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NUR414 > Exam 1 adverse effects > Flashcards

Exam 1 adverse effects Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

clinical manifestations: hives, rashes, other dermatological lesions, exfoliative dermatitis, SJS

A

dermatological reactions assessment

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2
Q
  • provide frequent skin care
  • avoid rubbing, wearing tight/rough clothing
  • antihistamines
  • topical corticosteroids and emollients
A

dermatological interventions

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3
Q

inflammation of mucous membranes from direction toxic reaction or drug depositing in the end capillaries causing inflammation
clinical manifestations: swollen gums, inflamed gums, swollen and red tongue

A

stomatitis assessment

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4
Q
  • frequent mouth care
  • frequent, smaller meals
  • dental consultation
  • antifungal agents
A

stomatitis intervention

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5
Q

local irritation of the GI tract
clinical manifestations: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, heart burn, abdominal bloating

A

GI irritation assessment

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6
Q
  • take medications with food
  • motility stimulants to help with constipation
  • caution with anti-acids for heartburn - affect absorption of drugs
A

GI irritation intervention

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7
Q

destruction of normal flora
clinical manifestations: fever, diarrhea, black/hairy tongue, inflamed and swollen tongue, mucous membrane lesions, thrush (white film on tongue), yeast infection

A

superinfections assessment

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8
Q
  • frequent mouth care, skin care
  • antifungal therapy
  • discontinue drug
A

superinfections interventions

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9
Q

clinical manifestations: fever, chills, sore throat, weakness, back pain, dark urine, petechiae, decreased RBC, WBC +/or platelets

A

blood dyscrasia assessment

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10
Q

decreased RBC
clinical manifestations: low blood volume, decreased urine output

A

anemia

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11
Q

decreased WBC
clinical manifestations: increased infection, increased temperature, edam erythema (redness and swelling on the skin)

A

leukopenia

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12
Q

decreased platelets
clinical manifestations: bleeding, bruising, dark and tarry stools, bleeding gums, nose bleeds

A

thrombocytopenia

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13
Q
  • monitoring blood pressure and for orthostatic hypotension
  • monitor oxygenation
  • iron supplementation
A

anemia interventions

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14
Q
  • protections from infections
  • wash and cook all produce
  • cook meat thoroughly
  • adequate handwashing
  • avoiding crowds and sick contacts
A

leukopenia interventions

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15
Q
  • avoiding activities that may result in bleeding
  • use of an electric razor
  • monitor bleeding
A

thrombocytopenia interventions

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16
Q

clinical manifestations: fever, malaise (feeling ill), n/v, jaundice, change in urine and stool color, abdominal pain, elevate liver enzymes (AST & ALT), changes in clotting factors

A

hepatoxicity assessment

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17
Q

what is the normal range of hemoglobin in a healthy individual?

A

12-17.5g/dL

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18
Q

what is the normal range of WBCs in a healthy individual?

A

4500-10000/mm3

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19
Q

what is the normal range of platelets in a healthy individual?

A

150000-450000/mcL

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20
Q

what is the normal range of liver enzymes in a healthy individual (AST & ALT)?

A

8-55U/L

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21
Q

what is the normal range of bilirubin in a healthy individual?

A

<0.3mg/dL
total bilirubin=0.1-1.2mg/dL

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22
Q

caused by renal vasoconstriction, direct tubular damage, or intratubular obstruction
-clinical manifestation: elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN), elevate creatinine, decreased urine output, electrolyte imbalances, fatigue, malaise (feeling ill), edema, irritability, skin rash

A

nephrotoxicity assessment

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23
Q
  • fluid restrictions
  • skin care
  • electrolyte therapy
  • dialysis if severe
Study These Flashcards
A

nephrotoxicity interventions

24
Q

what is the normal range of BUN in a healthy individual?

25
what is the normal range of creatinine in a healthy individual?
0.6-1.2mg/dL
26
what is the normal range of a urine output in a healthy individual?
30mL/hr
27
what is the normal range of GFR in a healthy individual?
90-120mL/min
28
clinical manifestations: loss of coordination, change in pupils, loss of motor skills, coma scale, dizziness, balance
neurotoxicity assessment
29
- monitor for falls and safety - monitor ability to protect and maintain airway - teach to avoid hazardous activities
neurotoxicity interventions
30
clinical manifestations: erythema (redness and swelling on skin), blisters, exudation (pus-like fluid), peeling, burning, itching, hyperpigmentation
photosensitivity assessment
31
- wear long sleeves, a hat, sunscreen, long pants, and sunglasses - encourage going out early in the morning or late evening hours - avoid direct sunlight and stay in the shade
photosensitivity interventions
32
severe allergic reactions that affects deep tissues clinical manifestations: swollen and red appearance in the lips, face and oropharyngeal cavity, and neck
angioedema assessment
33
- apply oxygen - alleviate anxiety with reassurance - monitor swallowing and ability to protect airway - corticosteroids - diphenhydramine - epinephrine
angioedema assessment
34
clinical manifestations: generalized itching and hives progressing to erythema (swollen and red skin) and angioedema (swelling of tissues) of the head and neck, crackles and wheezing breathing sounds, decreased breath sounds, feeling a lump in the throat, stridor (high-pitched breath sounds), hypoxemia, hypotension, tachycardia
anaphylaxis assessment
35
- medical alert bracelet - epinephrine injection - immediately discontinuing medication - establishing airway and maintaining ventilation - bronchodilators - diphenhydramine - corticosteroids
anaphylaxis interventions
36
clinical manifestations: fatigue, drowsiness, hunger, anxiety, headache, cold and clammy skin, shaking, lack of coordination, tachycardia, hypertension, numbness of the mouth, confusion, rapid and shallow respirations
hypoglycemia assessment
37
- restoration of glucose orally - skin care - safety measures to prevent falls - monitor glucose levels
hypoglycemia interventions
38
stimulations of the breakdown of glycogen or altering metabolism increasing high serum glucose levels clinical manifestations: fatigue, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, kussmaul respirations, restlessness, nausea, hot or flushed skin, fruity smell of breath
hyperglycemia assessment
39
- administer insulin to decrease glucose - monitor blood glucose levels - provide bathroom facilities - control the room temperature
hyperglycemia interventions
40
potassium serum level <3.5mEq/L clinical manifestations: weakness, numbness and tingling in the extremities, muscle cramping, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased bowel sounds, irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotensions
hypokalemia assessment
41
- replace serum potassium - cardiac monitoring
hypokalemia interventions
42
potassium serum level >5mEq/L clinical manifestations: weakness, muscle cramps, diarrhea, numbness and tingling, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, decreased urine output, difficulty breathing
hyperkalemia assessment
43
- decrease potassium with potassium binders, insulin, calcium gluconate, dextrose - supportive measures for discomfort - fall precautions - cardiac monitoring - dialysis if needed
hyperkalemia interventions
44
drug deposit in the end arteries of the retina causing inflammation clinical manifestations: blurring of vision, color vision changes, corneal damage, blindness
ocular damage assessment
45
- monitor patient's vision - discontinue drug as needed
ocular damage interventions
46
clinical manifestations: dizziness, loss of balance, loss of hearing, ringing in ears, fullness in ears
auditory damage assessment
47
- monitor patient's perceptual losses or changes - protective measures for falls or injuries - supportive measures to cope with hearing changes
auditory damage interventions
48
can act as a stimulant or depressant clinical manifestations: confusion, delirium, insomnia, mood disorders, drowsiness, hyper- or hyporeflexia, bizarre dreams, hallucinations, numbness, tingling, seizures
CNS effects assessment
49
- safety measures to prevent injury - avoiding dangerous situations - orient the patient and provide support
CNS effects interventions
50
blocking cholinergic receptors of the parasympathetic nervous system clinical manifestations: dry mouth, dysphagia, heartburn, constipation, bloating, urinary hesitancy, blurred vision, photophobia, headache, mental confusion, nasal congestion
anticholinergic assessment
51
- provide sugarless lozenges and mouth care - arrange for bowel program - safety measures if vision changes - sunglasses for photophobia - proper hydration - medications for headache and nasal congestion
anticholinergic interventions
52
directly or indirectly affecting dopamine levels cause a syndrome to resemble Parkinson's disease clinical manifestations: lack of activity, akinesia (loss of ability to move muscles), muscular tremors, drooling, changes in gait, rigidity, akathisia (extreme restlessness), dyskinesia (spasms)
extrapyramidal assessment
53
- small, frequent meals if swallowing becomes difficult - safety measures if ambulation is an issue - anticholinergic agent treatment
extrapyramidal interventions
54
general anesthetics and other drugs that directly affect CNS clinical manifestations: slowed reflexes, rigidity, involuntary movement, hyperthermia, autonomic disturbances
neuroleptic malignant syndrome assessment
55
- dopamine agonist - muscle relaxant - discontinuation of drug - reduce patient's body temperature
neuroleptic malignant syndrome interventions

NUR414 (4 decks)

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