Exam 1: Anatomy of the CNS

Question 1

Describe the anatomical position for humans.

Answer 1

1. Standing upright with feet together
2. Arms at the sides
3. Palms facing upward

Question 2

Describe the anatomical position for four-legged animals.

Answer 2

1. On all fours
2. The back is facing up and the belly is facing down

Question 3

List the four main directional axes.

Answer 3

1. Dorsal
2. Ventral
3. Rostral
4. Caudal

Question 4

“Dorsal” refers to…

Answer 4

The up/back direction

Question 5

“Dorsal superior” means…

Answer 5

Towards the top of the brain

Question 6

“Dorsal posterior” means…

Answer 6

Towards the back of the brain stem

Question 7

“Ventral” refers to…

Answer 7

The down/front direction

Question 8

“Ventral inferior” means…

Answer 8

Towards the bottom of the brain

Question 9

“Ventral anterior” means…

Answer 9

Towards the front of the brain stem

Question 10

“Rostral” means…

Answer 10

“Towards the nose”

Question 11

In humans, “rostral” also means…

Answer 11

Towards the top of the brain stem

Question 12

“Caudal” means…

Answer 12

Towards the tail

Question 13

In humans, “caudal” also means…

Answer 13

Towards the bottom of the brain stem

Question 14

List the four main section planes.

Answer 14

1. Horizontal
2. Coronal/Frontal
3. Sagittal
4. Midsagittal

Question 15

A horizontal section means diving the brain into…

Answer 15

A top and bottom section

Question 16

A coronal/frontal section means dividing the brain into…

Answer 16

A front and back section

Question 17

A sagittal section means dividing the brain into…

Answer 17

A left and right section

Question 18

A midsagittal section means dividing the brain into…

Answer 18

A left and right section, cut exactly in the center

Question 19

“Lateral” means…

Answer 19

“Away from the midline”

Question 20

“Medial” means…

Answer 20

“Towards the midline

Question 21

The outermost portion of the brain is the…

Answer 21

Cerebrum

Question 22

The outermost portion of the cerebrum is the…

Answer 22

Cerebral cortex

Question 23

The ____ connects the cerebrum to the thalamus and hypothalamus.

Answer 23

Diencephalon

Question 24

The ____ is responsible for vegetative functions.

Answer 24

Brain stem proper

Question 25

List the three divisions of the brain stem proper.

Answer 25

1. Midbrain 2. Pons 3. Medulla oblangata

Question 26

The ____ is the inner portion of the brain, located inside the cerebrum.

Answer 26

Basal ganglia

Question 27

List the four divisions of the spinal cord.

Answer 27

1. Cervical 2. Thoracic 3. Lumbar 4. Sacral

Question 28

The ____ spinal cord makes up the neck, and is the most flexible.

Answer 28

Cervical

Question 29

The ____ spinal cord is attached to the ribs and is relatively inflexible.

Answer 29

Thoracic

Question 30

The ____ spinal cord spans the lower back area.

Answer 30

Lumbar

Question 31

The bottom tip of the spinal cord is the ____ spinal cord.

Answer 31

Sacral

Question 32

List the four major lobes of the cerebrum.

Answer 32

1. Frontal 2. Parietal 3. Occipital 4. Temporal

Question 33

The ____ is the boundary between the frontal and parietal lobes.

Answer 33

Central sulcus

Question 34

The ____ is the boundary between the frontal and temporal lobes.

Answer 34

Lateral sulcus

Question 35

The ____ is the boundary between the parietal and occipital lobes.

Answer 35

Parietal occipital sulcus

Question 36

The calcarine sulcus is located in the...

Answer 36

Occipital lobe

Question 37

The ____ is located beneath the cerebrum.

Answer 37

Cerebellum

Question 38

The pons and medulla are located...

Answer 38

To the left of the cerebellum

Question 39

The pons is located ____ the medulla.

Answer 39

Above

Question 40

____ are open spaces in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 40

Ventricles

Question 41

# True or false: Cerebrospinal fluid is continuously produced.

Answer 41

True

Question 42

The ____ are the largest ventricles, located at the top of the brain.

Answer 42

Lateral ventricles

Question 43

The third ventricle is located...

Answer 43

In the middle of the hypothalamus

Question 44

The fourth ventricle is located...

Answer 44

In the cavity between the cerebellum and brain stem

Question 45

The lateral ventricles drain into the...

Answer 45

Third ventricle

Question 46

The third ventricle drains into the...

Answer 46

Fourth ventricle

Question 47

The fourth ventricle drains into the...

Answer 47

Spinal canal