Exam 2 medication

Question 1

cause local vasoconstriction by releasing norepinephrine to decrease secretions to relieve nasal and nasopharyngeal congestion

Answer 1

decongestants - tetrahydrozoline & pseudoephedrine

Question 1

cough suppressant by acting on the cough-control center in the medulla

Answer 1

antitussives - dextromethorphan hydrobromide

Question 2

anti-inflammatory effect by blocking complex reactions to relieve chronic nasal congestion

Answer 2

steroid nasal decongestant - beclomethasone

Question 3

block H1 receptor to alleviate allergy symptoms

Answer 3

antihistamine - diphenhydramine

Question 4

decrease adhesiveness and surface tension of fluid to aid in expelling mucous

Answer 4

expectorants - guaifenesin

Question 5

split links in mucoproteins to decrease viscosity in acute and chronic bronchopulmonary disorders

Answer 5

mucolytics - acetylcysteine

Question 6

affect calcium to have a vasodilating effect on smooth muscles in asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

Answer 6

xanthine - theophylline

Question 7

mimic SNS effect to treat asthma

Answer 7

sympathomimetic - albuterol

Question 8

block or antagonize acetlycholine and vagal-mediated receptors for relaxation in asthma

Answer 8

anticholinergic - ipratropium

Question 9

decrease edema and increase beta-adrenergic activity for smooth muscle relaxation in asthma and COPD

Answer 9

inhaled steroids - budesonide

Question 10

competitively block receptors for the production of leukotrienes and histamine in asthma

Answer 10

leukotriene receptor antagonist - zarfirlukast

Question 11

work on distal convoluted tubule interfering with calcium pump to excrete sodium in HTN, MI, and edema

Answer 11

thiazide diuretic - hydrochlorothiazide

Question 12

act on the loop of henle blocking calcium pump and sodium reabsorption in HTN, MI, and edema

Answer 12

loop diuretic - furosemide

Question 13

block sodium and aldosterone at distal tubule to promote excretion in HTN, HF, and edema

Answer 13

potassium-sparing diuretic - spironolactone

Question 14

slow down movement of hydrogen to cause more sodium and HCO3 excretion in glaucoma, MI, edema, and acute mountain sickness

Answer 14

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor - acetazolamide

Question 15

increase osmotic pressure of glomerular filtrate causing decrease water, sodium, and chloride retention in increased intracranial pressure

Answer 15

osmotic diuretic - mannitol

Question 16

inhibit ACE to inhibit vasoconstriction, decrease peripheral resistance, decrease volume, and reduce afterload in HTN and MI

Answer 16

ACE inhibitor - captopril

Question 17

bind to angiotensin II to block vasoconstriction in HTN

Answer 17

ARBS - isoartan

Question 18

block calcium channel ions to relax coronary artery spasm in HTN and angina

Answer 18

CCB - diltiazem

Question 19

block beta1 in HTN, angina, MT, and SVT

Answer 19

nonselective beta blocker - propanolol & metoprolol

Question 20

block alpha1 in HTN and BPH

Answer 20

alpha1 blocker - doxazosin

Question 21

stimulate alpha2 in HTN and ADHD

Answer 21

alpha2 agonist - clonidine

Question 22

act directly on vascular smooth muscle for relaxation and vasodilation in HTN and MI

Answer 22

direct acting vasodilator - hydralazine

Question 23

increase intracellular calcium for increased contraction in MI

Answer 23

cardiac glycosides - digoxin

Question 24

block phosphodiesterase in cardiac and smooth muscle to increase contraction in MI

Answer 24

phosphodiesterase inhibitor - milrinone

Question 25

activate alpha receptors to increase vascular tone in hypotension

Answer 25

alpha agonist - midodrine

Question 26

block HMG-CoA reductase from completing synthesis of cholesterol to decrease cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDLs

Answer 26

statins - atrovastatin

Question 27

bind with bile acids in intestine to form an insoluble complex excreted via stool, decreasing cholesterol

Answer 27

bile-acid sequestrants - cholestyramine

Question 28

decrease absorption of dietary cholesterol from small intestine

Answer 28

cholesterol absorption inhibitor - ezetimibe

Question 29

stimulate lipoprotein breakdown from tissues and removal from plasma to decrease triglycerides and increase HDL

Answer 29

fibrin-acid agents - gemfibrozil

Question 30

stimulate RBC production in bone marrow by glycoproteins for anemia

Answer 30

epoetin alfa

Question 31

folate deficiency for pregnancy/lactation and alcoholism

Answer 31

folic acid

Question 32

B12 deficiency for pregnancy/lactation and blood loss

Answer 32

hydroxocobalamin

Question 33

iron deficiency

Answer 33

ferrous sulfate

Question 34

relax arterial and venous smooth muscle, and dilate coronary arteries for acute angina

Answer 34

nitrate - nitroglycerin

Question 35

block receptor sites on platelet membranes, preventing platelet-platelet interaction

Answer 35

antiplatelets - aspirin

Question 36

inhibit adenosine diphosphate receptor from binding to other platelet receptors

Answer 36

ADP receptor blocker - clopidogrel

Question 37

directly inhibit thrombin from converting fibrinogen to fibrin

Answer 37

heparin & argatroban

Question 38

binds and accelerates antithrombin II

Answer 38

enoxaparin

Question 39

decrease hepatic synthesis of vitamin K clotting factors

Answer 39

warfarin

Question 40

breakdown thrombus by stimulating plasmid synthesis in MI, acute PE, and acute ischemic CVA

Answer 40

thrombolytics - alteplase

Question 41

prevents fibrin from dissolving, preventing clots breaking down in excessive bleeding

Answer 41

hemostatics - aminocaproic acid