeniture
Legal principle that the rest son inherits all family property or land
55
Spanish Armada
1588
Spanish fleet defeated in the English Channel.
This defeat marked the beginning of the decline of the Spanish empire
56
Calvinism
Dominant theological credo of the New England Puritans based on the teachings of John Calvin.
Calvinists beloved in predestination — that only “the elect” were destined for salvation
57
Puritans
English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of Catholic rituals and creeds.
Devout Puritans believed that only visible saints should be admitted to church membership
58
Predestination
Calvinist doctrine that god has foredained some people to be saved and some to be dammed.
59
Conversion
Gods free gift of saving grace.... those who has this experience were expected to lead “sanctified” lives demonstrating holy behavior that they were amount the visible saints
60
Separatists
Small group or puritans who sought to break away from the Church of England after the king said the saints have to share the pews with the dammed
61
Mayflower compact
1620
Agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth signed aboard the mayflower.
Created a foundation for self-government in the colony
62
Massachusetts bay colony
1630
Established by non-separating puritans, it grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies
63
Great English migration
1630-1642
Migration of 70k refugees from England to the north American colonies primarily new England and the Caribbean. the 20,000 migrants who came to Massachusetts largely shared a common sense of purpose establishing a model of Christian settlement in the New World.
Those who went to the Caribbean liked the warm and fertile West Indies especially the sugar rich Barbados
64
Anne Hutchinson
Held unorthodox views that challenged the authority of the clergy 1591-1643
She created antinomianism then got banished. She traveled to Rhode Island by foot and moved to NY where she was killed by Indians
65
Antinomianism
Belief by Ann Hutchinson that the elect doesn’t have to obey the law of either god or the man.
66
Fundamental Orders
1639
Drafted by settlers in the Connecticut River Valley this document was the first modern constitution establishing a democratically controlled government
67
Pequot War
1636-1638
Series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River Valley this ended in the slaughter of the Pequot by the Puritans
68
King Phillips War
1675-1676
A series of assaults by king Phillip on English settlements In New England..
This attack slowed the westward migration of the New England settlers for several decades
69
English Civil War
1642–1651
Armed conflict between royalist and parliamentarians resulting the victory of pro parliament forces and the execution of Charles I.
After this the New England confederation came.
70
New England confederation
1643
4 colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut led by puritans for the purpose of defense against enemy’s such as Indians, French, Dutch.
Also to solve problems such as runaway servants and criminals.
71
Dominion of New England
1686-1689
Was imposed from London and designed to snitch England’s overseas objects more tightly to the motherland by throttling American trade with country’s not ruled by the British crown.
This was placed under sir Edmund Andros. He taxed without consent and enforced navigation laws
72
Glorious Revolution
1688-1689 —-
Peaceful overthrow of the unpopular catholic monarch king James II who was replaced with Dutch born William III
73
Navigation laws
Series of laws passed in 1651 to regulate colonial shipping.
Only English shops would be allowed to trade in English
Colonial ports and all goods destined for the colonies would have to pass through England
74
Patroonships
Tracts of land along the Hudson River in new Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for 50 settlers to the property
75
Blue laws
Also - sumptuary laws
Designed to restrict personal behavior in accord with a strict code of morality
Padres in Puritan New England and Quaker Pennslyvania
76
indentured servants
when the tobacco was growing in the Chesapeake Bay, they needed people to work.
migrants who worked for a colonial employer for a term of service in farms in exchange for transatlantic passage and an axe, a few barrels of corn, a suit of clothes, and sometimes a small piece of land.
77
headright system
employed in the tabacoo colonies to encourage the servants. who ever paid the passage of a laborer received the right to acquire 50 acres of land
78
Royal African company
Lost it’s monopoly to Cary slaves to colonies. After this the supply of slaves rose
79
Middle passage
Voyage that slaves went through between Africa and the colones. Death rates were high
80
Slave codes
Set of laws in 1662 defining racial slavery. Limited rights and education to slaves
81
Congregational church
Self governing Puritan church and democracy
82
Half way covenant
Agreement allowing uncovered offspring or church members to baptize their children.
It signified a waning of religious zeal among 2nd-3rd generation puritans
83
Salem witch trials
1692-1693
Series of witch craft trials launched after a group of girls in Salem mass claimed to have been bewitched by older women of the town. 20 people died
84
Leislers rebellion
1689-1681
New York
Wealthy colonist attempted to re create European social structure in the new world
85
South Carolina slave revolt
1739 ( Stono River)
50 South Carolina blacks on the stono River. Attempted to reach Spanish Florida but were stopped by the South Carolina military
86
Triangular trade
Exchange of rum slaves and molasses between the North American colonies, Africa and the West Indies.
87
Molasses act
1733
Tax on imported molasses passed by parliament in effort to make money off the North Americans Thrace with French West Indies.
Ineffective due to wisdespread smuggling
88
Great awakening
Religious revival that swept the colonies
1730s 1740s
89
